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Fekedulegn D, Long DL, Service S, Gu JK, Innes KE. Shiftwork and leisure-time physical inactivity (LTPI) among U.S. workers. Chronobiol Int 2025; 42:1-13. [PMID: 39690873 PMCID: PMC11835517 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2437427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2024] [Revised: 10/22/2024] [Accepted: 11/28/2024] [Indexed: 12/19/2024]
Abstract
Physical inactivity may exacerbate the adverse health effects associated with shift work. We investigated the association of shift work with leisure-time physical inactivity (LTPI). A cross-sectional analysis included 33 983 adults from National Health Interview Survey who self-reported their work schedule and leisure-time physical activity. Participants were classified in to two groups as either (a) inactive or (b) insufficiently/sufficiently. Prevalence ratios were derived using SUDAAN. Analyses were stratified by sex. In this sample of U.S. workers, 27% were shift workers, 26% were physically inactive, and 47% did not meet recommended levels of leisure-time physical activity. Inactivity level was 23% higher in women than in men among shift workers but did not differ by sex among daytime workers (PR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.96-1.07). Evening or night work was associated with higher LTPI among women but not men. LTPI was 17% higher in women working the night shift, and 24% higher in those on the evening shift compared to those working the daytime shift. These findings suggest that shift work may contribute to increased LTPI, with effects that may be particularly pronounced in women. Interventions addressing LTPI among shift workers may help mitigate the adverse health effects that have been linked to shift work in prior studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desta Fekedulegn
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - D. Leann Long
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Samantha Service
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Ja K. Gu
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Kim E. Innes
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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Castro-Cuarán MF, Junca EG, Gonzalez-Patiño DF, Buitrago G. ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SURGICAL VOLUME AND MORTALITY FROM COLON CANCER IN COLOMBIA: A NATIONAL COHORT. ARQUIVOS BRASILEIROS DE CIRURGIA DIGESTIVA : ABCD = BRAZILIAN ARCHIVES OF DIGESTIVE SURGERY 2024; 37:e1835. [PMID: 39630836 DOI: 10.1590/0102-6720202400041e1835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 12/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon cancer is the third most common malignancy in Colombia, only exceeded by prostate and breast cancers. It is the second most common cancer among females and the third most common among males. The epidemiology of this disease has changed in Colombia, and its peak incidence has now surpassed that of gastric cancer. AIMS We aimed to determine the association between hospital surgical volume and mortality in patients with colon cancer undergoing surgical resection in Colombia. METHODS This was a national retrospective cohort study based on administrative data and included adult patients undergoing surgical resection for colon cancer who were enrolled in Colombia's contributory health system between 2012 and 2017. We defined exposure as the hospital's surgical volume where the colon cancer surgery was performed. We classified the patients as exposed to a high surgical volume (above the 90th percentile of the provider distribution) and a low surgical volume (under the 90th percentile). The main outcomes were 30-day and 1-year mortality. Multivariate Poisson regressions were used to identify the association between exposure and mortality rates. RESULTS The study included 4,647 patients, of which 4,188 underwent surgery at hospitals with a colectomy volume lower than 33 per year and 459 underwent surgery at institutions with volumes equal to or higher than 33 per year. In the multivariate analysis, after adjusting for observable variables, a lower risk of 30-day mortality was found in patients who underwent surgery at high surgical volume institutions (relative risk - RR 0.57, 95% confidence interval - 95%CI 0.033-0.97). No differences were found in the one-year mortality. CONCLUSION The high surgical volume of a hospital is associated with a 30-day mortality in colon cancer, as described in other studies, but the 1-year mortality did not show this association. Prospective studies are required to establish a causal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernanda Castro-Cuarán
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery - Bogotá (DC), Colômbia
- Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Department of Surgery, Bogotá (DC), Colômbia
| | - Edgar German Junca
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery - Bogotá (DC), Colômbia
- Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Department of Surgery, Bogotá (DC), Colômbia
| | | | - Giancarlo Buitrago
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery - Bogotá (DC), Colômbia
- Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Department of Surgery, Bogotá (DC), Colômbia
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, Bogotá (DC), Colômbia
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Adnan D, Khoshaba ER, Abel-Reheem M, Trinh JQ, Cao Y, Bishehsari F. Association of late eating with colorectal adenomas: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:3187-3193. [PMID: 39294336 PMCID: PMC11962857 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03499-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal cancer (CRC) is linked to lifestyle exposures. However, changes in the CRC rates among younger populations remain poorly understood and suggest the existence of yet unidentified factor(s) that may contribute to colon carcinogenesis. Here, we investigated the potential role of time of eating in the risk of pre-cancerous colonic neoplasms (tubular adenoma: TA). METHODS We enrolled 663 participants undergoing screening colonoscopies. Data on food timing, dietary intake, sleep/wake patterns, and chronotype were collected through structured questionnaires. Late eating was defined as the consumption of food or snack within a 3-hour window of sleep onset for at least four days a week. Pathology reports confirmed the histology of colonic polyps, and adenomas were further classified into risk categories. RESULTS A total of 644 patients met criteria for our study. There were 270 (42.2%) participants classified as late eaters. Compared to non-late eaters, the odds of TA were higher in late eaters (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.05-2.03, p = 0.023), an association which was strengthened after adjusting for multiple confounders (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.19-3.28, p = 0.008). Late eating remained an independent risk factor for high-risk as well as multiple TAs. CONCLUSION This study proposes late eating as a risk factor for colon tubular adenomas and underscores the potential role of less studied forms of circadian disruption imposed by time of eating in the development of colon neoplastic formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darbaz Adnan
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush Medical College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Edena R Khoshaba
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush Medical College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Mostafa Abel-Reheem
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush Medical College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jonathan Q Trinh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Yin Cao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Faraz Bishehsari
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush Medical College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- MD Anderson Cancer Center-UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Gastroenterology Research Center (GRC). Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Houston, 6431 Fannin, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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İPEK P, Baran A, Cebe DB, Ahmadian E, Eftekhari A, Baran MF. Antioxidant properties of allium turcicum Özhatay & cowley plant extract, its effects on the proliferation and migration of cancer cells. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1438634. [PMID: 39372216 PMCID: PMC11449766 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1438634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a type of non-communicable disease that is responsible for numerous deaths worldwide. Cancer incidence and mortality rates are on the rise due to a combination of factors, such as a growing population, aging, and poor dietary habits. The Allium turcicum Özhatay & Cowley plant is an endemic plant in the area where it grows and is consumed by the public due to its various benefits. This endemic plant, which generally grows in high-altitude regions, is sold in bunches because it is costly, mixed with rock salt, crushed into powder, and consumed as a spice. The cytotoxic and growth-inhibitory effects of A. turcicum Özhatay & Cowley herb extract on human glioblastoma U373 cells, human colorectal carcinoma cell HCT-116, and healthy HUVEC cell lines were determined by the MTT method. After 24 and 48 h of application, logIC50 values in HUVEC, HCT-116, and U373 cells were defined as 3.737, 3.765; 3.513, 3.696, 4.476, and 4.104 μg/mL, respectively. We conducted a cell migration experiment to study the A. turcicum Özhatay & Cowley Extract (ATÖCE) impact on cancer cells' metastatic behavior. Our findings indicate that ATÖCE has an inhibitory effect on the migration potential of the cells used in the study. We conducted experiments using DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, and total phenolic content to assess the antioxidant properties of ATÖCE. The findings from the antioxidant activity experiments revealed an activity level of 0.20 ± 0.046 at IC50. Additionally, the total phenolic content was measured to be 0.26 ± 0.044 mg GAE/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polat İPEK
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Türkiye
| | - Ayse Baran
- Department of Biology, Graduate Education Institute, Mardin Artuklu University, Mardin, Türkiye
| | - Deniz Barış Cebe
- Department of Chemistry, Batman University Faculty of Science, Batman, Türkiye
| | - Elham Ahmadian
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aziz Eftekhari
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye
- Department of Life Sciences, Engineered Biomaterials Research Center, Khazar University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Mehmet Fırat Baran
- Department of Food Technology, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Batman University, Batman, Türkiye
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Murovec B, Deutsch L, Stres B. Predictive modeling of colorectal cancer using exhaustive analysis of microbiome information layers available from public metagenomic data. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1426407. [PMID: 39252839 PMCID: PMC11381387 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1426407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the microbiome profiles of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC, n = 380) and colorectal adenomas (CRA, n = 110) against generally healthy participants (n = 2,461) from various studies. The overarching objective was to conduct a real-life experiment and develop a robust machine learning model applicable to the general population. A total of 2,951 stool samples underwent a comprehensive analysis using the in-house MetaBakery pipeline. This included various data matrices such as microbial taxonomy, functional genes, enzymatic reactions, metabolic pathways, and predicted metabolites. The study found no statistically significant difference in microbial diversity among individuals. However, distinct clusters were identified for healthy, CRC, and CRA groups through linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Machine learning analysis demonstrated consistent model performance, indicating the potential of microbiome layers (microbial taxa, functional genes, enzymatic reactions, and metabolic pathways) as prediagnostic indicators for CRC and CRA. Notable biomarkers on the taxonomy level and microbial functionality (gene families, enzymatic reactions, and metabolic pathways) associated with CRC were identified. The research presents promising avenues for practical clinical applications, with potential validation on external clinical datasets in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boštjan Murovec
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Leon Deutsch
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- The NU, The NU B.V., Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Blaž Stres
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- D13 Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, Institute of Sanitary Engineering, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Zeng F, Zhang DY, Chen SJ, Chen RX, Chen C, Huang SM, Li D, Zhang XD, Chen JJ, Mo CY, Gao L, Zeng JT, Xiong JX, Chen Z, Bai FH. Application of fecal immunochemical test in colorectal cancer screening: A community-based, cross-sectional study in average-risk individuals in Hainan. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:3445-3456. [PMID: 39171167 PMCID: PMC11334025 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i8.3445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in China is steadily rising, with a high proportion of advanced-stage diagnoses. This highlights the significance of early detection and prevention measures to enhance survival rates. Fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) is a globally recommended CRC screening method; however, limited research has been conducted on its application in Hainan. AIM To assess the efficacy and adherence of FIT screening among average-risk individuals in Hainan, while also examining the risk factors associated with positive FIT results. METHODS This population-based cross-sectional study implemented FIT screening for CRC in 2000 asymptomatic participants aged 40-75 years from five cities and 21 community health centers in Hainan Province. The study was conducted from August 2022 to April 2023, employing a stratified sampling method to select participants. Individuals with positive FIT results subsequently underwent colonoscopy. Positive predictive values for confirmed CRC and advanced adenoma were calculated, and the relationship between relevant variables and positive FIT results was analyzed using χ 2 tests and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 1788 participants completed the FIT screening, with a median age of 57 years (interquartile range: 40-75). Among them, 503 (28.1%) were males, and 1285 (71.9%) were females, resulting in an 89.4% compliance rate for FIT screening. The overall positivity rate of FIT was 4.4% [79 out of 1788; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3%-5%]. The specific positivity rates for Haikou, Sanya, Orient City, Qionghai City, and Wuzhishan City were 9.6% (45 of 468; 95%CI: 8%-11%), 1.3% (6 of 445; 95%CI: 0.1%-3.1%), 2.7% (8 of 293; 95%CI: 1.2%-4.3%), 3.3% (9 of 276; 95%CI: 1.0%-6.3%), and 4.2% (11 of 406; 95%CI: 1.2%-7.3%), respectively. Significant associations were found between age, dietary habits, and positive FIT results. Out of the 79 participants with positive FIT results, 55 underwent colonoscopy, demonstrating an 82.2% compliance rate. Among them, 10 had a clean gastrointestinal tract, 43 had polyps or adenomas, and 2 were confirmed to have CRC, yielding a positive predictive value of 3.6% (95%CI: 0.9%-4.2%). Among the 43 participants with polyps or adenomas, 8 were diagnosed with advanced adenomas, resulting in an advanced adenoma rate of 14.5% (95%CI: 10.1%-17.7%). CONCLUSION In the Hainan region, FIT screening for CRC among asymptomatic individuals at average risk is feasible and well-received.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zeng
- Graduate School, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
| | - Da-Ya Zhang
- Graduate School, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
| | - Shi-Ju Chen
- Graduate School, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
| | - Run-Xiang Chen
- Graduate School, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Graduate School, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
| | - Shi-Mei Huang
- Graduate School, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
| | - Da Li
- Graduate School, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Graduate School, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
| | - Jia-Jia Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qionghai People’s Hospital, Qionghai 571400, Hainan Province, China
| | - Cui-Yi Mo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qionghai People’s Hospital, Qionghai 571400, Hainan Province, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanya Central Hospital, Sanya 572022, Hainan Province, China
| | - Jun-Tao Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanya Central Hospital, Sanya 572022, Hainan Province, China
| | - Jian-Xin Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan Second People’s Hospital, Wuzhishang 572299, Hainan Province, China
| | - Zhai Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang People’s Hospital, Dongfang 572699, Hainan Province, China
| | - Fei-Hu Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570216, Hainan Province, China
- The Gastroenterology Clinical Medical Center of Hainan Province, Haikou 570216, Hainan Province, China
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Bunescu MG, Gheorman V, Marcu IR, Lungulescu CV, Dinescu VC. Tackling Shift Work: Cardiovascular Health in the Auto Industry. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1097. [PMID: 38891172 PMCID: PMC11171793 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12111097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Shift work, particularly in the auto industry, presents significant health challenges, notably in how it impacts cardiovascular health due to irregular work schedules and associated sleep disruptions. This prospective study evaluated 4683 workers from a single Romanian automotive enterprise to investigate the relationship between fixed shift work schedules and cardiovascular health outcomes. Our analysis focused on fixed-shift workers, excluding those on rotating shifts to reduce variability and enhance the clarity of the findings. The findings reveal that night shift workers are at a heightened risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) compared to their day shift counterparts. Night shift workers demonstrated a higher CVD incidence (4.3%) compared to day shift workers (2.6%), with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.68 (95% CI: 1.08 to 2.62, p = 0.021). This association remained significant after adjusting for potential confounders, with an adjusted OR of 1.74 (95% CI: 1.09 to 2.75, p = 0.019). Male night shift workers exhibited a significantly higher CVD incidence (4.5%) compared to male day shift workers (3.0%), with an OR of 1.75 (95% CI: 1.07 to 2.89, p = 0.026). Female night shift workers also showed a higher CVD incidence (3.4%) compared to female day shift workers (1.3%), although this was not statistically significant. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions and effective strategies to mitigate these risks and promote the cardiovascular health and overall well-being of shift workers in the auto industry. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of how non-traditional work schedules affect health and provides a basis for implementing protective measures in occupational settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Gabriel Bunescu
- Occupational Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Petru Rares 2 Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Veronica Gheorman
- Department 3 Medical Semiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Petru Rares 2 Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Iulia Rahela Marcu
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Petru Rares 2 Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Cristian Virgil Lungulescu
- Oncology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Petru Rares 2 Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Venera Cristina Dinescu
- Department of Health Promotion and Occupational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Petru Rares 2 Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
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Habermann D, Franz CMAP, Klempt M. Current Research on Small Circular Molecules: A Comprehensive Overview on SPHINX/BMMF. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:678. [PMID: 38927614 PMCID: PMC11202718 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Several years of research into the small circular DNA molecules called SPHINX and BMMF (SPHINX/BMMF) have provided information on several areas of research, medicine, microbiology and nutritional science. But there are still open questions that have not yet been addressed. Due to the unclear classification, evolution and sources of SPHINX/BMMF, a risk assessment is currently not possible. However, risk assessment is necessary as SPHINX/BMMF are suspected to be involved in the development of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In order to obtain an overview of the current state of research and to identify research gaps, a review of all the publications on this topic to date was carried out. The focus was primarily on the SPHINX/BMMF group 1 and 2 members, which is the topic of most of the research. It was discovered that the SPHINX/BMMF molecules could be integral components of mammalian cells, and are also inherited. However, their involvement in neurodegenerative and carcinogenic diseases is still unclear. Furthermore, they are probably ubiquitous in food and they resemble bacterial plasmids in parts of their DNA and protein (Rep) sequence. In addition, a connection with bacterial viruses is also suspected. Ultimately, it is still unclear whether SPHINX/BMMF have an infectious capacity and what their host or target is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Habermann
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Nutrition and Food, Hermann-Weigmann-Straße 1, 24103 Kiel, Germany; (C.M.A.P.F.); (M.K.)
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Bonhof CS, de Rooij BH, Schoormans D, Wasowicz DK, Vreugdenhil G, Mols F. Sex differences in health-related quality of life and psychological distress among colorectal cancer patients: a 2-year longitudinal study. J Cancer Surviv 2024:10.1007/s11764-024-01616-0. [PMID: 38789659 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-024-01616-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE While sex differences in the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) are well documented, less is known about sex differences in patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and psychological distress. To enhance patient-tailored care, we aimed to longitudinally examine sex differences in HRQoL and psychological distress among CRC patients from diagnosis up until 2-year follow-up. METHODS Newly diagnosed CRC patients from four Dutch hospitals were eligible for participation. Patients (N = 334) completed questions on HRQoL (EORTC QLQ-C30) and psychological distress (HADS) before initial treatment (baseline), 4 weeks after surgery, and at 1 and 2 years after diagnosis. Also, HRQoL and psychological distress were assessed in a sex- and age-matched reference population. RESULTS When directly comparing female (N = 126, 38%) and male (N = 208, 62%) CRC patients, female patients reported significantly worse HRQoL, such as more insomnia at baseline, worse physical and role functioning 4 weeks after surgery, more diarrhea at 1 year, and more pain and constipation at 2-year follow-up. However, a comparison with the reference population revealed larger differences between patients and reference in males than in females. For example, at 1- and 2-year follow-up, male patients reported significantly worse cognitive and social functioning, more insomnia, and more anxiety compared with a reference population. CONCLUSIONS Especially male CRC patients reported worse HRQoL and more psychological distress when compared with a reference population. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Knowledge of sex-specific differences in HRQoL and psychological distress among CRC patients may help healthcare providers anticipate and appropriately address patients' unique healthcare needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia S Bonhof
- CoRPS-Center of Research on Psychological Disorders and Somatic diseases, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Department of Research, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Belle H de Rooij
- CoRPS-Center of Research on Psychological Disorders and Somatic diseases, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Department of Research, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dounya Schoormans
- CoRPS-Center of Research on Psychological Disorders and Somatic diseases, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Department of Research, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dareczka K Wasowicz
- Department of Surgery, Elisabeth-Twee Steden hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Vreugdenhil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Máxima Medical Centre, Eindhoven and Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Floortje Mols
- CoRPS-Center of Research on Psychological Disorders and Somatic diseases, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
- Department of Research, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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10
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Zhang X, Wu Z, Wang X, Xin B, Hu P, Yin Y, He S, Ren M. Causal associations between dietary factors and colorectal cancer risk: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1388732. [PMID: 38751740 PMCID: PMC11094808 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1388732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous epidemiological studies have found a link between colorectal cancer (CRC) and human dietary habits. However, the inherent limitations and inevitable confounding factors of the observational studies may lead to the inaccurate and doubtful results. The causality of dietary factors to CRC remains elusive. Methods We conducted two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses utilizing the data sets from the IEU Open GWAS project. The exposure datasets included alcoholic drinks per week, processed meat intake, beef intake, poultry intake, oily fish intake, non-oily fish intake, lamb/mutton intake, pork intake, cheese intake, bread intake, tea intake, coffee intake, cooked vegetable intake, cereal intake, fresh fruit intake, salad/raw vegetable intake, and dried fruit intake. In our MR analyses, the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was employed as the primary analytical approach. The weighted median, MR-Egger, weighted mode, and simple mode were also applied to quality control. Heterogeneity and pleiotropic analyses were implemented to replenish the accuracy of the results. Results MR consequences revealed that alcoholic drinks per week [odds ratio (OR): 1.565, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.068-2.293, p = 0.022], non-oily fish intake (OR: 0.286; 95% CI: 0.095-0.860; p = 0.026), fresh fruit intake (OR: 0.513; 95% CI: 0.273-0.964; p = 0.038), cereal intake (OR: 0.435; 95% CI: 0.253-0.476; p = 0.003) and dried fruit intake (OR: 0.522; 95% CI: 0.311-0.875; p = 0.014) was causally correlated with the risk of CRC. No other significant relationships were obtained. The sensitivity analyses proposed the absence of heterogeneity or pleiotropy, demonstrating the reliability of the MR results. Conclusion This study indicated that alcoholic drinks were associated with an increased risk of CRC, while non-oily fish intake, fresh fruit intake, cereal intake, and dried fruit were associated with a decreased risk of CRC. This study also indicated that other dietary factors included in this research were not associated with CRC. The current study is the first to establish the link between comprehensive diet-related factors and CRC at the genetic level, offering novel clues for interpreting the genetic etiology of CRC and replenishing new perspectives for the clinical practice of gastrointestinal disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shannxi Clinical Research Center of Digestive Disease (Cancer Division), Xi’an, China
| | - Zhimeng Wu
- Shannxi Clinical Research Center of Digestive Disease (Cancer Division), Xi’an, China
- Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiangrui Wang
- Shannxi Clinical Research Center of Digestive Disease (Cancer Division), Xi’an, China
- Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Binglong Xin
- Shanxi Institute of Science and Technology, Jincheng, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Surgery, Dangtu Central Health Center, Ma’anshan, China
| | - Yan Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shannxi Clinical Research Center of Digestive Disease (Cancer Division), Xi’an, China
| | - Shuixiang He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shannxi Clinical Research Center of Digestive Disease (Cancer Division), Xi’an, China
| | - Mudan Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shannxi Clinical Research Center of Digestive Disease (Cancer Division), Xi’an, China
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11
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Bacha AA, Suhail M, Awwad FA, Ismail EAA, Ahmad H. Role of dietary fiber and lifestyle modification in gut health and sleep quality. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1324793. [PMID: 38633603 PMCID: PMC11022964 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1324793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary fiber has an immense role in the gut microbiome by modulating juvenile growth, immune system maturation, glucose, and lipid metabolism. Lifestyle changes might disrupt gut microbiota symbiosis, leading to various chronic diseases with underlying inflammatory conditions, obesity, and its associated pathologies. An interventional study of 16 weeks examined the impact of psyllium husk fiber with and without lifestyle modification on gut health and sleep quality in people with central obesity (men = 60 and women = 60), those aged from 40 to 60 years, those having WC ≥ 90 cm (men) and WC ≥ 80 cm (women), and no history of any chronic disease or regular medication. The participants were subgrouped into three intervention groups, namely, the psyllium husk fiber (PSH) group, the lifestyle modification (LSM) group, and the LSM&PSH group and control group with equal gender bifurcation (men = 15 and women = 15). A 24-h dietary recall, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) symptoms, and sleep quality analysis data were collected on validated questionnaires. The analyses of variance and covariance were used for baseline and post-intervention, respectively. Student's t-test was applied for pre- and post-intervention changes on the variable of interest. The intervention effect on GIT health was highly significant (P < 0.001). The mean GIT scores of the LSM, PSH, and LSM&PSH groups were 2.99 ± 0.14, 2.49 ± 0.14, and 2.71 ± 0.14, respectively, compared to the mean GIT scores of the control group. No significant (P = 0.205) effect of either intervention was observed on sleep quality. The study concluded that psyllium husk fiber significantly improved the GIT symptoms, while no significant effect of the intervention was observed on sleep quality analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Ali Bacha
- Department of Human Nutrition, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Amir Muhammad Khan Campus Mardan, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Suhail
- Amir Muhammad Khan Campus Mardan, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Fuad A. Awwad
- Department of Quantitative Analysis, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad A. A. Ismail
- Department of Quantitative Analysis, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hijaz Ahmad
- Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mishref, Kuwait
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Section of Mathematics, International Telematic University Uninettuno, Rome, Italy
- Near East University, Operational Research Center in Healthcare, Nicosia, Türkiye
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12
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Tufail M, Wu C, Hussain MS. Dietary, addictive and habitual factors, and risk of colorectal cancer. Nutrition 2024; 120:112334. [PMID: 38271761 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Pakistan, the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has sharply increased in recent years. Although several studies have reported global risk factors for CRC, no study has been conducted in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan, to investigate the risk factors associated with the increased CRC burden in this population. OBJECTIVES Therefore, we conducted a clinical survey using a case-control study design to explore the risk factors associatd with CRC. METHODS In the present study, one control was enrolled for each case. Both cases and controls were asked to complete a questionnaire to gather data. We analyzed all data using SPSS. RESULTS Our study found that certain dietary factors, such as consuming fast food (OR: 3.0; P = 0.0001) and reusing ghee (OR: 2.45; P = 0.0001) and oil (OR: 4.30; P = 0.0001), increase the risk of CRC. Additionally, use of tobacco products like smoking cigarettes (OR: 1.91; P = 0.0001) and using snuff (OR: 3.72; P = 0.0001) significantly increases the risk of CRC. Certain habitual factors, including binge eating (OR: 2.42; P = 0.0001) and spending excessive time watching TV (OR: 1.98; P = 0.0001), also increase the odds of developing CRC. However, our study also identified some protective factors against CRC, such as consuming vegetables (OR: .41; P = 0.0001), developing healthy eating habits (OR: .61; P = 0.0001), and maintaining regular sleeping patterns (OR: .45; P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION Given these findings, targeted health education is necessary to prevent the increase in CRC in this area. We also recommend developing and enforcing appropriate control guidelines for cancer risk factors to curb the incidence of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tufail
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Changxin Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Md Sadique Hussain
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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13
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Ghulam E, Ramadan M. Age-period-cohort analysis of colorectal cancer mortality in Saudi Arabia from 1990 to 2019. Public Health 2024; 228:43-50. [PMID: 38266347 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to describe and estimate the independent effects of age, period, and cohort on colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality in Saudi Arabia from 1990 to 2019. STUDY DESIGN This was an epidemiological study. METHODS Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019. Age-period-cohort modelling was used to compute the net drift, local drift, cross-sectional age curve, longitudinal age curve, and rate ratios (RRs) of period and cohort of CRC mortality in Saudi Arabia. RESULTS In 2019, there were 1629 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 1263 to 2045) CRC cancer deaths in Saudi Arabia, and the age-standardised mortality rate of CRC was 9.7 (95% UI: 7.8 to 11.6) per 100,000 population. For men, between 1990 and 2019, the total number of CRC deaths increased dramatically from 199 (95% UI: 130 to 286) in 2019 to 942 (95% UI: 725 to 1228). For the period effects, the relative risk (RR) of mortality rate for both sexes followed similar monotonic increase patterns throughout the study period. CONCLUSIONS Results from this study highlight a concerning increase in CRC mortality rates in Saudi Arabia from 1990 to 2019, particularly among individuals aged 30-50 years. While mortality rates for men were higher at the start of the study period, more favourable trends for men were seen in the later years of the study period, indicating evolving gender disparities. Establishing evidence-based national screening guidelines and adopting multi-level diagnostics, risk assessment, and population-wide screening, especially for younger populations, is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ghulam
- Basic Science Department, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - M Ramadan
- Population Health Research Section, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Saudi Arabia.
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14
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Sharma R, Abbastabar H, Abdulah DM, Abidi H, Abolhassani H, Abrehdari-Tafreshi Z, Absalan A, Ali HA, Abu-Gharbieh E, Acuna JM, Adib N, Sakilah Adnani QE, Aghaei A, Ahmad A, Ahmad S, Ahmadi A, Ahmadi S, Ahmed LA, Ajami M, Al Hamad H, Al Hasan SM, Alanezi FM, Saeed Al-Gheethi AA, Al-Hanawi MK, Ali A, Ali BA, Alimohamadi Y, Aljunid SM, Ali Al-Maweri SA, Alqahatni SA, AlQudah M, Al-Raddadi RM, Al-Tammemi AB, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Anwar SL, Anwer R, Aqeel M, Arabloo J, Arab-Zozani M, Ariffin H, Artaman A, Arulappan J, Ashraf T, Askari E, Athar M, Wahbi Atout MM, Azadnajafabad S, Badar M, Badiye AD, Baghcheghi N, Bagherieh S, Bai R, Bajbouj K, Baliga S, Bardhan M, Bashiri A, Baskaran P, Basu S, Belgaumi UI, Nazer C Bermudez A, Bhandari B, Bhardwaj N, Bhat AN, Bitaraf S, Boloor A, Hashemi MB, Butt ZA, Chadwick J, Kai Chan JS, Chattu VK, Chaturvedi P, Cho WC, Darwesh AM, Dash NR, Dehghan A, Dhali A, Dianatinasab M, Dibas M, Dixit A, Dixit SG, Dorostkar F, Dsouza HL, Elbarazi I, Elemam NM, El-Huneidi W, Elkord E, Abdou Elmeligy OA, Emamian MH, Erkhembayar R, Ezzeddini R, Fadoo Z, Faiz R, Fakhradiyev IR, Fallahzadeh A, Faris MEM, Farrokhpour H, Fatehizadeh A, Fattahi H, Fekadu G, Fukumoto T, Gaidhane AM, Galehdar N, Garg P, Ghadirian F, Ghafourifard M, Ghasemi M, Nour MG, Ghassemi F, Gholamalizadeh M, Gholamian A, Ghotbi E, Golechha M, Goleij P, Goyal S, Mohialdeen Gubari MI, Gunasekera DS, Gunawardane DA, Gupta S, Habibzadeh P, Haeri Boroojeni HS, Halboub ES, Hamadeh RR, Hamoudi R, Harorani M, Hasanian M, Hassan TS, Hay SI, Heidari M, Heidari-Foroozan M, Hessami K, Hezam K, Hiraike Y, Holla R, Hoseini M, Hossain MM, Hossain S, Hsieh VCR, Huang J, Hussein NR, Hwang BF, Iravanpour F, Ismail NE, Iwagami M, Merin J L, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Jafarinia M, Jahani MA, Jahrami H, Jaiswal A, Jakovljevic M, Jalili M, Jamshidi E, Jayarajah U, Jayaram S, Jha SS, Jokar M, Joseph N, Kabir A, Kabir MA, Kadir DH, Kakodkar PV, Kalankesh LR, Kalankesh LR, Kalhor R, Kaliyadan F, Kamal VK, Kamal Z, Kamath A, Kar SS, Karimi H, Kaur N, Keikavoosi-Arani L, Keykhaei M, Khader YS, Khajuria H, Khan EA, Khan MN, Khan M, Khan MA, Khan YH, Khanmohammadi S, Khatatbeh MM, Khateri S, Khayamzadeh M, Khayat Kashani HR, Kim MS, Kompani F, Koohestani HR, Koulmane Laxminarayana SL, Krishan K, Kumar N, Kumar N, Kutluk T, Kuttikkattu A, Ching Lai DT, Lal DK, Lami FH, Lasrado S, Lee SW, Lee SW, Lee YY, Lee YH, Leong E, Li MC, Liu J, Madadizadeh F, Mafi AR, Mahjoub S, Malekzadeh R, Malik AA, Malik I, Mallhi TH, Mansournia MA, Martini S, Mathews E, Mathur MR, Meena JK, Menezes RG, Mirfakhraie R, Mirinezhad SK, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M, Mithra P, Mohamadkhani A, Mohammadi S, Mohammadzadeh M, Mohan S, Mokdad AH, Al Montasir A, Montazeri F, Moradi M, Sarabi MM, Moradpour F, Moradzadeh M, Moraga P, Mosapour A, Motaghinejad M, Mubarik S, Muhammad JS, Murray CJ, Nagarajan AJ, Naghavi M, Nargus S, Natto ZS, Nayak BP, Nejadghaderi SA, Nguyen PT, Niazi RK, Noroozi N, Okati-Aliabad H, Okekunle AP, Ong S, Oommen AM, Padubidri JR, Pandey A, Park EK, Park S, Pati S, Patil S, Paudel R, Paudel U, Pirestani M, Podder I, Pourali G, Pourjafar M, Pourshams A, Syed ZQ, Radhakrishnan RA, Radhakrishnan V, Rahman M, Rahmani S, Rahmanian V, Ramesh PS, Rana J, Rao IR, Rao SJ, Rashedi S, Rashidi MM, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezaei S, Rezaeian M, Roshandel G, Chandan S, Saber-Ayad MM, Sabour S, Sabzmakan L, Saddik B, Saeed U, Safi SZ, Sharif-Askari FS, Sahebkar A, Sahoo H, Sajedi SA, Sajid MR, Salehi MA, Farrokhi AS, Sarasmita MA, Sargazi S, Sarode GS, Sarode SC, Sathian B, Satpathy M, Semwal P, Senthilkumaran S, Sepanlou SG, Shafeghat M, Shahabi S, Shahbandi A, Shahraki-Sanavi F, Shaikh MA, Shannawaz M, Sheikhi RA, Shobeiri P, Shorofi SA, Shrestha S, Siabani S, Singh G, Singh P, Singh S, Sinha DN, Siwal SS, Sreeram S, Suleman M, Abdulkader RS, Sultan I, Sultana A, Tabish M, Tabuchi T, Taheri M, Talaat IM, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Temsah MH, Thangaraju P, Thomas N, Thomas NK, Tiyuri A, Tobe-Gai R, Toghroli R, Tovani-Palone MR, Ullah S, Unnikrishnan B, Upadhyay E, Tahbaz SV, Valizadeh R, Varthya SB, Waheed Y, Wang S, Wickramasinghe DP, Wickramasinghe ND, Xiao H, Yonemoto N, Younis MZ, Yu C, Zahir M, Zaki N, Zamanian M, Zhang ZJ, Zhao H, Zitoun OA, Zoladl M. Temporal patterns of cancer burden in Asia, 1990-2019: a systematic examination for the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. SOUTHEAST ASIA 2024; 21:100333. [PMID: 38361599 PMCID: PMC10866992 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2023.100333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Background Cancers represent a challenging public health threat in Asia. This study examines the temporal patterns of incidence, mortality, disability and risk factors of 29 cancers in Asia in the last three decades. Methods The age, sex and year-wise estimates of incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of 29 cancers for 49 Asian countries from 1990 through 2019 were generated as a part of the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries and Risk Factors 2019 study. Besides incidence, mortality and DALYs, we also examined the cancer burden measured in terms of DALYs and deaths attributable to risk factors, which had evidence of causation with different cancers. The development status of countries was measured using the socio-demographic index. Decomposition analysis was performed to gauge the change in cancer incidence between 1990 and 2019 due to population growth, aging and age-specific incidence rates. Findings All cancers combined claimed an estimated 5.6 million [95% uncertainty interval, 5.1-6.0 million] lives in Asia with 9.4 million [8.6-10.2 million] incident cases and 144.7 million [132.7-156.5 million] DALYs in 2019. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of all cancers combined in Asia was 197.6/100,000 [181.0-214.4] in 2019, varying from 99.2/100,000 [76.1-126.0] in Bangladesh to 330.5/100,000 [298.5-365.8] in Cyprus. The age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) was 120.6/100,000 [110.1-130.7] in 2019, varying 4-folds across countries from 71.0/100,000 [59.9-83.5] in Kuwait to 284.2/100,000 [229.2-352.3] in Mongolia. The age-standardized DALYs rate was 2970.5/100,000 [2722.6-3206.5] in 2019, varying from 1578.0/100,000 [1341.2-1847.0] in Kuwait to 6574.4/100,000 [5141.7-8333.0] in Mongolia. Between 1990 and 2019, deaths due to 17 of the 29 cancers either doubled or more, and 20 of the 29 cancers underwent an increase of 150% or more in terms of new cases. Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer (both sexes), breast cancer (among females), colon and rectum cancer (both sexes), stomach cancer (both sexes) and prostate cancer (among males) were among top-5 cancers in most Asian countries in terms of ASIR and ASMR in 2019 and cancers of liver, stomach, hodgkin lymphoma and esophageal cancer posted the most significant decreases in age-standardized rates between 1990 and 2019. Among the modifiable risk factors, smoking, alcohol use, ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution and unsafe sex remained the dominant risk factors between 1990 and 2019. Cancer DALYs due to ambient PM pollution, high body mass index and fasting plasma glucose has increased most notably between 1990 and 2019. Interpretation With growing incidence, cancer has become more significant public health threat in Asia, demanding urgent policy attention and guidance. Its heightened risk calls for increased cancer awareness, preventive measures, affordable early-stage detection, and cost-effective therapeutics in Asia. The current study can serve as a useful resource for policymakers and researchers in Asia for devising interventions for cancer management and control. Funding The GBD study is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
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15
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Adnan D, Trinh JQ, Sharma D, Alsayid M, Bishehsari F. Early-onset Colon Cancer Shows a Distinct Intestinal Microbiome and a Host-Microbe Interaction. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2024; 17:29-38. [PMID: 37967575 PMCID: PMC10842926 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-23-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The incidence rate of colorectal cancer in younger adults has been rising in developed countries. This trend may be attributed to environmental exposures as a result of lifestyle changes. Many of the lifestyle factors that promote colorectal cancer can also affect the gut microbiome, which may be associated with colorectal cancer risks. The role of the microbiome in the ongoing rise of early-onset colorectal cancer is unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate age-related differences in the gut microbiome of patients with colorectal cancer and healthy individuals by examining both the fecal and tumor microbiomes. We utilized the publicly accessible data on fecal shotgun metagenomics from CuratedMetagenomeData and TCGA via the GDC Data Portal. Comparison of 701 colorectal cancer and 693 controls revealed that microbial features were age dependent, with a significant difference in species enrichment between early-onset (<50 years) and late-onset (>65 years) patients with colorectal cancer. Analysis of the tumor-associated microbiome in a separate dataset of 85 patients with colorectal cancer verified age-specific differences in taxon abundance between early- and late-onset patients with colorectal cancer. Finally, using host gene expression data, we found a stronger microbe-host interaction in early- vs. late-onset colorectal cancers. Altogether, these findings indicate that microbial features were age-dependent with stronger microbial-host interactions at the tumor site in early-onset colorectal cancers, suggesting a direct role of microbes in tumorigenesis via interaction with cancer-related pathways in this age group. PREVENTION RELEVANCE Early-onset colorectal cancer is on the rise, presumably because of changes in environmental exposures. Lifestyle changes may contribute to colorectal cancer via alterations in gut microbes. Here, we show that microbial association with colorectal cancer is age-dependent, and microbe interactions with tumor pathways are stronger in young versus older colorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darbaz Adnan
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush Medical College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jonathan Q. Trinh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush Medical College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Muhammad Alsayid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Faraz Bishehsari
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush Medical College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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16
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Rahmat SA, He Y. Cancer Burden and Attributable Risk Factors of Cancers in China: Epidemiological Insights and Comparisons With India. Cancer Control 2024; 31:10732748241276674. [PMID: 39240012 PMCID: PMC11380140 DOI: 10.1177/10732748241276674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a major health concern in China. Understanding the epidemiology of cancer can guide the development of effective prevention and control strategies. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the cancer burden, time trends, and attributable risk factors of cancers in China and compare them with those in India. METHODS We utilized the GLOBOCAN database for 2022, Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (C15 plus) series, and Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 to extract data on cancer incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and risk factors. Time-trend analysis was performed using a join-point regression model. Correlations between cancer DALY rates and risk factors were analyzed using linear regression. RESULTS In 2022, China experienced 4,824,703 new cancer cases and 2,574,176 cancer-related deaths. Cancers also caused approximately 71.2 million DALYs in China in 2021. Compared with India, China has higher incidence, mortality, and DALY rates for various cancers. Breast and thyroid cancers in China have shown a rapid increase in the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), along with a substantial burden of lung, stomach, esophageal, and colorectal cancer. However, stomach and liver cancers in China showed a downward trend in ASIR. In 2021, diet low in milk was a major risk factor among females for colorectal cancer DALYs in China (23% of age-standardized DALYs) and India (22.9%). In China, smoking has been associated with increased DALYs due to lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS China has a heavier cancer burden than India. The heavy burden of lung, stomach, esophageal, and colorectal cancers, combined with the rising incidence of breast and thyroid cancers, pose a critical challenge to public health in China. Cancer burden may be reduced through public health initiatives that prioritize primary prevention, prompt identification, and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Adnan Rahmat
- Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yutong He
- Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
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17
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Tripathi PK, Jain CK. Medicinal Plant-rich Diet: A Potential Therapeutic Role in Colorectal Cancer. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem 2024; 22:308-318. [PMID: 37724674 DOI: 10.2174/1871525722666230915103747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is estimated to become the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Since most of the available therapies affect vital organs such as heart and liver, herbal remedies as a substitute therapy have been reported in several evidence-based studies. OBJECTIVE Medicinal plants exhibit a diverse range of bioactive elements known for their medicinal properties, such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects. Phytochemicals present in medicinal plants significantly trigger different signaling pathways, contributing to their therapeutic activities. This review covers a comprehensive summary of the therapeutic potential of an herbal diet in treating colorectal cancer and other ailments. Special attention will be given to exploring the interactions of medicinal plants with the microbiota and their associations with cancer pathways. CONCLUSION A medicinal plant rich in bioactive compounds is a therapeutic option for colorectal cancer and potent cardioprotective and hepatoprotective agents. These bioactive compounds have demonstrated the ability to impede the growth of cancerous cells and trigger apoptosis. Our findings suggest that pomegranate, garlic, soybean, olive, green tea, papaya, and grapes are potential medicinal plants for combating cancer and related side effects. Bioactive compounds can modulate the gut microbiota's metabolism, and short-chain fatty acid production shows cardioprotective effects and reduces the risk of colorectal cancer. Hence, it can be stated that the interaction between a medicinal plant-rich diet and the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in preventing colorectal cancer and cardiac arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, NOIDA, Uttar Pradesh, 201309, India
| | - Chakresh Kumar Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, NOIDA, Uttar Pradesh, 201309, India
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18
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Jayathilake AG, Luwor RB, Nurgali K, Su XQ. Molecular Mechanisms Associated with the Inhibitory Role of Long Chain n-3 PUFA in Colorectal Cancer. Integr Cancer Ther 2024; 23:15347354241243024. [PMID: 38708673 PMCID: PMC11072084 DOI: 10.1177/15347354241243024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. Multiple evidence suggests that there is an association between excess fat consumption and the risk of CRC. The long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are essential for human health, and both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that these fatty acids can prevent CRC development through various molecular mechanisms. These include the modulation of arachidonic acid (AA) derived prostaglandin synthesis, alteration of growth signaling pathways, arrest of the cell cycle, induction of cell apoptosis, suppression of angiogenesis and modulation of inflammatory response. Human clinical studies found that LC n-3 PUFA combined with chemotherapeutic agents can improve the efficacy of treatment and reduce the dosage of chemotherapy and associated side effects. In this review, we discuss comprehensively the anti-cancer effects of LC n-3 PUFA on CRC, with a main focus on the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodney Brain Luwor
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Muscular Skeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiao Qun Su
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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19
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Li L, Hu Y, Li X, Tian T. Mathematical modeling the gene mechanism of colorectal cancer and the effect of radiation exposure. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2024; 21:1186-1202. [PMID: 38303460 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2024050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is the result of continuous accumulation of gene mutations in normal cells. The number of mutations is different in different types of cancer and even in different patients with the same type of cancer. Therefore, studying all possible numbers of gene mutations in malignant cells is of great value for the understanding of tumorigenesis and the treatment of cancer. To this end, we applied a stochastic mathematical model considering the clonal expansion of any premalignant cells with different mutations to analyze the number of gene mutations in colorectal cancer. The age-specific colorectal cancer incidence rates from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry in the United States and the Life Span Study (LSS) in Nagasaki and Hiroshima, Japan are chosen to test the reasonableness of the model. Our fitting results indicate that the transformation from normal cells to malignant cells may undergo two to five driver mutations for colorectal cancer patients without radiation-exposed environment, two to four driver mutations for colorectal cancer patients with low level radiation-exposure, and two to three driver mutations for colorectal cancer patients with high level radiation-exposure. Furthermore, the net growth rate of the mutated cells with radiation-exposure was is higher than that of the mutated cells without radiation-exposure for the models with two to five driver mutations. These results suggest that radiation environment may affect the clonal expansion of cells and significantly affect the development of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Li
- School of Science, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, China
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Yulu Hu
- School of Science, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Science, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Tianhai Tian
- School of Mathematics, Monash University, Melbourne Vic 3800, Australia
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20
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Ng I, Luk IY, Nightingale R, Reehorst CM, Dávalos-Salas M, Jenkins LJ, Fong C, Williams DS, Watt MJ, Dhillon AS, Mariadason JM. Intestinal-specific Hdac3 deletion increases susceptibility to colitis and small intestinal tumor development in mice fed a high-fat diet. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G508-G517. [PMID: 37788331 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00160.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
High-fat (HF) diets (HFDs) and inflammation are risk factors for colon cancer; however, the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. The transcriptional corepressor HDAC3 has recently emerged as a key regulator of intestinal epithelial responses to diet and inflammation with intestinal-specific Hdac3 deletion (Hdac3IKO) in mice increasing fatty acid oxidation genes and the rate of fatty acid oxidation in enterocytes. Hdac3IKO mice are also predisposed to experimentally induced colitis; however, whether this is driven by the intestinal metabolic reprogramming and whether this predisposes these mice to intestinal tumorigenesis is unknown. Herein, we examined the effects of intestinal-specific Hdac3 deletion on colitis-associated intestinal tumorigenesis in mice fed a standard (STD) or HFD. Hdac3IKO mice were highly prone to experimentally induced colitis, which was further enhanced by an HFD. Hdac3 deletion also accelerated intestinal tumor development, specifically when fed an HFD and most notably in the small intestine where lipid absorption is maximal. Expression of proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism and oxidation (SCD1, EHHADH) were elevated in the small intestine of Hdac3IKO mice fed an HFD, and these mice displayed increased levels of lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and apoptosis in their villi, as well as extensive expansion of the stem cell and progenitor cell compartment. These findings reveal a novel role for Hdac3 in suppressing colitis and intestinal tumorigenesis, particularly in the context of consumption of an HFD, and reveal a potential mechanism by which HFDs may increase intestinal tumorigenesis by increasing fatty acid oxidation, DNA damage, and intestinal epithelial cell turnover.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We reveal a novel role for the transcriptional corepressor Hdac3 in suppressing colitis and intestinal tumorigenesis, particularly in the context of consumption of an HFD, and reveal a potential mechanism by which HFDs may increase intestinal tumorigenesis by increasing fatty acid oxidation, DNA damage, and intestinal epithelial cell turnover. We also identify a unique mouse model for investigating the complex interplay between diet, metabolic reprogramming, and tumor predisposition in the intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irvin Ng
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian Y Luk
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Nightingale
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Camilla M Reehorst
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mercedes Dávalos-Salas
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura J Jenkins
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chun Fong
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David S Williams
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pathology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew J Watt
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amardeep S Dhillon
- Institute of Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - John M Mariadason
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Kamal FD, Dagar M, Reza T, Karim Mandokhail A, Bakht D, Shahzad MW, Silloca-Cabana EO, Mohsin SN, Chilla SP, Bokhari SFH. Beyond Diet and Exercise: The Impact of Gut Microbiota on Control of Obesity. Cureus 2023; 15:e49339. [PMID: 38143595 PMCID: PMC10748854 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a widespread health concern characterized by the excessive accumulation of body fat, is a complex condition influenced by genetics, environment, and social determinants. Recent research has increasingly focused on the role of gut microbiota in obesity, highlighting its pivotal involvement in various metabolic processes. The gut microbiota, a diverse community of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract, interacts with the host in a myriad of ways, impacting energy metabolism, appetite regulation, inflammation, and the gut-brain axis. Dietary choices significantly shape the gut microbiota, with diets high in fat and carbohydrates promoting the growth of harmful bacteria while reducing beneficial microbes. Lifestyle factors, like physical activity and smoking, also influence gut microbiota composition. Antibiotics and medications can disrupt microbial diversity, potentially contributing to obesity. Early-life experiences, including maternal obesity during pregnancy, play a vital role in the developmental origins of obesity. Therapeutic interventions targeting the gut microbiota, including prebiotics, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, bacterial consortium therapy, and precision nutrition, offer promising avenues for reshaping the gut microbiota and positively influencing weight regulation and metabolic health. Clinical applications of microbiota-based therapies are on the horizon, with potential implications for personalized treatments and condition-based interventions. Emerging technologies, such as next-generation sequencing and advanced bioinformatics, empower researchers to identify specific target species for microbiota-based therapeutics, opening new possibilities in healthcare. Despite the promising outlook, microbiota-based therapies face challenges related to microbial selection, safety, and regulatory issues. However, with ongoing research and advances in the field, these challenges can be addressed to unlock the full potential of microbiota-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehak Dagar
- Internal Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Taufiqa Reza
- Medicine, Avalon University School of Medicine, Youngstown, USA
| | | | - Danyal Bakht
- Medicine and Surgery, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, PAK
| | | | | | - Syed Naveed Mohsin
- Orthopedics, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, IRL
- General Surgery, Cavan General Hospital, Cavan, IRL
| | - Srikar P Chilla
- Medicine, CARE Hospitals, Hyderabad, IND
- Health Sciences, University of East London, London, GBR
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22
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Kasprzak A. Prognostic Biomarkers of Cell Proliferation in Colorectal Cancer (CRC): From Immunohistochemistry to Molecular Biology Techniques. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4570. [PMID: 37760539 PMCID: PMC10526446 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and severe malignancies worldwide. Recent advances in diagnostic methods allow for more accurate identification and detection of several molecular biomarkers associated with this cancer. Nonetheless, non-invasive and effective prognostic and predictive testing in CRC patients remains challenging. Classical prognostic genetic markers comprise mutations in several genes (e.g., APC, KRAS/BRAF, TGF-β, and TP53). Furthermore, CIN and MSI serve as chromosomal markers, while epigenetic markers include CIMP and many other candidates such as SERP, p14, p16, LINE-1, and RASSF1A. The number of proliferation-related long non-coding RNAs (e.g., SNHG1, SNHG6, MALAT-1, CRNDE) and microRNAs (e.g., miR-20a, miR-21, miR-143, miR-145, miR-181a/b) that could serve as potential CRC markers has also steadily increased in recent years. Among the immunohistochemical (IHC) proliferative markers, the prognostic value regarding the patients' overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS) has been confirmed for thymidylate synthase (TS), cyclin B1, cyclin D1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and Ki-67. In most cases, the overexpression of these markers in tissues was related to worse OS and DFS. However, slowly proliferating cells should also be considered in CRC therapy (especially radiotherapy) as they could represent a reservoir from which cells are recruited to replenish the rapidly proliferating population in response to cell-damaging factors. Considering the above, the aim of this article is to review the most common proliferative markers assessed using various methods including IHC and selected molecular biology techniques (e.g., qRT-PCR, in situ hybridization, RNA/DNA sequencing, next-generation sequencing) as prognostic and predictive markers in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldona Kasprzak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Medical Sciences, Swiecicki Street 6, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
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23
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Wang JG, Jin XF, Huang YM, Xu ZF, Huang SJ, Zhu Y, Ai L, Hang T. TCF21 rs2327429 and TCF21 rs12190287 are associated with colorectal cancer in a Chinese population. Biomark Med 2023; 17:693-699. [PMID: 38197316 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2022-0750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims: TCF21 is considered a tumor suppressor gene. This work was designed to explore the associations between TCF21 polymorphisms and colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility. Methods: A case-control study was designed with 421 patients with CRC and 469 non-CRC controls. Six tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs2327429 T>C, rs2327430 T>C, rs2327433 A>G, rs12190287 C>G, rs7766238 G>A and rs4896011 T>A) were genotyped by ligase detection reaction of PCR. Results: TCF21 rs2327429 and rs12190287 polymorphisms were associated with CRC susceptibility in a Chinese Han population. Conclusion: rs2327429 and rs12190287 polymorphisms may be predictive of CRC susceptibility in Chinese Han populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Guo Wang
- Jiaxing Women & Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314000, China
| | - Xia-Fang Jin
- Jiaxing Women & Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314000, China
| | - Yi-Min Huang
- Jiaxing Women & Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314000, China
| | - Zheng-Fen Xu
- Jiaxing Women & Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314000, China
| | - Shou-Ju Huang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Yingjie Zhu
- Joint Training Base of Jiaxing College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Ling Ai
- Jiaxing Women & Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314000, China
| | - Tian Hang
- Jiaxing Women & Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314000, China
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24
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Chi XJ, Song YB, Liu DH, Wei LQ, Zhao AR, An X, Feng ZZ, Lan XH, Lv YM, Li HJ, Lan D, He HM. TRIM69: a marker of metastasis and potential sensitizer to 5-Fluorouracil and PD-1 blockers in colon adenocarcinoma. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:292. [PMID: 37653392 PMCID: PMC10470154 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02927-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several proteins in the tripartite-motif (TRIM) family are associated with the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), but research on the role of TRIM69 was lacking. The present study examined the correlation between TRIM69 expression and colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). METHODS mRNA sequencing data for COAD patients was extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas to analyze correlations between TRIM69 expression and patients' clinical features as well as survival. Potential associations with immune cells and chemosensitivity also were predicted using various algorithms in the TIMER, Limma, clusterProfiler, GeneMANIA, and Gene Set Cancer Analysis platforms. Subsequently, polymerase chain reaction analysis and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect TRIM69 expression in COAD tissue samples from real-world patients. RESULTS TRIM69 expression was lower in COAD tissues than in normal tissues and correlated with the pathologic stage and metastasis (M category). Additionally, TRIM69 was found to be involved in several immune-related pathways, notably the NOD-like signaling pathway. These results suggest that high TRIM69 expression has the potential to enhance tumor sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockers. CONCLUSIONS From our findings that TRIM69 expression was significantly reduced in COAD compared with non-cancer tissues and associated with pathologic stage and metastasis, we conclude that increasing TRIM69 expression and/or activity may help to improve therapeutic outcomes. Accordingly, TRIM69 represents a potentially valuable marker of metastasis and target for adjuvant therapy in COAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jv Chi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Guangxi Department of Education, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yi-Bei Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Guangxi Department of Education, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Deng-He Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Guangxi Department of Education, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Li-Qiang Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Guangxi Department of Education, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - An-Ran Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Guangxi Department of Education, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xin An
- Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Zi-Zhen Feng
- Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Lan
- Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yu-Meng Lv
- Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Hong-Jun Li
- Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Dong Lan
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Hui-Min He
- Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China.
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25
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Lamminmäki M, Leivonen A, Heinävaara S, Nygård M, Ursin G, Campbell S, Stefansdóttir H, Hirvonen E, Toikkanen S, Vejborg IMM, Njor SH, Sarkeala T. A population-based cohort study on changes in breast, lung and colorectal cancer incidence and mortality among non-Western immigrant women. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:665. [PMID: 37452314 PMCID: PMC10349457 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer risk varies geographically, and migrants are influenced by different risk factors before, during and after migration. Increased migration from non-Western countries to the Nordic countries calls for a better understanding of the migrants' cancer risk and the change in risk patterns over time. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence and mortality of breast, colorectal and lung cancer between non-Western immigrant and the native female population in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Norway. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data from national registries were processed and pre-analysed in each country. Multivariate Poisson regression models were used to model the relative differences in incidence and mortality as rate ratios (RR). The country-specific estimates and summary statistics were pooled together using a random effects model. RESULTS Non-Western immigrant women had significantly lower breast (RR 0.71, 0.65-0.78), colorectal (RR 0.72, 0.57-0.92) and lung (RR 0.55, 0.42-0.72) cancer incidence rates than native women, and the risk of these cancers among immigrant women increased with duration of residence. Differences were parallel in breast, colorectal and lung cancer mortality (RR 0.64, 0.55-0.74; RR 0.66, 0.48-0.92; RR 0.51, 0.34-0.79). Among immigrant women, higher education increased the risk for breast cancer and decreased it for lung cancer. CONCLUSION The results significantly complement and add to the previous findings of cancer burden and cancer burden transition among migrants and provide evidence of a prolonged cancer risk advantage among non-Western immigrant women. However, the findings show an increasing risk of lifestyle-related cancers with increasing duration of residence in the host country. Further studies are needed to discover underlying reasons for this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aku Leivonen
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Unioninkatu 22, 00130, Helsinki, Finland
- Data and Analytics Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sirpa Heinävaara
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Unioninkatu 22, 00130, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Nygård
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Giske Ursin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Elli Hirvonen
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Unioninkatu 22, 00130, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Salla Toikkanen
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Unioninkatu 22, 00130, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilse Merete Munk Vejborg
- Department of Breast Examinations, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sisse Helle Njor
- University Research Clinic for Cancer Screening, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tytti Sarkeala
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Unioninkatu 22, 00130, Helsinki, Finland
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Ma J, Wei Q, Cheng X, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Su J. Potential role of gut microbes in the efficacy and toxicity of immune checkpoints inhibitors. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1170591. [PMID: 37416062 PMCID: PMC10320001 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1170591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Immune checkpoint inhibitors have been extensively used in the treatment of a variety of cancers. However, the response rates ranging from 13% to 69% depending on the tumor type and the emergence of immune-related adverse events have posed significant challenges for clinical treatment. As a key environmental factor, gut microbes have a variety of important physiological functions such as regulating intestinal nutrient metabolism, promoting intestinal mucosal renewal, and maintaining intestinal mucosal immune activity. A growing number of studies have revealed that gut microbes further influence the anticancer effects of tumor patients through modulation of the efficacy and toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Currently, faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) have been developed relatively mature and suggested as an important regulator in order to enhance the efficacy of treatment. This review is dedicated to exploring the impact of differences in flora composition on the efficacy and toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors as well as to summarizing the current progress of FMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongtao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jianrong Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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27
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Malinowska D, Milewski R, Żendzian-Piotrowska M. Risk factors of colorectal cancer: the comparison of selected nutritional behaviors of medical and non-medical students. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2023; 42:50. [PMID: 37254180 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-023-00389-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to compare the diet of medical and non-medical students in relation to colorectal cancer risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 239 students of various universities in Bialystok, Poland. Respondents were divided into four groups: students of dietetics at the Medical University (SD), students of other fields of study at the Medical University (SMUB), students of the University of Technology (SBUT) and students of the University of Bialystok (SUB). The research tool was an anonymous questionnaire in an electronic form, designed by the authors of this paper. RESULTS Overweight was the least common among students of dietetics. Products that may increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer were most frequently consumed by students of non-medical universities. Everyday consumption of processed meat products was declared by 2.08% of SD, 24.00% of SMUB, 16.13% of SBUT and 25.93% of SUB. Red meat was consumed several times a week or every day by 25% of SD, 25.33% of SMUB, 48.39% of SBUT and 35.19% of SUB. Fast-food meals consumption once or several times a week was confirmed by 4.17% of SD, 18.67% of SMUB, 27.42% of SBUT and 38.89% of SUB. CONCLUSION The study conducted shows that students expose themselves to colorectal cancer risk factors through their diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Malinowska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Robert Milewski
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
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28
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Gomes V, Wiese D, Stroup A, Henry KA. Ethnic enclaves and colon cancer stage at diagnosis among New Jersey Hispanics. Soc Sci Med 2023; 328:115977. [PMID: 37301107 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ethnic enclaves are neighborhoods with high concentrations of individuals of the same ethnic origin. Researchers have hypothesized that residence in ethnic enclaves may contribute to cancer outcomes through detrimental or protective pathways. A limitation of previous work, however, is their cross-sectional approach whereby an individual's residence at the time of diagnosis was used to capture residence in an ethnic enclave at a single point in time. This study addresses this limitation by adopting a longitudinal approach to investigating the association between the duration of residence in an ethnic enclave and the colon cancer (CC) stage at diagnosis. Colon cancer incidence cases diagnosed between 2006 and 2014, for Hispanics aged 18 years and older from the New Jersey State Cancer Registry (NJSCR) were linked to residential histories obtained from a commercial database LexisNexis, Inc. We examined associations between residence in an enclave and stage at diagnosis using binary and multinomial logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, primary payer, and marital status. Among the 1076 Hispanics diagnosed with invasive colon cancer in New Jersey from 2006 to 2014, 48.4% lived in a Hispanic enclave at the time of diagnosis. Over the ten years preceding CC diagnosis, 32.6% lived in an enclave for the entire period. We found that Hispanics living in an ethnic enclave at diagnosis had significantly lower odds of distant-stage CC than Hispanics not living in an enclave at the time of diagnosis. Additionally, we found a significant association between living in an enclave for an extended period (e.g., over ten years) and lower odds of being diagnosed with distant stage CC. Integrating residential histories opens research possibilities to examine how minorities' residential mobility and residence in enclaves affect cancer diagnosis over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Gomes
- Temple University, Department of Geography, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Wiese
- Department of Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Antoinette Stroup
- New Jersey State Cancer Registry, Trenton, NJ, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University School of Public Health, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Kevin A Henry
- Temple University, Department of Geography, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Lepore Signorile M, Grossi V, Fasano C, Simone C. Colorectal Cancer Chemoprevention: A Dream Coming True? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087597. [PMID: 37108756 PMCID: PMC10140862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the deadliest forms of cancer worldwide. CRC development occurs mainly through the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, which can last decades, giving the opportunity for primary prevention and early detection. CRC prevention involves different approaches, ranging from fecal occult blood testing and colonoscopy screening to chemoprevention. In this review, we discuss the main findings gathered in the field of CRC chemoprevention, focusing on different target populations and on various precancerous lesions that can be used as efficacy evaluation endpoints for chemoprevention. The ideal chemopreventive agent should be well tolerated and easy to administer, with low side effects. Moreover, it should be readily available at a low cost. These properties are crucial because these compounds are meant to be used for a long time in populations with different CRC risk profiles. Several agents have been investigated so far, some of which are currently used in clinical practice. However, further investigation is needed to devise a comprehensive and effective chemoprevention strategy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Lepore Signorile
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis" Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
| | - Valentina Grossi
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis" Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
| | - Candida Fasano
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis" Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
| | - Cristiano Simone
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis" Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
- Medical Genetics, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonic Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Zeng Z, Liu Y, Wu K, Li D, Lai H, Zhang B. Efficacy and Safety of Fluoroscopy-Guided Self-Expandable Metal Stent Placement for Treatment of Malignant Colorectal Obstruction. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:939-947. [PMID: 35653010 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07557-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate long-term outcomes after SEMS insertion in patients with malignant colorectal obstruction and to identify the risk factors for complications. METHODS The data of 119 patients with malignant colorectal obstruction who received SEMS insertion between March 2014 and February 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups according to the intent of treatment, i.e., stenting as "bridge to surgery" (surgical group) and stenting for palliation (palliative group). Technical and clinical success rates and incidence of complications were compared between the two groups. RESULTS The overall technical and clinical success rates were 97.5% and 96.6%, respectively. The technical and clinical success rates and complication rate were comparable between the two groups. In the palliative group, the mean stent patency time was 230 days. Patency rates were not significantly different between primary CRC and recurrent CRC. Incidence of complications was higher in the palliative group than in the surgical group. In multivariate analysis, chemotherapy before stent implantation may increase the risk of stent-related complications, whereas chemotherapy after stent implantation did not. Additionally, the factors independently associated with complications were female sex and preoperative chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS SEMS under fluoroscopic guidance is a safe and effective treatment for malignant colorectal obstruction. For patients with resectable CRC, stent placement can serve as a bridge to elective surgery. It is worth noting that adjuvant chemotherapy between SEMS and surgery did not increase the complications. For patients with recurrent CRC, stent placement can relieve symptoms, alleviate pain, and improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofei Zeng
- Interventional Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Interventional Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ketong Wu
- Interventional Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- Interventional Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Lai
- Interventional Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Interventional Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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31
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Spatial and temporal patterns of colorectal cancer in Asia, 1990-2019. Int J Clin Oncol 2023; 28:255-267. [PMID: 36520255 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-022-02274-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asia accounts for the largest burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) worldwide. This study examines the temporal patterns of CRC in Asia in the last three decades. METHODS The data pertaining to CRC burden measured by incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted-life-years (DALYs) and its risk factors for 49 countries in the Asian continent were drawn from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study between 1990 and 2019. Mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) was employed as a proxy indicator of 5-year survival rates. RESULTS In Asia, incident cases more than tripled from 270,851 to 1.1 million, deaths tripled from 183,252 to 560,426, and DALYs more than doubled from 5 million to 13.4 million between 1990 and 2019. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) increased from 14.0/100,000 to 23.9/100,000, age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) increased from 10.1/100,000 to 12.5/100,000, and MIR decreased from 0.68 to 0.50 between 1990 and 2019. ASIR varied 10-folds across countries from 5.6/100,000 in Bangladesh to 62.0/100,000 in Taiwan in 2019 and ASMR from 4.9/1000 in Bangladesh to 30.3/100,000 in Brunei. In 2019, diet low in milk (18.7%) and whole grains (15.2%) and calcium (16.6%) were the major contributory risk factors in CRC DALYs in 2019. CONCLUSION CRC is a fast-rising neoplasm in Asia and its burden can be curtailed by focusing on primary prevention (e.g., diet and physical activity) and secondary prevention through screening. The policy focus and resources must be directed towards capacity building, including cancer infrastructure and quality data availability from cancer registries.
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DeYoreo M, Rutter CM, Lee SD. Use of 2-Stage Modeling to Identify How Colorectal Cancer Risk Changes With Period and Cohort. Am J Epidemiol 2023; 192:230-236. [PMID: 36222654 PMCID: PMC10308506 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwac177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence rates have decreased among adults aged 50 years or older while increasing in adults under age 50 years. Understanding these trends is challenging because of the multiple related time scales of age, diagnosis period, and birth cohort. We analyzed incidence rates of rectal, distal colon, and proximal colon cancer for individuals aged 20 years or more from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program for diagnosis years 1978-2017. We used a 2-stage generalized linear model to determine age, period, and cohort effects for CRC incidence. We first estimated birth cohort effects among people under age 45 years. We used these results to specify prior distributions for cohort effects in a Bayesian model to estimate period effects among people aged 45 years or more. There was no evidence of period effects for people under age 45 years. Risks of rectal and distal colon cancer increased for later birth cohorts. Compared with the 1943-1952 birth cohort, the 1983-1992 birth cohort had 2.2 times the risk of rectal cancer, 1.9 times the risk of distal colon cancer, and 1.3 times the risk of proximal colon cancer. For people aged ≥45 years, period effects showed declines in CRC risk that were attributable to screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria DeYoreo
- Correspondence to Dr. Maria DeYoreo, RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90401 (e-mail: )
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Mandic M, Li H, Safizadeh F, Niedermaier T, Hoffmeister M, Brenner H. Is the association of overweight and obesity with colorectal cancer underestimated? An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Eur J Epidemiol 2023; 38:135-144. [PMID: 36680645 PMCID: PMC9905196 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-022-00954-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Although high body-mass index (BMI) is associated with increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC), many CRC patients lose weight before diagnosis. BMI is often reported close to diagnosis, which may have led to underestimation or even reversal of direction of the BMI-CRC association. We aimed to assess if and to what extent potential bias from prediagnostic weight loss has been considered in available epidemiological evidence. We searched PubMed and Web of Science until May 2022 for systematic reviews and meta-analyses investigating the BMI-CRC association. Information on design aspects and results was extracted, including if and how the reviews handled prediagnostic weight loss as a potential source of bias. Additionally, we analyzed how individual cohort studies included in the latest systematic review handled the issue. Overall, 18 reviews were identified. None of them thoroughly considered or discussed prediagnostic weight loss as a potential source of bias. The majority (15/21) of cohorts included in the latest review did not exclude any initial years of follow-up from their main analysis. Although the majority of studies reported having conducted sensitivity analyses in which initial years of follow-up were excluded, results were reported very heterogeneously and mostly for additional exclusions of 1-2 years only. Where explicitly reported, effect estimates mostly increased with increasing length of exclusion. The impact of overweight and obesity on CRC risk may be larger than suggested by the existing epidemiological evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Mandic
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology - IBE, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Hengjing Li
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Safizadeh
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Niedermaier
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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Pourali G, Kazemi D, Pourali R, Rahmani N, Razzaghi E, Maftooh M, Fiuji H, Ghorbani E, Khazaei M, Ferns GA, Hassanian SM, Avan A. Bioactive Peptides: Potential Impact on the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancers. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:2450-2460. [PMID: 37877510 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128261378231019201709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
We have reviewed the potential use of bioactive peptides in the treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies, which are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Conventional therapies, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, are associated with numerous side effects that may lead to longterm complications. Bioactive peptides are short-chain amino acids that can be extracted from natural sources or synthesized, and they have various potential health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-cancer properties. Bioactive peptides can be acquired from animal or plant sources, and can be classified based on their function, such as ACE-inhibiting, antimicrobial, and electrolyte- regulating peptides. Recent studies have demonstrated the promising role of bioactive peptides in tumor suppression, especially when combined with conventional therapies. In this study, we have reviewed the beneficial properties of bioactive peptides and their role in suppressing tumor activity. The mechanisms of bioactive peptides in tumor suppression are discussed. We have further reviewed the findings of preclinical and clinical studies that have investigated the application of bioactive peptides in the treatment of GI cancers. This review highlights the potential use of bioactive peptides as a promising treatment method for GI malignancies to increase the quality of life of GI cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Pourali
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Danial Kazemi
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib Street, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roozbeh Pourali
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nafise Rahmani
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Erfan Razzaghi
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib Street, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mina Maftooh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Fiuji
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elnaz Ghorbani
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Connolly G, Clark CM, Campbell RE, Byers AW, Reed JB, Campbell WW. Poultry Consumption and Human Health: How Much Is Really Known? A Systematically Searched Scoping Review and Research Perspective. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:2115-2124. [PMID: 36351778 PMCID: PMC9776623 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This scoping review was conducted to systematically search and chronicle scientific literature pertinent to poultry intake and human health. The protocol (uploaded to Open Science Framework, https://osf.io/2k7bj/) was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews guidelines. Articles with observational and experimental research, narrative and systematic reviews, and meta-analyses were included. Among 13,141 articles identified, 525 met inclusion criteria. Among these 525 articles, 212 focused on cancer morbidity and mortality; 41 on cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality; 52 on CVD risk factors; 32 on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) morbidity and mortality; 33 on T2DM risk factors; and 42 on body weight and body composition. An "Other" category (181 articles) included nutrient status, psychological well-being/mental health, cognition, microbiome, chronic kidney disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, skin disorders, and fertility, among others. Among the 525 included articles, 366 were observational, 64 were experimental, and 76 were reviews and meta-analyses. Eighty-three percent of articles focused on adults or older adults. A paucity of research exists to support poultry as health-promoting foods, with most research only indirectly assessing poultry intake compared with other foods of interest (e.g., red meats or plant-based protein foods). No randomized controlled trials and only 1% of OBS assessed the influence of processed poultry intake on human health. In the future, the relative health effects of consuming poultry will be compared with a widening array of traditional and new protein-rich food products, necessitating the need for research to assess poultry as foods of choice. Science and health professionals, the poultry industry, and the public will benefit from new observational and experimental research to address cutting-edge scientific, public policy, and consumer topics pertinent to poultry intake and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Connolly
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Caroline M Clark
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Robyn E Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Adam W Byers
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jason B Reed
- Libraries and School of Information Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Wayne W Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Young EJ, Rajandran A, Philpott HL, Sathananthan D, Hoile SF, Singh R. Mucosal imaging in colon polyps: New advances and what the future may hold. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:6632-6661. [PMID: 36620337 PMCID: PMC9813932 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i47.6632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An expanding range of advanced mucosal imaging technologies have been developed with the goal of improving the detection and characterization of lesions in the gastrointestinal tract. Many technologies have targeted colorectal neoplasia given the potential for intervention prior to the development of invasive cancer in the setting of widespread surveillance programs. Improvement in adenoma detection reduces miss rates and prevents interval cancer development. Advanced imaging technologies aim to enhance detection without significantly increasing procedural time. Accurate polyp characterisation guides resection techniques for larger polyps, as well as providing the platform for the “resect and discard” and “do not resect” strategies for small and diminutive polyps. This review aims to collate and summarise the evidence regarding these technologies to guide colonoscopic practice in both interventional and non-interventional endoscopists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward John Young
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lyell McEwin Hospital, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Elizabeth Vale 5031, South Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia
| | - Arvinf Rajandran
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lyell McEwin Hospital, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Elizabeth Vale 5031, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hamish Lachlan Philpott
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lyell McEwin Hospital, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Elizabeth Vale 5031, South Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dharshan Sathananthan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lyell McEwin Hospital, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Elizabeth Vale 5031, South Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sophie Fenella Hoile
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lyell McEwin Hospital, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Elizabeth Vale 5031, South Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rajvinder Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lyell McEwin Hospital, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Elizabeth Vale 5031, South Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia
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Zhang Z, Yan X, Lu Y, Guo X, Jiao M, Wang W, Sun B, Zhou Y, Hu Q, Chu D. The prognostic impact of BMI on colorectal cancer is stratified by tumor location. Front Oncol 2022; 12:987518. [PMID: 36419882 PMCID: PMC9677941 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.987518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Recent studies have revealed the contrasting prognostic roles of body mass index (BMI) and tumor location in colorectal cancer (CRC). Given that right- and left-sided CRC may exhibit inverse effects on outcome and body weight, the present study aimed to examine whether the prognostic value of BMI and tumor location could be reciprocally stratified. Methods This prospective, observational study recruited 4,086 patients diagnosed with stage III CRC from five independent clinical centers in China. The association of patients’ outcomes with BMI and tumor location was evaluated hierarchically by Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional-hazards models. Results Although BMI was not associated with overall outcome, the association was significantly modified by tumor location. Among left-sided tumors, obesity and overweight were significantly associated with adverse overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). In contrast, among right-sided tumors, overweight was significantly associated with more favorable OS and DSS compared with the normal-weight group. The association of survival with tumor location did not reach statistical significance. However, hierarchical analysis by BMI revealed that left-sided tumors were associated with more favorable outcomes in the normal-weight group, while there was no statistically significant difference in the overweight or obese group. Conclusions BMI and tumor location may have opposing effects on CRC prognosis, when stratified by each other, after adjusting for other known prognostic factors. These findings are the first to show the interactive prognostic impact of BMI and tumor location, which could be relevant to the stratification of patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xueli Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaowen Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Min Jiao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Weizhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Boqian Sun
- Department of Hospital Management, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tianjin People’s Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qinglin Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Dake Chu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Dake Chu,
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Wang L, Knudsen MD, Lo CH, Wang K, He M, Polychronidis G, Hang D, He X, Zhong R, Wu K, Chan AT, Ogino S, Giovannucci EL, Song M. Adherence to a healthy lifestyle in relation to colorectal cancer incidence and all-cause mortality after endoscopic polypectomy: A prospective study in three U.S. cohorts. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:1523-1534. [PMID: 35716133 PMCID: PMC9474593 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
It remains unknown whether maintenance of a healthy lifestyle after endoscopic polypectomy could still confer benefit for colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality. In this study, we defined a healthy lifestyle score based on body mass index, smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption and diet (range, 0-5). We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) for the associations of healthy lifestyle score and individual lifestyle factors with CRC incidence and all-cause mortality. During a median of 10 years of follow-up of 24 668 participants who underwent endoscopic polypectomy, we documented 161 CRC cases and 4857 all-cause deaths. A higher healthy lifestyle score after endoscopic polypectomy was associated with lower risk of CRC and all-cause mortality. Compared with individuals with 0 to 1 healthy lifestyle factors, those with 2, 3 and 4 to 5 healthy lifestyle factors had a HR for CRC risk of 0.86 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.60-1.24), 0.73 (95% CI, 0.47-1.14) and 0.52 (95% CI, 0.27-1.01), respectively (Ptrend = .03). The corresponding HR (95% CI) for all-cause mortality was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.76-0.90), 0.63 (95% CI, 0.56-0.70) and 0.56 (95% CI, 0.48-0.65), respectively (Ptrend < .0001). In the joint analysis of pre- and postpolypectomy periods, patients with a healthy postpolypectomy lifestyle had a lower incidence of CRC regardless of their prepolypectomy exposure, whereas those with a healthy lifestyle in both periods had a lower mortality than those with an unhealthy lifestyle in either period. In conclusion, adherence to a healthy lifestyle after polypectomy may confer significant benefit for CRC prevention and reduction in all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Digestive Disease Center, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Markus D Knudsen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Section for colorectal cancer screening, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Norwegian PSC Research Center, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Chun-Han Lo
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mingming He
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Georgios Polychronidis
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Study Centre of the German Surgical Society, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dong Hang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaosheng He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Six Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Rong Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T. Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cancer Immunology Program, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward L. Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Jurek J, Owczarek M, Godos J, La Vignera S, Condorelli RA, Marventano S, Tieri M, Ghelfi F, Titta L, Lafranconi A, Gambera A, Alonzo E, Sciacca S, Buscemi S, Ray S, Del Rio D, Galvano F, Grosso G. Fish and human health: an umbrella review of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2022; 73:851-860. [PMID: 35758202 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2022.2090520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Fish represents one of the most important dietary sources of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are known to be associated with various health benefits. This study aimed to systematically review existing meta-analyses of observational studies exploring the association between fish intake and various health outcomes. A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted to retrieve a total of 63 studies. Evidence was deemed as possible for the association between higher fish intake and decreased risk of the acute coronary syndrome, liver cancer, and depression, and limited for other outcomes (including age-related macular degeneration, Alzheimer's disease, heart failure, all-cause and coronary heart disease mortality, total and ischaemic stroke) due to heterogeneity between results and potential otherwise inexplicable confounding factors. In conclusion, results from epidemiological studies support the mechanistic effects associated with omega-3 fatty acids from high fish consumption, but evidence needs to be further corroborated with more reliable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jurek
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Justyna Godos
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosita A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Marventano
- Rimini Women's Health, Childhood and Adolescent Department, AUSL Romagna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Maria Tieri
- SmartFood Program, Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ghelfi
- Fondazione De Marchi-Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lucilla Titta
- SmartFood Program, Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lafranconi
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Angelo Gambera
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Elena Alonzo
- Food and Nutrition Security and Public Health Service, ASP Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Silvio Buscemi
- Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sumantra Ray
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Ulster, UK
- School of the Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- School of Advanced Studies on Food and Nutrition, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK
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40
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Vivas-Valencia C, Zhou Y, Sai A, Imperiale TF, Kong N. A two-phase approach to re-calibrating expensive computer simulation for sex-specific colorectal neoplasia development modeling. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2022; 22:244. [PMID: 36117168 PMCID: PMC9482725 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-022-01991-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical evidence from more recent observational studies may significantly alter our understanding of disease incidence and progression, and would require recalibration of existing computational and predictive disease models. However, it is often challenging to perform recalibration when there are a large number of model parameters to be estimated. Moreover, comparing the fitting performances of candidate parameter designs can be difficult due to significant variation in simulated outcomes under limited computational budget and long runtime, even for one simulation replication. METHODS We developed a two-phase recalibration procedure. As a proof-of-the-concept study, we verified the procedure in the context of sex-specific colorectal neoplasia development. We considered two individual-based state-transition stochastic simulation models, estimating model parameters that govern colorectal adenoma occurrence and its growth through three preclinical states: non-advanced precancerous polyp, advanced precancerous polyp, and cancerous polyp. For the calibration, we used a weighted-sum-squared error between three prevalence values reported in the literature and the corresponding simulation outcomes. In phase 1 of the calibration procedure, we first extracted the baseline parameter design from relevant studies on the same model. We then performed sampling-based searches within a proper range around the baseline design to identify the initial set of good candidate designs. In phase 2, we performed local search (e.g., the Nelder-Mead algorithm), starting from the candidate designs identified at the end of phase 1. Further, we investigated the efficiency of exploring dimensions of the parameter space sequentially based on our prior knowledge of the system dynamics. RESULTS The efficiency of our two-phase re-calibration procedure was first investigated with CMOST, a relatively inexpensive computational model. It was then further verified with the V/NCS model, which is much more expensive. Overall, our two-phase procedure showed a better goodness-of-fit than the straightforward employment of the Nelder-Mead algorithm, when only a limited number of simulation replications were allowed. In addition, in phase 2, performing local search along parameter space dimensions sequentially was more efficient than performing the search over all dimensions concurrently. CONCLUSION The proposed two-phase re-calibration procedure is efficient at estimating parameters of computationally expensive stochastic dynamic disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Vivas-Valencia
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Martin C. Jischke Hall of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2032 USA
| | - You Zhou
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Martin C. Jischke Hall of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2032 USA
| | | | - Thomas F. Imperiale
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Richard A. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Nan Kong
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Martin C. Jischke Hall of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2032 USA
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41
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Grosso G, La Vignera S, Condorelli RA, Godos J, Marventano S, Tieri M, Ghelfi F, Titta L, Lafranconi A, Gambera A, Alonzo E, Sciacca S, Buscemi S, Ray S, Del Rio D, Galvano F. Total, red and processed meat consumption and human health: an umbrella review of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2022; 73:726-737. [PMID: 35291893 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2022.2050996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Meat consumption has represented an important evolutionary step for humans. However, modern patterns of consumption, including excess intake, type of meat and cooking method have been the focus of attention as a potential cause of rise in non-communicable diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between total, red and processed meat with health outcomes and to assess the level of evidence by performing a systematic search of meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies. Convincing evidence of the association between increased risk of (i) colorectal adenoma, lung cancer, CHD and stroke, (ii) colorectal adenoma, ovarian, prostate, renal and stomach cancers, CHD and stroke and (iii) colon and bladder cancer was found for excess intake of total, red and processed meat, respectively. Possible negative associations with other health outcomes have been reported. Excess meat consumption may be detrimental to health, with a major impact on cardiometabolic and cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosita A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Justyna Godos
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Marventano
- Childhood and Adolescent Department, Rimini Women's Health, AUSL Romagna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Maria Tieri
- Department of Experimental Oncology, SmartFood Program, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ghelfi
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione De Marchi, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucilla Titta
- Department of Experimental Oncology, SmartFood Program, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lafranconi
- University of Milano, Milan, Italy
- Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Angelo Gambera
- Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria Policlinico, Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Elena Alonzo
- Food and Nutrition Security and Public Health Service, ASP Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Silvio Buscemi
- Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sumantra Ray
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Ulster, UK
- School of the Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Food and Drug, Human Nutrition Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- School of Advanced Studies on Food and Nutrition, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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42
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Gao X, Yao Y, Chen X, Lin X, Yang X, Ho CT, Li B, Chen Z. Lentinan-functionalized selenium nanoparticles induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human colon carcinoma HCT-116 cells. Front Nutr 2022; 9:987807. [PMID: 36082027 PMCID: PMC9445625 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.987807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have gained extensive attention for their excellent biological activity and low toxicity. However, SeNPs are extremely liable to aggregate into non-bioactive or gray elemental selenium, which limits their application in the biomedicine field. This study aimed to prepare stable SeNPs by using lentinan (LNT) as a template and evaluate its anti-colon cancer activity. The average particle diameter of obtained lentinan-selenium nanoparticles (LNT-SeNPs) was approximately 59 nm and presented zero-valent, amorphous, and spherical structures. The monodisperse SeNPs were stabilized by LNT through hydrogen bonding interactions. LNT-SeNPs solution remained highly stable at 4°C for at least 8 weeks. The stability of LNT-SeNPs solution sharply decreased under high temperature and strong acidic conditions. LNT-SeNPs showed no obvious cytotoxic effect on normal cells (IEC-6) but significantly inhibited the proliferation of five colon cancer cells (HCT-116, HT-29, Caco-2, SW620, and CT26). Among them, LNT-SeNPs exhibited the highest sensitivity toward HCT-116 cells with an IC50 value of 7.65 μM. Also, LNT-SeNPs displayed better cancer cell selectivity than sodium selenite and selenomethionine. Moreover, LNT-SeNPs promoted apoptosis of HCT-116 cells through activating mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway. Meanwhile, LNT-SeNPs induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase in HCT-116 cells via modulation of cell cycle regulatory proteins. The results of this study indicated that LNT-SeNPs possessed strong potential application in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanting Yao
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xujie Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Lin
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Li,
| | - Zhongzheng Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhongzheng Chen,
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43
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Yu J, Feng Q, Kim JH, Zhu Y. Combined Effect of Healthy Lifestyle Factors and Risks of Colorectal Adenoma, Colorectal Cancer, and Colorectal Cancer Mortality: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:827019. [PMID: 35936678 PMCID: PMC9353059 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.827019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In addition to adiposity, lifestyle factors such as poor diet, low physical activity, alcohol intake and smoking are noted to be associated with the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aims to investigate the association and dose-response relationship between adherence to a healthy lifestyle and CRC risk. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE and EMBASE for studies examining multiple lifestyle factors with risk of CRC, incident colorectal adenoma (CRA), and CRC-specific mortality through June 2021 without restrictions on language or study design. Meta-analysis was performed to pool hazard ratios using random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were performed based upon study and sample characteristics. Random-effects dose-response analysis was also conducted for CRC risk to assess the effect of each additional healthy lifestyle factor. Results A total of 28 studies (18 cohort studies, eight case-control studies, and two cross-sectional study) were included. When comparing subjects with the healthiest lifestyle to those with the least healthy lifestyle, the pooled HR was statistically significant for CRC (0.52, 95% CI 0.44-0.63), colon cancer (0.54, 95% CI 0.44-0.67), rectal cancer (0.51, 95% CI 0.37-0.70), CRA (0.39, 95% CI 0.29-0.53), and CRC-specific mortality (0.65, 95% CI 0.52-0.81). The pooled HR for CRC was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.88-0.94) for each increase in the number of healthy lifestyles. The inverse association between healthy lifestyle and CRC risk was consistently observed in all subgroups (HR ranging from 0.26 to 0.86). Conclusions Adoption of a higher number of healthy lifestyles is associated with lower risk of CRC, CRA, and CRC-specific mortality. Promoting healthy lifestyle could reduce the burden of CRC. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=231398, identifier CRD42021231398.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhou Yu
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qi Feng
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jean H. Kim
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yimin Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, and Department of Respiratory Diseases of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yimin Zhu,
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Carroll KL, Frugé AD, Heslin MJ, Lipke EA, Greene MW. Diet as a Risk Factor for Early-Onset Colorectal Adenoma and Carcinoma: A Systematic Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:896330. [PMID: 35757246 PMCID: PMC9218641 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.896330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer in adults 50 years old and younger is increasing in incidence worldwide. Diet may be a modifiable risk factor. The objective of this study was to examine evidence regarding the association between diet and the risk of developing early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) and early-onset colorectal adenomas in young adults. Methods PUBMED, Web of Science, and Embase were systematically searched for studies examining dietary intake as a risk factor for EOCRC and early-onset colorectal adenomas. Results were synthesized narratively due to the heterogeneity of the studies. Results Of the 415 studies identified, ten met the inclusion criteria. Of these ten studies, four provided data on dietary risk factors for early-onset colorectal adenomas and six provided data on dietary risk factors for EOCRC. The four studies that measured colorectal adenoma occurrence reported an increased incidence with high sugar sweetened beverage intake, a higher pro-inflammatory diet, a higher Western diet score and higher sulfur microbial diet score. A protective effect against early-onset colorectal adenomas was observed in those who had a higher Prudent diet score or higher adherence to other health dietary approaches (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010, or the alternative Mediterranean diet). Those who consumed large amounts of deep-fried foods, refined foods, followed a high fat diet, consumed large amounts of sugary drinks and desserts, and had low folate and fiber consumption had a significantly higher occurrence of EOCRC. A protective effect against EOCRC was observed for those who consumed more fruits and vegetables, high amounts of micronutrients and those who adhered to a vegetarian diet. Conclusions The results of this study reveal various dietary habits may be risk factors or protective against early-onset colorectal cancer and adenomas. Future research should focus on large prospective cohort studies with long-term follow-up to confirm published results and further examine whether differences in diet quality are associated with EOCRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin L Carroll
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Andrew D Frugé
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Martin J Heslin
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Lipke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Michael W Greene
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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45
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Dawood M, Younus ZM, Alnori M, Mahmood S. The Biological Role of Advanced Glycation End Products in the Development and Progression of Colorectal Cancer. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
“Colorectal cancer” (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers, posing a scientific challenge and serving as a model for investigating the molecular pathways underlying its development. “Advanced glycation end products” (AGEs) have drawn interest in this context. The buildup of these diverse, chemically complex groups, which are formed by a “non-enzymatic interaction” between reducing sugar and a range of macromolecules, significantly increases “inflammation and oxidative stress” in the body, which has long been associated to cancer formation. The traditional pathways that promote AGE formation, as well as the significance of AGEs’ interaction with the receptor for “advanced glycation end products” (RAGE) and other means involved in CRC initiation and progression, are discussed in this review.
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46
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Zhu Y, Ma L, Wei W, Li X, Chang Y, Pan Z, Gao H, Yang R, Bi Y, Ding L. Metagenomics analysis of cultured mucosal bacteria from colorectal cancer and adjacent normal mucosal tissues. J Med Microbiol 2022; 71. [PMID: 35467501 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Multiple risk factors are involved in CRC development, including age, genetics, lifestyle, diet and environment. Of these, the role of the gut microbiota in cancer biology is increasingly recognized.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. Micro-organisms have been widely detected in stool samples, but few mucosal samples have been detected and sequenced in depth.Aim. Analysis of cultured mucosal bacteria from colorectal cancer and adjacent normal mucosal tissues with metagenomics sequencing.Methodology. Twenty-eight paired tumour and non-tumour tissues from 14 patients undergoing surgery for CRC were analysed. We removed the influence of eukaryotic cells via culture. The composition of mucosal microbiota in intestinal mucosa were detected and analysed with metagenomic sequencing.Results. Compared with non-cultured mucosal sample, 80 % bacteria species could be detected after culture. Moreover, after culture, additional 30 % bacteria could be detected, compared with non-cultured samples. Since after culture it was difficult to estimate the original abundance of microbiome, we focused on the identification of the CRC tissue-specific species. There were 298 bacterial species, which could only be cultured and detected in CRC tissues. Myroides odoratimimus and Cellulophaga baltica could be isolated from all the tumour samples of 14 CRC patients, suggesting that these species may be related to tumour occurrence and development. Further functional analysis indicated that bacteria from CRC tissues showed more active functions, including basic metabolism, signal transduction and survival activities.Conclusion. We used a new method based on culture to implement information on prokaryotic taxa, and related functions, which samples were from colorectal tissues. This method is suitable for removing eukaryotic contamination and detecting micro-organisms from other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Zhu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wenting Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yuxiao Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ruifu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yujing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
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Hajibabaie F, Abedpoor N, Assareh N, Tabatabaiefar MA, Shariati L, Zarrabi A. The Importance of SNPs at miRNA Binding Sites as Biomarkers of Gastric and Colorectal Cancers: A Systematic Review. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12030456. [PMID: 35330456 PMCID: PMC8954022 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12030456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated mRNA–miRNA profiles might have the prospective to be used for early diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancers, estimating survival, and predicting response to treatment. Here, a novel biomarker based on miRNAs binding to mRNAs in single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites related to gastrointestinal cancers is introduced that could act as an early diagnosis. The electronic databases used for the recruiting published articles included EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and PubMed, based on MESH keywords and PRISMA methodology. Based on the considered criteria, different experimental articles were reviewed, during which 15 studies with the desired criteria were collected. Accordingly, novel biomarkers in prediction, early prognosis, and diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancers were highlighted. Moreover, it was found that 20 SNP sites and 16 miRNAs were involved in gastrointestinal cancers, with altered expression patterns associated with clinicopathological and demographic data. The results of this systematic study revealed that SNPs could affect the binding of miRNAs in the SNP sites that might play a principal role in the progression, invasion, and susceptibility of gastrointestinal cancers. In addition, it was found that the profiles of SNPs and miRNAs could serve as a convenient approach for the prognosis and diagnosis of gastric and colorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hajibabaie
- Department of Physiology, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81595-158, Iran; (F.H.); (N.A.)
| | - Navid Abedpoor
- Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81595-158, Iran;
| | - Nazanin Assareh
- Department of Physiology, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81595-158, Iran; (F.H.); (N.A.)
| | - Mohammad Amin Tabatabaiefar
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran;
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Laleh Shariati
- Department of Biomaterials, Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
- Biosensor Research Center, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (A.Z.)
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Sariye, Istanbul 34396, Turkey
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (A.Z.)
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Lavrijssen BDA, Ruiter R, Fest J, Ikram MA, Stricker BH, van Eijck CHJ. Trends in Staging, Treatment, and Survival in Colorectal Cancer Between 1990 and 2014 in the Rotterdam Study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:849951. [PMID: 35252018 PMCID: PMC8889566 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.849951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to assess trends in patient-related factors and treatment strategies in Dutch colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and their effect on survival. Methods Data were obtained from the Rotterdam study, an ongoing population-based study of individuals aged ≥45 years. Between 1990 and 2014, incident, pathology-confirmed CRC cases were divided into two groups based on date of diagnosis (either before or after January 1, 2003). Patient characteristics, initial treatment, and date of mortality were collected. Analyses were performed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazard models. Results Of 14,928 individuals, 272 developed colon cancer and 124 rectal cancer. Median follow-up was 13.2 years. Patients diagnosed after January 1, 2003 were treated chemotherapeutically more often than those diagnosed prior to this date in colon cancer (28.6% vs. 9.1%, p = 0.02) and treated more often with chemotherapy (38.6% vs. 12.3%, p = 0.02) and radiotherapy (41.3% vs. 10.2%, p = 0.001) in rectal cancer. Overall survival, adjusted for patient, tumor characteristics, and treatment, improved in rectal cancer (HR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.13–0.74) but remained stable in colon cancer (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.84–1.95). Conclusion Chemotherapeutic agents and radiotherapy are increasingly used in CRC patients. Survival in rectal cancer improved, whereas in colon cancer this was not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit D. A. Lavrijssen
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rikje Ruiter
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maasstad hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jesse Fest
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Groene Hart Hospital, Gouda, Netherlands
| | - Mohammad A. Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bruno H. Stricker
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Bruno H. Stricker, ; orcid.org/0000-0003-3713-9762
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Li Z, Deng X, Luo J, Lei Y, Jin X, Zhu J, Lv G. Metabolomic Comparison of Patients With Colorectal Cancer at Different Anticancer Treatment Stages. Front Oncol 2022; 11:574318. [PMID: 35186705 PMCID: PMC8855116 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.574318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The difficulties of early diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) result in a high mortality rate. The ability to predict the response of a patient to surgical resection or chemotherapy may be of great value for clinicians when planning CRC treatments. Metabolomics is an emerging tool for biomarker discovery in cancer research. Previous reports have indicated that the metabolic profile of individuals can be significantly altered between CRC patients and healthy controls. However, metabolic changes in CRC patients at different treatment stages have not been explored. METHODS To this end, we performed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomic analysis to determine metabolite aberrations in CRC patients before and after surgical resection or chemotherapy. In general, a total of 106 urine samples from four clinical groups, namely, healthy volunteers (n = 31), presurgery CRC patients (n = 25), postsurgery CRC patients (n = 25), and postchemotherapy CRC patients (n = 25), were collected and subjected to further analysis. RESULTS In the present study, we identified five candidate metabolites, namely, N-phenylacetylglycine, succinate, 4-hydroxyphenylacetate, acetate, and arabinose, in CRC patients compared with healthy individuals, three of which were reported for the first time. Furthermore, approximately ten metabolites were uniquely identified at each stage of CRC treatment, serving as good candidates for biomarker panel selection. CONCLUSION In summary, these potential metabolite candidates may provide promising early diagnostic and monitoring approaches for CRC patients at different anticancer treatment stages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Guoqing Lv
- Department of Gastroinerstinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Abstract
Most patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) were diagnosed in advanced stage and the prognosis is poor. Therefore, early detection and prevention of CRC are very important. As with other cancers, there is also the tertiary prevention for CRC. The primary prevention is etiological prevention, which is mainly the treatment of adenoma or inflammation for preventing the development into cancer. The secondary prevention is the early diagnosis and early treatment for avoiding progressing to advanced cancer. The tertiary prevention belongs to the broad category of prevention, mainly for advanced CRC, through surgical treatment and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy for preventing tumor recurrence or metastasis. This consensus is based on the recent domestic and international consensus guidelines and the latest progress of international researches in the past five years. This consensus opinion seminar was hosted by the Chinese Society of Gastroenterology and Cancer Collaboration Group of Chinese Society of Gastroenterology, and was organized by the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology & Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. The consensus opinion contains 60 statement clauses, the standard and basis of the evidence-based medicine grade and voting grade of the statement strictly complied with the relevant international regulations and practice.
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