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Bonofiglio D. Effects of Mediterranean Diet on Chronic Degenerative Diseases and Human Healthy Lifestyle. Nutrients 2025; 17:1231. [PMID: 40218989 PMCID: PMC11990738 DOI: 10.3390/nu17071231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2025] [Accepted: 03/25/2025] [Indexed: 04/14/2025] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), known as chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancers, represent an important public concern, leading to prolonged disability and death [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy; ; Tel.: +39-0984-496208
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy
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Fazzi MC, Girelli CR, Migoni D, Fracasso B, Cesari G, Fanizzi FP. 1H-NMR-Based Metabolomic Profiles of Zucchini ( Cucurbita pepo L.) Grown with Different Agricultural Practices for Sustainable Crop Production. Foods 2025; 14:919. [PMID: 40231901 PMCID: PMC11941092 DOI: 10.3390/foods14060919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2025] [Revised: 02/28/2025] [Accepted: 03/04/2025] [Indexed: 04/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo subsp. pepo) is a seasonal vegetable (also known as courgette) characterized by health properties due to the content of several bioactive molecules. For this reason, the consumption of zucchini is highly recommended as a part of the Mediterranean diet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible influence of a specific compost supply for shifting the characteristics of an integrated agriculture toward a biodynamic standard following Demeter® certified rules. In particular, an approach based on 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analysis (MVA) was applied to analyze the differences between the metabolic profiles of the zucchini samples (with the same cultivar, Vitulia), obtained from three different agronomical practices: two focused agricultural systems (compost supplied and integrated), as well as the used benchmark (Demeter biodynamic certified). The obtained results showed that the samples from the plots managed with biofertilizer from compost showed similar behaviour to the samples managed under Demeter biodynamic certification, with higher content of some amino acids, such as arginine, and lower content of sugars than the samples from integrated farming. The concentration of twenty elements was then determined using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The averaged results of the elemental data appear almost parallel to the trend observed with the metabolomics approach. In the present case, the use of a specific compost as a biofertilizer has shown to promote the transition to the quality standards of the Demeter certification, significantly improving the crops' sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriana Carla Fazzi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.C.F.); (C.R.G.); (D.M.); (B.F.)
| | - Chiara Roberta Girelli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.C.F.); (C.R.G.); (D.M.); (B.F.)
| | - Danilo Migoni
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.C.F.); (C.R.G.); (D.M.); (B.F.)
| | - Beatrice Fracasso
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.C.F.); (C.R.G.); (D.M.); (B.F.)
| | - Gianluigi Cesari
- Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Via Ceglie 9, 70010 Valenzano, Italy;
| | - Francesco Paolo Fanizzi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.C.F.); (C.R.G.); (D.M.); (B.F.)
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Christodoulou CC, Pitsillides M, Hadjisavvas A, Zamba-Papanicolaou E. Dietary Intake, Mediterranean and Nordic Diet Adherence in Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2025; 17:336. [PMID: 39861466 PMCID: PMC11767999 DOI: 10.3390/nu17020336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2024] [Revised: 01/13/2025] [Accepted: 01/14/2025] [Indexed: 01/27/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Dementia is not a single disease but an umbrella term that encompasses a range of symptoms, such as memory loss and cognitive impairments, which are severe enough to disrupt daily life. One of the most common forms of dementia is Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a complex neurodegenerative condition influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Recent research has highlighted diet as a potential modifiable risk factor for AD. Decades of research have explored the role of dietary patterns, including the Mediterranean Diet (MD) and its components, in neuroprotection and cognitive health. Systematic review examines studies investigating the impact of the Mediterranean Diet, Mediterranean-like diets, the Nordic Diet (ND), dietary intake patterns, and specific components such as extra virgin olive oil and rapeseed oil on cognitive function, disease onset, and progression in AD and dementia. METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed, the Directory of Open Access Journals, and the Social Science Research Network was conducted independently by two reviewers using predefined search terms. The search period included studies from 2006 to 2024. Eligible studies meeting the inclusion criteria were systematically reviewed, yielding 88 studies: 85 focused on the MD and its relationship to AD and dementia, while only 3 investigated the ND. RESULTS The findings suggest that adherence to the Mediterranean and Nordic diets is generally associated with improved cognitive function and delayed cognitive decline and that adherence to both these diets can improve cognitive function. Some studies identified that higher legume consumption decreased dementia incidence, while fruits and vegetables, carbohydrates, and eggs lowered dementia prevalence. Most studies demonstrated that high MD or ND adherence was associated with better cognitive function and a lower risk of poor cognition in comparison to individuals with lower MD or ND adherence. However, some studies reported no significant benefits of the MD on cognitive outcomes, while two studies indicated that higher red meat consumption was linked to better cognitive function. CONCLUSION Despite promising trends, the evidence remains varying across studies, underscoring the need for further research to establish definitive associations between diet and cognitive function. These findings highlight the essential role of dietary interventions in the prevention and management of dementia and AD, therefore offering critical insights into the underlying mechanisms by which the diet may impact brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana C. Christodoulou
- Neuroepidemiology Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (C.C.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Michalis Pitsillides
- Neuroepidemiology Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (C.C.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Andreas Hadjisavvas
- Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics and Ultrastructural Pathology Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus
| | - Eleni Zamba-Papanicolaou
- Neuroepidemiology Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (C.C.C.); (M.P.)
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Keshani M, Sadeghi N, Tehrani SD, Ahmadi AR, Sharma M. Mediterranean diet enriched with olive oil shows no consistent benefits on cardiometabolic and anthropometric parameters: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:2835-2857. [PMID: 39153124 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03478-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of death worldwide but there is a variation in its burden across some nations that seems to be related to dietary habits. Mediterranean populations have lower rates of morbidity and mortality from CVD. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the impacts of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) enriched with olive oil on blood lipids, glycemic indices, blood pressure, and anthropometric indices. METHODS A comprehensive search of the Web of Science, PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Embase, and CINAHL databases until March 2024 was conducted to identify clinical trials studying the effects of MedDiet enriched with olive oil on the aforementioned parameters. RESULTS In total, 3303 records were retrieved. A total of 18 clinical trials met the inclusion criteria after records were screened for eligibility. According to the pooled analysis from the random-effects model, the MedDiet enriched with olive oil significantly reduced triglycerides (TG) compared with the control group (WMD = -2.40 mg/dl; 95%CI, -4.533 to -0.262; P = 0.027). Strong heterogeneity was observed. Sensitivity analysis did not change our results and no significant effect of any trial on the overall effect sizes of all variables were found. There was a concern about the reporting bias for some studies which reported some main outcomes. CONCLUSION MedDiet enriched with olive oil showed no consistent effects on any of the reported markers of cardiovascular health except on TG. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION CRD42023424641.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Keshani
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Narges Sadeghi
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Science, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sahar Dadkhah Tehrani
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Manoj Sharma
- Department of Social & Behavioral Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, NV, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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Del Saz-Lara A, Saz-Lara A, Cavero-Redondo I, Pascual-Morena C, Mazarío-Gárgoles C, Visioli F, López de Las Hazas MC, Dávalos A. Association between olive oil consumption and all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality in adult subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Funct 2024; 15:11640-11649. [PMID: 39523824 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo04161e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Background: The Mediterranean diet is characterized by the preferential use of olive oil (OO) and has been associated with health benefits possibly mediated by its bioactive compounds. Objectives: We aimed to analyze the association between OO consumption and changes in all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and cancer mortality in the adult population. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using the Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases up to October 2024. DerSimonian and Laird's random effects method was used to calculate pooled estimates of hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) to determine the association between OO use and changes in all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and cancer mortality. Results: Fourteen studies were included in the systematic review and seven in the meta-analysis. Our results showed an association between OO consumption and reduction in all-cause mortality (HR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.80-0.91), cardiovascular mortality (HR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.76-0.93) and cancer mortality (HR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.86-0.93). Conclusions: Consumption of OO particularly reduces cardiovascular mortality (16%), followed by all-cause mortality (15%) and cancer mortality (11%) in the adult population. However, further studies are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Del Saz-Lara
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain
- CarVasCare Research Group (2023-GRIN-34459), Facultad de Enfermería de Cuenca, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain.
| | - Alicia Saz-Lara
- CarVasCare Research Group (2023-GRIN-34459), Facultad de Enfermería de Cuenca, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain.
| | - Iván Cavero-Redondo
- CarVasCare Research Group (2023-GRIN-34459), Facultad de Enfermería de Cuenca, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain.
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Talca, Chile
| | - Carlos Pascual-Morena
- Health and Social Research Center, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Facultad de Enfermería de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha - Campus Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - Carmen Mazarío-Gárgoles
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Francesco Visioli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - María-Carmen López de Las Hazas
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Alberto Dávalos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid 28029, Spain
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Teraž K, Pus K, Pišot S, Cikač A, Šimunič B. Relationship Between Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Body Composition Parameters in Older Adults from the Mediterranean Region. Nutrients 2024; 16:3598. [PMID: 39519431 PMCID: PMC11547514 DOI: 10.3390/nu16213598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2024] [Revised: 10/16/2024] [Accepted: 10/19/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the rapid spread of various communication media has led to changes in traditional eating habits. In the Mediterranean region, the classic (Mediterranean) dietary pattern has been lost as a result. This has led to a shift in eating habits towards unhealthy eating patterns, which in turn has resulted in an inadequate distribution of body composition. It is known that, among other things, the number of non-communicable diseases increases with the inadequate distribution of body composition. The aim of our study was to examine the level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) of older adults in the Mediterranean region in relation to specific body composition parameters. This study included 521 older adults with a mean age of 69.6 ± 6.3 years. Body composition was measured using the BIA 101 Anniversary device (Akern s.r.l., Florence, Italy) and adherence to the MD was assessed using the MEDLIFE index questionnaire. This study found significant differences in body composition between males and females. The mean adherence to the MD was 17.0 ± 3.3 points among the participants and there was higher adherence in females (p = 0.002, ηp2 = 0.019). A multiple linear regression was performed to assess the relationship between the body composition parameters and MD. Multiple linear regression models were significant for reactance, fat mass (%), fat-free mass (%), skeletal muscle index, and total body water (%), with specific individual MEDLIFE items such as the consumption of processed meat, meat, white meat, fruit, vegetables, olive oil and limiting snacks between meals. Moreover, promising correlations were found between certain MD characteristics and BIA parameters, but the overall health effects of the MD remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Teraž
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34100 Trieste, Italy
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Garibaldijeva 1, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Pus
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Garibaldijeva 1, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Gortanova 22, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of health sciences, Alma Mater Europaea University, Slovenska ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Saša Pišot
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Garibaldijeva 1, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Ana Cikač
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Garibaldijeva 1, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Boštjan Šimunič
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Garibaldijeva 1, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
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Kakarla R, Vinjavarapu LA, Krishnamurthy S. Diet and Nutraceuticals for treatment and prevention of primary and secondary stroke: Emphasis on nutritional antiplatelet and antithrombotic agents. Neurochem Int 2024; 179:105823. [PMID: 39084351 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a devastating disease that causes morbidity and mortality. Malnutrition following ischemic stroke is common in stroke patients. During the rehabilitation, the death rates of stroke patients are significantly increased due to malnutrition. Nutritional supplements such as protein, vitamins, fish, fish oils, moderate wine or alcohol consumption, nuts, minerals, herbal products, food colorants, marine products, fiber, probiotics and Mediterranean diets have improved neurological functions in stroke patients as well as their quality of life. Platelets and their mediators contribute to the development of clots leading to stroke. Ischemic stroke patients are treated with thrombolytics, antiplatelets, and antithrombotic agents. Several systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical trials recommended that consumption of these nutrients and diets mitigated the vascular, peripheral, and central complications associated with ischemic stroke (Fig. 2). Particularly, these nutraceuticals mitigated the platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation that intended to reduce the risks of primary and secondary stroke. Although these nutraceuticals mitigate platelet dysfunction, there is a greater risk of bleeding if consumed excessively. Moreover, malnutrition must be evaluated and adequate amounts of nutrients must be provided to stroke patients during intensive care units and rehabilitation periods. In this review, we have summarized the importance of diet and nutraceuticals in ameliorating neurological complications and platelet dysfunction with an emphasis on primary and secondary prevention of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishna Kakarla
- KL College of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, 522302, India
| | | | - Sairam Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (IIT BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Giovannini M, Fogacci F, D’Addato S, Grandi E, Borghi C, Cicero AFG. Healthy Eating beyond Whole Grains-Insight on Associations between Diet Quality and Arterial Stiffness in the Brisighella Heart Study Cohort. Nutrients 2024; 16:2792. [PMID: 39203928 PMCID: PMC11357628 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Although whole grains have well-recognized protective effects against the development of cardiometabolic diseases, whole grain foods are poorly consumed by the general population. The aim of our study was to establish, at a population level, the vascular impact of a low intake of whole grain foods. From the initial cohort of the Brisighella Heart Study, we identified a population sample of 1503 individuals-including 720 men (47.9%) and 783 women (52.1%)-who overall largely consumed refined grain products. Diet quality was estimated by the Short Healthy Eating Index (sHEI), and women were found to have an eating pattern that was overall healthier than men (44.1 ± 8.5 vs. 36.3 ± 8.1, p < 0.001). The development of an age- and blood pressure (BP)-adjusted multiple linear regression model found that carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) was significantly predicted by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, B = -0.148, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) -0.259--0.038, p < 0.001), serum uric acid (SUA, B = 0.220, 95%CI 0.095-0.320, p = 0.001) and sHEI (B = -0.231, 95%CI -327--0.089, p < 0.001) in men, and by eGFR (B = -0.152, 95%CI -0.266--0.052, p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI, B = 0.174, 95%CI 0.111-0.331, p = 0.002), SUA (B = 0.278, 95%CI 0.158-0.354, p < 0.001) and sHEI (B = -0.218, 95%CI -308--0.115, p < 0.001) in women. Ultimately, a low sHEI score was a significant predictor of arterial stiffness also in a population cohort with a high consumption of refined grain products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Giovannini
- Hypertension and Atherosclerosis Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.G.); (S.D.); (E.G.); (C.B.); (A.F.G.C.)
| | - Federica Fogacci
- Hypertension and Atherosclerosis Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.G.); (S.D.); (E.G.); (C.B.); (A.F.G.C.)
| | - Sergio D’Addato
- Hypertension and Atherosclerosis Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.G.); (S.D.); (E.G.); (C.B.); (A.F.G.C.)
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Grandi
- Hypertension and Atherosclerosis Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.G.); (S.D.); (E.G.); (C.B.); (A.F.G.C.)
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Hypertension and Atherosclerosis Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.G.); (S.D.); (E.G.); (C.B.); (A.F.G.C.)
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Arrigo F. G. Cicero
- Hypertension and Atherosclerosis Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.G.); (S.D.); (E.G.); (C.B.); (A.F.G.C.)
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Jannasch F, Nickel DV, Kuxhaus O, Schulze MB. Longitudinally changed diet quality scores and their association with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases in the EPIC-Potsdam study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13907. [PMID: 38886373 PMCID: PMC11183239 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63899-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Association analyses between longitudinal changes in diet quality scores (DQIs) and cardiometabolic risk remain scarce. Hence, we aimed to investigate how changes in two DQIs are associated with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D), myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke in the EPIC-Potsdam study. Changes in the Mediterranean Pyramid Score (MedPyr) and Healthy Diet Score (HDS) over 7 years from baseline (1994-1998) to follow-up 3 (2001-2005) were investigated in 23,548 middle-aged participants. Adjusted Cox Proportional Hazards Regression models were applied to investigate associations between changes in MedPyr and HDS and chronic disease incidence. More than 60% of the participants increased both DQIs more than 5%. Within a median follow-up time of 5 years 568 cases of T2D, 171 of MI, 189 of stroke were verified. An increased compared to stable MedPyr was associated with lower T2D risk (HR 0.74; 95% CI 0.59-0.92), while a decreased MedPyr was associated with higher stroke risk (HR 1.67; 95% CI 1.02-2.72). A decreased compared to stable HDS was associated with higher stroke risk (HR 1.80; 95% CI 1.02-3.20). The findings contribute further evidence on advantages of changing dietary intake towards a Mediterranean Diet. Although baseline HDS adherence was associated with T2D and stroke risk, longitudinal changes in HDS were only significantly associated with stroke risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Jannasch
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
- NutriAct Competence Cluster for Nutrition Research, Berlin-Potsdam, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Daniela V Nickel
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- NutriAct Competence Cluster for Nutrition Research, Berlin-Potsdam, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Olga Kuxhaus
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- NutriAct Competence Cluster for Nutrition Research, Berlin-Potsdam, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
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Duarte A, Martins J, Silva MJ, Augusto C, Martins SP, Rosário R. The Role of Parental Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Family Time Together in Children's Weight Status: The BeE-School Project. Nutrients 2024; 16:916. [PMID: 38612950 PMCID: PMC11013135 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The family context has been associated with children's weight status. This study aims to investigate the association of parents' adherence to the Mediterranean diet and family time with the weight status of children. The research is part of BeE-school, a cluster-randomized trial implemented in primary schools located in socially vulnerable contexts. A total of 735 children (380 boys and 355 girls) aged 6 to 10 participated in the study. Anthropometrics were assessed during school time, and weight status was categorized, while parents self-reported sociodemographic variables, adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MEDAS questionnaire), and family time. Children from families with higher education levels whose parents have a high adherence to the Mediterranean diet have lower odds of overweight/obesity (odds ratio (OR) 0.301, 95% CI 0.143-0.634, p = 0.002). Also, children from families with lower education levels who have more time together with their family have lower odds of overweight/obesity (OR 0.731, 95% CI 0.573-0.934, p = 0.012). The family environment, mainly family time together and adherence to the Mediterranean diet, exerts a significant influence on children's weight status. Professionals working in children's health should consider the family when fostering health-promoting behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Duarte
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra, Avenida Bissaya Barreto, Polo C, 3046-851 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.M.); (M.J.S.); (C.A.); (S.P.M.); (R.R.)
- School of Nursing, University of Minho, Edifício 4, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Research Centre on Nursing (CiEnf), School of Nursing, University of Minho, Edifício 4, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Research Centre on Child Studies (CIEC-UM), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Juliana Martins
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra, Avenida Bissaya Barreto, Polo C, 3046-851 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.M.); (M.J.S.); (C.A.); (S.P.M.); (R.R.)
- School of Nursing, University of Minho, Edifício 4, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Research Centre on Nursing (CiEnf), School of Nursing, University of Minho, Edifício 4, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria José Silva
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra, Avenida Bissaya Barreto, Polo C, 3046-851 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.M.); (M.J.S.); (C.A.); (S.P.M.); (R.R.)
- School of Nursing, University of Minho, Edifício 4, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Research Centre on Nursing (CiEnf), School of Nursing, University of Minho, Edifício 4, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Augusto
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra, Avenida Bissaya Barreto, Polo C, 3046-851 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.M.); (M.J.S.); (C.A.); (S.P.M.); (R.R.)
- School of Nursing, University of Minho, Edifício 4, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Research Centre on Nursing (CiEnf), School of Nursing, University of Minho, Edifício 4, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Silvana Peixoto Martins
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra, Avenida Bissaya Barreto, Polo C, 3046-851 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.M.); (M.J.S.); (C.A.); (S.P.M.); (R.R.)
- ProChild CoLAB Against Poverty and Social Exclusion Association, Campus de Couros, Rua Vila Flor, 166, 4810-225 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rafaela Rosário
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra, Avenida Bissaya Barreto, Polo C, 3046-851 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.M.); (M.J.S.); (C.A.); (S.P.M.); (R.R.)
- School of Nursing, University of Minho, Edifício 4, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Research Centre on Nursing (CiEnf), School of Nursing, University of Minho, Edifício 4, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Research Centre on Child Studies (CIEC-UM), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Ozel‐Tasci C, Gulec S. Golden thistle ( Scolymus hispanicus L.) hydromethanolic extracts ameliorated glucose absorption and inflammatory markers in vitro. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:7974-7984. [PMID: 38107090 PMCID: PMC10724633 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Golden thistle (GT, Scolymus hispanicus L.) is an edible plant native to the Mediterranean. Several activities have been reported for the GT, as it is used for traditional medicinal purposes in some cultures. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of GT crude extract on phenolic bioavailability, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities by using colonic epithelium (CaCo-2) and murine macrophage (RAW 264.7) cell lines. The CaCo-2 cells were grown on the bicameral membrane system for intestinal bioavailability and glucose efflux. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.5 μg/mL) was used to induce systemic inflammation on RAW 264.7. The inflammatory medium of RAW 264.7 cells was given to Caco-2 cells to mimic colonic inflammation. Our results showed that 5-o-caffeoylquinic acid had an apparent permeability of (1.82 ± 0.07) × 10-6 cm/s after 6 h. The extract lowered the glucose efflux by 39.4%-42.6%, in addition to the reductions in relative GLUT2 mRNA expressions by 49%-66% in pre- and co-treatments (p < .05). Decreases in systemic inflammation markers of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were also detected in 30%-45% range after pre-treatments with the GT extract (p < .05). Lastly, colonic inflammation markers of IL-6 and IL-8 were reduced by 8.7%-19.5% as a result of GT pre-treatments (p < .05). Thus, an in vitro investigation of GT extract revealed promising results on antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Ozel‐Tasci
- Department of Food Engineering, Molecular Nutrition and Cell Physiology LaboratoryIzmir Institute of TechnologyUrlaIzmirTurkey
| | - Sukru Gulec
- Department of Food Engineering, Molecular Nutrition and Cell Physiology LaboratoryIzmir Institute of TechnologyUrlaIzmirTurkey
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12
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Binsaeed B, Aljohani FG, Alsobiai FF, Alraddadi M, Alrehaili AA, Alnahdi BS, Almotairi FS, Jumah MA, Alrehaili AT. Barriers and Motivators to Weight Loss in People With Obesity. Cureus 2023; 15:e49040. [PMID: 38116343 PMCID: PMC10729542 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity has become a global public health challenge with associated health risks. Effective weight-loss interventions are crucial to mitigating these risks and improving overall well-being. However, individuals with obesity often encounter various barriers that hinder their weight loss efforts, while specific motivators can drive them towards successful outcomes. This systematic review aimed to explore the barriers and motivators to weight loss in people with obesity. METHODS A literature search was conducted using relevant keywords in electronic databases such as PubMed, Medline, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar. Studies published in peer-reviewed journals during the last 10 years were considered for inclusion. We included studies investigating both barriers and/or motivators to weight loss published in English. RESULTS The findings showed that motivators for weight loss include health concerns, body satisfaction, family support, normalcy restoration, emotional encouragement, self-determination, and mindful food choices. Motivators involve exercise facilities, balanced diets, and assistance from healthcare providers, peers, friends, or family. Gender influences healthcare providers' influence on weight loss, with women trusting providers more while men lean towards medication options. Healthcare providers play a role in impacting weight loss through discussions and educating patients. Age also influences motivators; adolescents emphasize health, self-esteem, and bullying avoidance, while young women focus on lifestyle influence, resources, and joy. Barriers include insufficient self-control, physical pain, time constraints, dietary restrictions, and a lack of support. Logistical issues, patient readiness, healthcare providers' views, resource scarcity, and social dynamics are also barriers. Dietary barriers involve triggers, emotional states, and limited healthy options. School-aged children with obesity face curriculum challenges and resource scarcity. CONCLUSION These findings show the intricate interplay between motivators and barriers, underscoring the multifaceted nature of weight loss in people with obesity. Targeted interventions that address these factors holistically are essential for successful weight management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alya A Alrehaili
- College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Bushra S Alnahdi
- College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
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Kontopoulou L, Kotsiou OS, Tourlakopoulos K, Karpetas G, Paraskevadaki EV, Malli F, Pantazopoulos I, Daniil Z, Gourgoulianis KI. Physical Health-Related Quality of Life in Relation to Mediterranean Diet Adherence in a Sample of Greek Asthma Patients: A Pilot Study. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1512. [PMID: 37888123 PMCID: PMC10608726 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13101512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of nutrition in the management of asthma in obese patients is of increasing interest due to their limited response to inhaled corticosteroids. Some studies note that through diet and lifestyle, there can be an improvement in asthma control. The aim of the present study was to investigate the adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and its association with asthma severity and quality of life in patients with bronchial asthma. This is a cross-sectional study of 85 patients (70.6% female), with a mean age of 57 years, from the General University Hospital of Larissa and, more specifically, patients of the outpatient asthma clinic. Data were collected with the use of specific questionnaires. In relation to BMI, 12.9% of participants were of a normal weight, 45.9% were overweight, 25.9% were obese level I, 5.9% were obese level II, and 9.4% were in the morbidly obese range. Based on the Med Diet Score (ranging from 21 to 35), most participants (85.9%) reported moderate adherence to the Mediterranean Diet. Further analysis examined the correlations of the PCS-12 score with the frequency of consumption of each of the 11 food categories, as well as all demographic and health behavior variables. The ranked correlations indicated a significant relationship between PCS-12 score and Med Diet adherence and the consumption of alcoholic beverages (r = 0.437, p < 0.05), in accordance with the Mediterranean Diet suggestions, as well as a negative relationship with BMI score (r = -0.454, p < 0.010). Moreover, significant correlations were also present between the physical quality of life and AQLQ score and work type, as well as gender, age, and marital status. The results of our study showed a high rate of obesity in patients with asthma at the General University Hospital of Larissa and moderate adherence to the Mediterranean Diet. Increased BMI and alcoholic beverage consumption in asthma patients were significant predictors of lower physical health-related quality of life. In conclusion, personal and society-level interventions are required to effectively address obesity and poor diet in patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamprini Kontopoulou
- Respiratory Disorders Lab, Faculty of Nursing, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Ourania S. Kotsiou
- Respiratory Disorders Lab, Faculty of Nursing, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece;
- Department of Human Pathophysiology, Faculty of Nursing, University of Thessaly, 41500 Gaiopolis, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tourlakopoulos
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Biopolis, Greece; (K.T.); (G.K.); (I.P.); (Z.D.); (K.I.G.)
| | - Georgios Karpetas
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Biopolis, Greece; (K.T.); (G.K.); (I.P.); (Z.D.); (K.I.G.)
| | | | - Foteini Malli
- Respiratory Disorders Lab, Faculty of Nursing, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece;
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Biopolis, Greece; (K.T.); (G.K.); (I.P.); (Z.D.); (K.I.G.)
| | - Ioannis Pantazopoulos
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Biopolis, Greece; (K.T.); (G.K.); (I.P.); (Z.D.); (K.I.G.)
| | - Zoe Daniil
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Biopolis, Greece; (K.T.); (G.K.); (I.P.); (Z.D.); (K.I.G.)
| | - Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Biopolis, Greece; (K.T.); (G.K.); (I.P.); (Z.D.); (K.I.G.)
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Munawir Alhejely MM, Shibli KY, Hamed Almalki WA, Felemban GMB, Alluhaybi HS, Majrashi BM, Bakhsh BY. Influence of Lifestyle Changes on Cardiovascular Diseases in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Literature Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e40075. [PMID: 37425506 PMCID: PMC10326797 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In Saudi Arabia, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has undergone tremendous socio-economic development and urbanization over the past few decades, which has profoundly changed the lifestyle leading to several risk factors that contribute to the high prevalence of CVD. This systematic review identified significant lifestyle factors associated with CVD risk in order to inform effective interventions to decrease the CVD burden in Saudi Arabia. We researched all published articles and reports evaluating CVD risk factors in Saudi Arabia in the last four years from the following databases: Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase. A total of 19 articles and 1 report were included. Physical inactivity was among 69.4% of the population, mostly among Saudi women, and was associated with 1.4-1.5 odds of CVD. Obesity prevalence was 49.6%-57% and was associated with more odds of CVD among women than men (3.3 odds vs. 2.38 odds). More than a third (34.4%) of the Saudi population studied ate unhealthy diets (rich in fat, poor in fibers, less vegetables and fruits, and ultra-processed), which was found to more than triple (almost quadruple) the CVD risks (OR=3.8). Smoking prevalence was 12.2%-26.2% and was more among men. Other factors, such as type 2 diabetes (OR=2.3) and stress (5.4%-16.9%), were also identified as factors. The prevalence of CVD lifestyle-related risk factors is still high in Saudi Arabia, especially physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, obesity, and smoking, which highlights the urgent need for lifestyle modifications and public health campaigns and collaboration among the Saudi government and its partners to effectively improve cardiovascular health in Saudi Arabia.
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15
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Rizk R, Haddad C, Sacre H, Malaeb D, Wachten H, Strahler J, Salameh P. Assessing the relationship between food insecurity and lifestyle behaviors among university students: a comparative study between Lebanon and Germany. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:807. [PMID: 37138254 PMCID: PMC10154760 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15694-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food insecurity is a common public health problem in both developed and developing countries. This study aimed to profile food insecurity among university students in a developed country with stable economic circumstances (Germany) and a developing Mediterranean country undergoing a severe economic and financial crisis (Lebanon) and examine the associations between food insecurity and lifestyle behaviors (i.e., physical activity, sleep, and adherence to a healthy eating pattern, such as the Mediterranean diet), stress, and financial well-being. METHOD This online cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2021 and March 2022. Subjects were recruited through social media platforms (Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, and personal email) and in-class announcements by several university professors of various majors and from different universities in Lebanon and Germany. The final sample included 547 participants (197 from Lebanon and 350 from Germany). RESULTS Our findings showed a higher food insecurity rate in Lebanon compared with Germany (59% versus 33%). In the bivariate analysis, food insecurity was associated with insomnia (r = 0.230; p < 0.001) and stress (r = 0.225; p = 0.001); German university students had higher physical activity (p < 0.001), better diet quality (p < 0.001), and lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet (p < 0001) than Lebanese students. In the multivariable analyses, more stress was related to insomnia (B = 0.178; p < 0.001), while financial well-being was not associated with any of the lifestyle behaviors. Physical activity, insomnia, and Mediterranean diet adherence were not associated with the country or food insecurity (p > 0.05); however, living in Germany was associated with better diet quality (B = -7.85; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The high prevalence of food insecurity reported in this study is alarming, particularly among Lebanese students; German students had better diet quality and higher physical activity but worse adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Moreover, food insecurity was also associated with worse sleep and stress. Further studies are necessary to assess the role of food insecurity as a mediating factor between sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Rizk
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon.
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
- School of Health Sciences, Modern University for Business and Science, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Diana Malaeb
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hanna Wachten
- Sport Psychology, Institute of Sport and Sport Science, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg Im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Jana Strahler
- Sport Psychology, Institute of Sport and Sport Science, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg Im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, 2417, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Li J, Zhang F, Zhao L, Dong C. Microbiota-gut-brain axis and related therapeutics in Alzheimer's disease: prospects for multitherapy and inflammation control. Rev Neurosci 2023:revneuro-2023-0006. [PMID: 37076953 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia in the elderly and causes neurodegeneration, leading to memory loss, behavioral disorder, and psychiatric impairment. One potential mechanism contributing to the pathogenesis of AD may be the imbalance in gut microbiota, local and systemic inflammation, and dysregulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA). Most of the AD drugs approved for clinical use today are symptomatic treatments that do not improve AD pathologic changes. As a result, researchers are exploring novel therapeutic modalities. Treatments involving the MGBA include antibiotics, probiotics, transplantation of fecal microbiota, botanical products, and others. However, single-treatment modalities are not as effective as expected, and a combination therapy is gaining momentum. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent advances in MGBA-related pathological mechanisms and treatment modalities in AD and to propose a new concept of combination therapy. "MGBA-based multitherapy" is an emerging view of treatment in which classic symptomatic treatments and MGBA-based therapeutic modalities are used in combination. Donepezil and memantine are two commonly used drugs in AD treatment. On the basis of the single/combined use of these two drugs, two/more additional drugs and treatment modalities that target the MGBA are chosen based on the characteristics of the patient's condition as an adjuvant treatment, as well as the maintenance of good lifestyle habits. "MGBA-based multitherapy" offers new insights for the treatment of cognitive impairment in AD patients and is expected to show good therapeutic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, No. 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, No. 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Chunbo Dong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, No. 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116011, China
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Zheng J, Lee J, Byun J, Yu D, Ha JH. Partial replacement of high-fat diet with n-3 PUFAs enhanced beef tallow attenuates dyslipidemia and endoplasmic reticulum stress in tunicamycin-injected rats. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1155436. [PMID: 37006935 PMCID: PMC10060633 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1155436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is considered as a complex, intertwined multiple risk factors that directly increase the risk of various metabolic diseases, especially cardiovascular atherosclerotic diseases and diabetes mellitus type 2. While lifestyle changes, including dietary intervention are effective in mitigating or preventing MetS, there are no specific therapies against MetS. Typical western diets comprise of high saturated fatty acid, cholesterol, and simple sugar; consequently their consumption may increase the potential pathological developmental risk of MetS. Partial replacement of dietary fatty acids with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is widely recommended measure to manage MetS-related disorders. Methods In the present study, we used rat model to investigate the role of n-3 PUFA enriched beef tallows (BT) on MetS and tunicamycin (TM)-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, by partially replacing dietary fat (lard) with equal amounts of two different BTs; regular BT or n-3 PUFA-enriched BT. The experimental rats were randomly assigned to three different dietary groups (n = 16 per group): (1) high-fat and high-cholesterol diet (HFCD); (2) HFCD partially replaced with regular BT (HFCD + BT1); (3) HFCD partially replaced with n-3 enhanced BT (w/w) (HFCD + BT2). After 10 weeks of dietary intervention, each experimental rodent was intraperitoneally injected with either phosphate-buffered saline or 1 mg/kg body weight of TM. Results HFCD + BT2 showed improved dyslipidemia before TM injection, and increased serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels after TM injection. BT replacement groups had significantly reduced hepatic triglyceride (TG) levels, and decreased total cholesterol (TC) and TG levels in epididymal adipose tissue (EAT). Furthermore, BT replacement remarkably attenuated TM-induced unfolded protein responses (UPRs) in liver, showing reduced ER stress, with BT2 being more effective in the EAT. Discussion Therefore, our findings suggest that partially replacing dietary fats with n-3 PUFA to lower the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs is beneficial in preventing pathological features of MetS by alleviating HFCD- and/or TM-induced dyslipidemia and ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiang Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Byun
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, United States
| | - Daeung Yu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, Changwon, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Senior Human-Ecology, Major in Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Heun Ha
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Neutralization, Dankook University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: What Do We Know in 2023? Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061323. [PMID: 36986052 PMCID: PMC10052062 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease associated with the pathological accumulation of lipids inside hepatocytes. Untreated NAFL can progress to non-alcoholic hepatitis (NASH), followed by fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The common denominator of the above-mentioned metabolic disorders seems to be insulin resistance, which occurs in NAFLD patients. Obesity is the greatest risk factor for lipid accumulation inside hepatocytes, but a part of the NAFLD patient population has a normal body weight according to the BMI index. Obese people with or without NAFLD have a higher incidence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), and those suffering from NAFLD show increased intestinal permeability, including a more frequent presence of bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine (SIBO). The health consequences of SIBO are primarily malabsorption disorders (vitamin B12, iron, choline, fats, carbohydrates and proteins) and bile salt deconjugation. Undetected and untreated SIBO may lead to nutrient and/or energy malnutrition, thus directly impairing liver function (e.g., folic acid and choline deficiency). However, whether SIBO contributes to liver dysfunction, decreased intestinal barrier integrity, increased inflammation, endotoxemia and bacterial translocation is not yet clear. In this review, we focus on gut–liver axis and discuss critical points, novel insights and the role of nutrition, lifestyle, pre- and probiotics, medication and supplements in the therapy and prevention of both SIBO and NAFLD.
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Nguyen NM, Cho J, Lee C. Gut Microbiota and Alzheimer's Disease: How to Study and Apply Their Relationship. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044047. [PMID: 36835459 PMCID: PMC9958597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota (GM), the microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract, contribute to the regulation of brain homeostasis through bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain. GM disturbance has been discovered to be related to various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) has emerged as an enticing subject not only to understand AD pathology but also to provide novel therapeutic strategies for AD. In this review, the general concept of the MGBA and its impacts on the development and progression of AD are described. Then, diverse experimental approaches for studying the roles of GM in AD pathogenesis are presented. Finally, the MGBA-based therapeutic strategies for AD are discussed. This review provides concise guidance for those who wish to obtain a conceptual and methodological understanding of the GM and AD relationship with an emphasis on its practical application.
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Naji RM, Bashandy MA, Fathy AH. Ameliorative Effects of some Natural Antioxidants against Blood and Cardiovascular Toxicity of Oral Subchronic Exposure to Silicon Dioxide, Aluminum Oxide, or Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Wistar Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2023; 2023:8373406. [PMID: 36942197 PMCID: PMC10024631 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8373406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study determines the possible protective role of fig fruit extract with olive oil and date palm fruit extract (FOD) in decreasing the oral subchronic blood and cardiovascular toxicity of SiO2NPs, Al2O3NPs, or ZnONPs. The present study used 80 male Wistar rats (8 groups, n = 10) distributed according to the treatment. The FOD treatments were used at their recommended antioxidant doses. All nanoparticles (NPs) were given orally and daily at doses of 100 mg/kg for 75 days. The oral administration of different NPs alone led to dramatic, oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, blood coagulation, endothelial dysfunction markers, myocardial enzymes, hematological parameters, lipid profile, and histopathological features compared with the control group. The FOD-NP-treated groups recorded significantly ameliorated blood and cardiovascular toxicity hazards compared to the groups administered with the NPs alone. In conclusion, the administration of FOD provides considerable chemopreventive and ameliorative effects against NP toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyadh Musaed Naji
- 1Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
- 2Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science and Education, Aden University, Yemen
| | - Mohamed A. Bashandy
- 1Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Abdallah H. Fathy
- 3Department of Animal House Facility, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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21
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Cubas-Basterrechea G, Elío I, Alonso G, Otero L, Gutiérrez-Bardeci L, Puente J, Muñoz-Cacho P. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Is Inversely Associated with the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Older People from the North of Spain. Nutrients 2022; 14:4536. [PMID: 36364798 PMCID: PMC9657522 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to relate adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) to the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in an elderly population from the north of Spain. Methods: We carried out an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational study involving 556 non-institutionalised individuals aged 65 to 79 years. The MEDAS-14 questionnaire score was used to define the degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The diagnosis of MetS was conducted using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Results: In 264 subjects with an average age of 71.9 (SD: ±4.2), 39% of whom were men, 36.4% had good adherence (score ≥ 9 in MEDAS-14), with no differences by gender or age. The prevalence of MetS was 40.2%, with 47.6% in men and 35.4% in women (p < 0.05). The prevalence of MetS was 2.4 times more frequent among individuals who consumed less than two servings (200 g) of vegetables daily compared with those who consumed two or more servings of vegetables daily (OR: 2.368, 95%CI: 1.141−4.916, p = 0.021). Low adherence to the MedDiet (MEDAS-14 score ≤ 8) was associated with an 82% higher prevalence of MetS (OR: 1.817, 95%CI: 1.072−3.081, p = 0.027). Conclusion: An inverse relationship was established between adherence to the MedDiet and the prevalence of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iñaki Elío
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Sport, Iberoamerican International University, Campeche 24560, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Otero
- Primary Care Center Puertochico, 39004 Santander, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Puente
- Compass Group, Department VITArest, 28054 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Muñoz-Cacho
- Teaching Department of Primary Care Management, Cantabrian Health Service, IDIVAL, 39011 Santander, Spain
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22
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Zeraattalab-Motlagh S, Jayedi A, Shab-Bidar S. Mediterranean dietary pattern and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:1735-1748. [PMID: 35001218 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02761-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous meta-analyses assessed the association of adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MedDiet) with the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Since then, new large-scale cohort studies have been published. In addition, dose-response relation was not previously investigated and the certainty of evidence was not assessed. We aimed to explore the dose-response relationship between adherence to the MedDiet and the risk of T2D. METHODS We did a systematic search using PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science upto April 2021 for prospective cohort studies of the relationship between adherence to the MedDiet and the risk of T2D in the general population. The summary relative risks (RR) and 95%CI were estimated by applying a random-effects model. RESULTS Fourteen prospective cohort studies (410,303 participants and 41,466 cases) were included. There was an inverse association for the highest versus lowest category of adherence to the MedDiet (RR: 0.79, 95%CI 0.72, 0.88; I2 = 82%, n = 14; Risk difference: - 21 per 1000 person, 95%CI - 28, - 12; GRADE = moderate certainty), and for a 2-point increment in the MedDiet adherence score (RR: 0.86, 95%CI 0.82, 0.91; n = 13). The RR remained significant after controlling for important confounders and in almost all subgroups, especially subgroups defined by geographical region. We observed an inverse linear association between MedDiet adherence score and T2D incidence. CONCLUSION Adherence to the MedDiet was inversely related to T2D risk in a dose-response manner. Adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet may be a good advice for the primary prevention of T2D. REGISTRY AND REGISTRY NUMBER PROSPERO (CRD42021246589).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheida Zeraattalab-Motlagh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No 44, Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jayedi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No 44, Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran
- Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No 44, Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran.
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23
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Varesi A, Pierella E, Romeo M, Piccini GB, Alfano C, Bjørklund G, Oppong A, Ricevuti G, Esposito C, Chirumbolo S, Pascale A. The Potential Role of Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer’s Disease: from Diagnosis to Treatment. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030668. [PMID: 35277027 PMCID: PMC8840394 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is emerging as a key regulator of many disease conditions and its dysregulation is implicated in the pathogenesis of several gastrointestinal and extraintestinal disorders. More recently, gut microbiome alterations have been linked to neurodegeneration through the increasingly defined gut microbiota brain axis, opening the possibility for new microbiota-based therapeutic options. Although several studies have been conducted to unravel the possible relationship between Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) pathogenesis and progression, the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of approaches aiming at restoring gut microbiota eubiosis remain to be fully addressed. In this narrative review, we briefly summarize the role of gut microbiota homeostasis in brain health and disease, and we present evidence for its dysregulation in AD patients. Based on these observations, we then discuss how dysbiosis might be exploited as a new diagnostic tool in early and advanced disease stages, and we examine the potential of prebiotics, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and diets as complementary therapeutic interventions on disease pathogenesis and progression, thus offering new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of this devastating and progressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Varesi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Almo Collegio Borromeo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (G.R.)
| | - Elisa Pierella
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; (E.P.); (A.O.)
| | - Marcello Romeo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | | | - Claudia Alfano
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway;
| | - Abigail Oppong
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; (E.P.); (A.O.)
| | - Giovanni Ricevuti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (G.R.)
| | - Ciro Esposito
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, ICS Maugeri, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37121 Verona, Italy;
| | - Alessia Pascale
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
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24
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Lampignano L, Donghia R, Sila A, Bortone I, Tatoli R, De Nucci S, Castellana F, Zupo R, Tirelli S, Giannoccaro V, Guerra V, Panza F, Lozupone M, Mastronardi M, De Pergola G, Giannelli G, Sardone R. Mediterranean Diet and Fatty Liver Risk in a Population of Overweight Older Italians: A Propensity Score-Matched Case-Cohort Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020258. [PMID: 35057439 PMCID: PMC8779579 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis, often known as fatty liver, is the most common hepatic disease in Western countries. The latest guidelines for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease emphasize lifestyle measures, such as changing unhealthy eating patterns. Using a propensity score-matching approach, this study investigated the effect of adhering to a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on fatty liver risk in an older population (≥65 years) from Southern Italy. We recruited 1.403 subjects (53.6% men, ≥65 years) who completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and underwent clinical assessment between 2015 and 2018. For the assessment of the liver fat content, we applied the Fatty Liver Index (FLI). To evaluate the treatment effect of the MedDiet, propensity score matching was performed on patients with and without FLI > 60. After propensity score-matching with the MedDiet pattern as treatment, we found a higher consumption of red meat (p = 0.04) and wine (p = 0.04) in subjects with FLI > 60. Based on the FLI, the inverse association shown between adherence to the MedDiet and the risk of hepatic steatosis shows that the MedDiet can help to prevent hepatic steatosis. Consuming less red and processed meat, as well as alcoholic beverages, may be part of these healthy lifestyle recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Lampignano
- Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy; (L.L.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (I.B.); (R.T.); (S.D.N.); (F.C.); (R.Z.); (S.T.); (V.G.)
| | - Rossella Donghia
- Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy; (L.L.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (I.B.); (R.T.); (S.D.N.); (F.C.); (R.Z.); (S.T.); (V.G.)
| | - Annamaria Sila
- Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy; (L.L.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (I.B.); (R.T.); (S.D.N.); (F.C.); (R.Z.); (S.T.); (V.G.)
| | - Ilaria Bortone
- Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy; (L.L.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (I.B.); (R.T.); (S.D.N.); (F.C.); (R.Z.); (S.T.); (V.G.)
| | - Rossella Tatoli
- Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy; (L.L.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (I.B.); (R.T.); (S.D.N.); (F.C.); (R.Z.); (S.T.); (V.G.)
| | - Sara De Nucci
- Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy; (L.L.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (I.B.); (R.T.); (S.D.N.); (F.C.); (R.Z.); (S.T.); (V.G.)
| | - Fabio Castellana
- Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy; (L.L.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (I.B.); (R.T.); (S.D.N.); (F.C.); (R.Z.); (S.T.); (V.G.)
| | - Roberta Zupo
- Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy; (L.L.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (I.B.); (R.T.); (S.D.N.); (F.C.); (R.Z.); (S.T.); (V.G.)
| | - Sarah Tirelli
- Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy; (L.L.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (I.B.); (R.T.); (S.D.N.); (F.C.); (R.Z.); (S.T.); (V.G.)
| | | | - Vito Guerra
- Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy; (L.L.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (I.B.); (R.T.); (S.D.N.); (F.C.); (R.Z.); (S.T.); (V.G.)
| | - Francesco Panza
- Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 11, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Madia Lozupone
- Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 11, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Mauro Mastronardi
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “Saverio De Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- Unit of Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy;
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- Scientific Direction, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “Saverio De Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy;
| | - Rodolfo Sardone
- Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy; (L.L.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (I.B.); (R.T.); (S.D.N.); (F.C.); (R.Z.); (S.T.); (V.G.)
- Correspondence:
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25
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Lugo-Morin DR, Bhat R. Restoring the values of traditional foods. FUTURE FOODS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91001-9.00010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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26
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Mingay E, Hart M, Yoong S, Hure A. Why We Eat the Way We Do: A Call to Consider Food Culture in Public Health Initiatives. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11967. [PMID: 34831723 PMCID: PMC8623951 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The way we eat has changed dramatically in only a few decades. While definitions of food culture have previously existed, a clear description of modern food culture that can be used for health promotion is lacking. In this paper, we propose a concept of food culture for application within public health, what a positive food culture looks like compared to negative elements that have dominated in developed countries and the consequences for physical and mental health and wellbeing. We support calls to action from the international community to reconsider the way we eat. All segments of society have a role to play in building a positive food culture, and it is critical that macro (policy and systems) and meso (community) level environmental factors align and provide supportive environments that promote health-enhancing behaviours. Defining food culture is a necessary step towards articulating the complexities that influence food behaviours and impact health. The ultimate goal is collective action to enable population-wide and sustained improvements to the way we eat, and how we think and feel about food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwina Mingay
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia; (S.Y.); (A.H.)
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Melissa Hart
- School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia;
- Hunter New England Mental Health Service, Waratah, Newcastle, NSW 2298, Australia
| | - Serene Yoong
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia; (S.Y.); (A.H.)
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, Newcastle, NSW 2287, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Alexis Hure
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia; (S.Y.); (A.H.)
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
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Chromiec PA, Urbaś ZK, Jacko M, Kaczor JJ. The Proper Diet and Regular Physical Activity Slow Down the Development of Parkinson Disease. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1605-1623. [PMID: 34631210 PMCID: PMC8460298 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
From year to year, we know more about neurodegeneration and Parkinson’s disease (PD). A positive influence of various types of physical activity is more often described in the context of neuroprotection and prevention as well as the form of rehabilitation in Parkinson’s patients. Moreover, when we look at supplementation, clinical nutrition and dietetics, we will see that balancing consumed products and supplementing the vitamins or minerals is necessary. Considering the biochemical pathways in skeletal muscle, we may see that many researchers desire to identify molecular mediators that have an impact through exercise and balanced diet on human health or development of the neurodegenerative disease. Therefore, it is mandatory to study the potential mechanism(s) related to diet and factors resulted from physical activity as molecular mediators, which play a therapeutic role in PD. This review summarizes the available literature on mechanisms and specific pathways involved in diet-exercise relationship and discusses how therapy, including appropriate exercises and diet that influence molecular mediators, may significantly slow down the progress of neurodegenerative processes. We suggest that a proper diet combined with physical activity will be a good solution for psycho-muscle BALANCE not only in PD but also in other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zofia Kinga Urbaś
- 2Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, Gdansk, 80-211, Poland
| | - Martyna Jacko
- 2Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, Gdansk, 80-211, Poland
| | - Jan Jacek Kaczor
- 2Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, Gdansk, 80-211, Poland
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Öztaş E, Kara M, Boran T, Bişirir E, Karaman EF, Kaptan E, Özhan G. Cellular Stress Pathways Are Linked to Acetamiprid-Induced Apoptosis in SH-SY5Y Neural Cells. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10090820. [PMID: 34571697 PMCID: PMC8467785 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Neonicotinoids constitute more than one-quarter of the insecticides on the market. Acetamiprid, a widely used neonicotinoid, has been found to be linked with neurological symptoms and there is an urge to understand its molecular mechanisms. It decreased cellular viability in millimole concentrations after 24 h in SH-SY5Y neural cells. Additionally, it increased reactive oxygen species, intracellular calcium and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Since overwhelmed cellular stress can destroy cellular structures and cause cell death, we also evaluated cellular death mechanisms. Acetamiprid induced apoptosis rather than necrosis indicating that cells undergo suicide initiated by self-generated death signals. Even though acetamiprid is considered to be a safe option in the struggle against harmful agricultural insects, these results suggest that the widespread use should be taken under strict control in order not to cause damage to the mammals. Abstract Acetamiprid (ACE), a commonly used neonicotinoid insecticide, is correlated with neurological symptoms, immunotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. Cellular stress and damage could play an important role in ACE-induced neurotoxicity; however, its mechanism has not been fully understood. We evaluated the effects of ACE on oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, cellular death, mRNA expression levels of related genes and protein expressions of related molecular mechanisms in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. The half maximal inhibition of enzyme activity (IC50) value of ACE was determined as 4.26 mM after 24 h of treatment by MTT assay. We revealed an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and calcium release. Significant increases were measured in inositol-requiring enzyme 1-alpha (IRE1-α) and binding immunoglobulin protein 90 (GRP90) levels as well as mRNA expression levels of caspase 3, 4 and 9 genes indicating enhanced ER stress. Apoptosis and ER stress-related genes were significantly upregulated at ≥2 mM. Indeed, ACE caused apoptosis and necroptosis while necrosis was not observed. There was a significant increase in the protein level of mitogen-activated protein kinase-8 (MAPK8) at 4 mM of ACE while no change was seen for nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). In conclusion, increased cellular stress markers could be proposed as an underlying mechanism of ACE-induced cell death in neural cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Öztaş
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey; (M.K.); (T.B.); (E.B.); (E.F.K.); (G.Ö.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mehtap Kara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey; (M.K.); (T.B.); (E.B.); (E.F.K.); (G.Ö.)
| | - Tuğçe Boran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey; (M.K.); (T.B.); (E.B.); (E.F.K.); (G.Ö.)
| | - Enes Bişirir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey; (M.K.); (T.B.); (E.B.); (E.F.K.); (G.Ö.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
| | - Ecem Fatma Karaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey; (M.K.); (T.B.); (E.B.); (E.F.K.); (G.Ö.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biruni University, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
| | - Engin Kaptan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34134, Turkey;
| | - Gül Özhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey; (M.K.); (T.B.); (E.B.); (E.F.K.); (G.Ö.)
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Food intake in children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study from 2009/2010 to 2015/2016. J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e51. [PMID: 34367626 PMCID: PMC8327392 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to describe food intake over time in children and adolescents, with respect to age and gender. The present study was a repeated cross-sectional study using self-reported data from a health questionnaire. Data were collected from the School Health Services in south-east Sweden from 44 297 students, 10, 13–14 and 16 years of age, 48 % girls and 52 % boys from 2009/2010 to 2015/2016. Reported intakes for eight foods were analysed in relation to the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations. Seventeen per cent of the students reported an intake in line with the recommendations for at least six of the eight foods fish, vegetables, fruit, mealtime beverages, juice/chocolate drinks, sugar-sweetened beverages, sweets/snacks and pastries. Intake of at least two fruits a day was the recommendation that was followed by the lowest proportion of students (30 %), and this result was stable over the study period. There was a gradual increase over time in the proportion of students who reported an intake in line with the recommendations. Younger students compared to older students, as well as girls compared to boys, reported intakes in line with the recommendations to a statistically significant larger extent. Few students reported intakes in line with the recommendations, although the quality of food intake seems to improve over time. The present results indicate a deterioration in reported food intake in the early years of adolescence. Finding methods to support all children and especially older adolescents to eat healthier, including eating more fruit, is of great importance to public health.
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Figueroa C, Echeverría G, Villarreal G, Martínez X, Ferreccio C, Rigotti A. Introducing Plant-Based Mediterranean Diet as a Lifestyle Medicine Approach in Latin America: Opportunities Within the Chilean Context. Front Nutr 2021; 8:680452. [PMID: 34249989 PMCID: PMC8266999 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.680452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Latin America is experiencing a significant epidemiological and nutritional transition, with a trend toward higher incidence of food-related chronic diseases. In this context, Lifestyle Medicine (LM) is a growing field focused on assisting individuals in adopting healthy behaviors for the prevention and treatment of these chronic diseases, including, among other pillars, a great emphasis on healthy eating. There is also a growing interest worldwide in environmental sustainability of dietary patterns, with increasing concern about their effects on planetary health. In this context, whole-food, plant-based diets -such as the Mediterranean diet (MD)- have emerged as a solution for both healthier eating and lowering environmental impact. Yet in order to be effective at these goals and achieve a high adherence to any nutritional prescription, the sociocultural reality of the community or population where we aim to practice must also be taken into account. In this review, we specifically highlight the plant-based MD as a LM-contextualized dietary pattern that is adaptable, applicable, and sustainable within the Chilean context and has the potential to address the current trend of chronic diseases in our country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Figueroa
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Guadalupe Echeverría
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Grisell Villarreal
- Magíster en Nutrición, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ximena Martínez
- Magíster en Nutrición, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catterina Ferreccio
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Attilio Rigotti
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Vici G, Perinelli DR, Camilletti D, Carotenuto F, Belli L, Polzonetti V. Nutritional Properties of Rice Varieties Commonly Consumed in Italy and Applicability in Gluten Free Diet. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061375. [PMID: 34198605 PMCID: PMC8232128 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gluten-free diets are often characterized by an inadequate intake of nutrients and are generally monotonous for the limited number of products celiac patients can use. As rice is the most used cereal by celiac consumers, studying rice varieties nutritional characteristics is of interest to manage diet quality and variety. Proteins, total carbohydrates and amylose content of six rice varieties (Ribe, Vialone Nano, Carnaroli, Arborio, Basmati, and Fragrance) were analyzed. Analyses were performed in raw products and after boiling, stewing, and microwaving. A decrease of proteins and total carbohydrates amount was observed in cooked rice. The same was reported for amylose content with boiling showing the highest loss (average retained amylose 53%). Considering amylose percentage with respect to total carbohydrates, each variety showed either an increase or a decrease depending on cooking method. The highest values were obtained with stewing above all for Basmati rice and Arborio rice. However, exceptions can be underlined as Carnaroli rice, showing the highest percentage when boiled. In this context, nutritional characteristics of cooked rice varieties appear to be of great importance to increase specific nutritional knowledge to better manage gluten-free diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Vici
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy; (D.C.); (F.C.); (L.B.); (V.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Diego Romano Perinelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy;
| | - Dalia Camilletti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy; (D.C.); (F.C.); (L.B.); (V.P.)
| | - Flora Carotenuto
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy; (D.C.); (F.C.); (L.B.); (V.P.)
| | - Luca Belli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy; (D.C.); (F.C.); (L.B.); (V.P.)
| | - Valeria Polzonetti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy; (D.C.); (F.C.); (L.B.); (V.P.)
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Aljefree NM, Almoraie NM, Shatwan IM. Association of two types of dietary pattern scores with cardiovascular disease risk factors and serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D levels in Saudi Arabia. Food Nutr Res 2021; 65:5481. [PMID: 34262414 PMCID: PMC8254461 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v65.5481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a main cause of mortality and disability worldwide. One of the key factors in the soaring prevalence of CVD globally has been nutrition transitions and changes in dietary patterns. Objective This study investigated the association between two diet scores, namely, a high-fat dietary (HFD) pattern score and a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) score, and CVD risk factors (obesity, hypertension, total cholesterol, and blood glucose) and serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D (25[OH]D) levels. Methods Three hundred twenty-one participants were included in this study. Fasting blood tests were collected from all participants for biochemical measurements. Blood pressure and anthropometric measurements were also taken. A validated, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to collect data on participants’ dietary intake. Dietary scores for the HFD pattern were calculated based on recommended food groups. MedDiet scores were calculated based on a previously validated method that contains 14 questions related to MedDiet. Both diet scores were classified into tertiles. Linear regression analyses were performed to assess the statistical significance of the tertile groups. Result A significant association was found between HFD score and obesity when comparing the lowest tertile (27.3±4.6 kg/m2) of HFD scores with the medium tertile (29.2±5.7 kg/m2; P = 0.02). A higher HFD score was significantly associated with lower 25(OH)D levels (P = 0.02). In addition, a significant association was observed between MedDiet scores and 25(OH)D levels, with an increase in MedDiet score resulting in an increase in 25(OH)D levels (P = 0.01). Furthermore, a significant negative association between MedDiet scores and low-density lipoprotein levels was reported only in participants with CVD (P = 0.03). Conclusion The results of this study revealed that HFD and MedDiet scores might have a role in the development of CVD and vitamin D deficiency among the Saudi Arabian population. Further studies are required using diet scores to assess the quality of dietary patterns and their association with an increased risk of diseases in Saudi Arabians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najlaa M Aljefree
- Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noha M Almoraie
- Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Israa M Shatwan
- Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Alabduljabbar S, Zaidan SA, Lakshmanan AP, Terranegra A. Personalized Nutrition Approach in Pregnancy and Early Life to Tackle Childhood and Adult Non-Communicable Diseases. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11060467. [PMID: 34073649 PMCID: PMC8224671 DOI: 10.3390/life11060467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of childhood and adult non-communicable diseases (NCD) is associated with environmental factors, starting from intrauterine life. A new theory finds the roots of epigenetic programming in parental gametogenesis, continuing during embryo development, fetal life, and finally in post-natal life. Maternal health status and poor nutrition are widely recognized as implications in the onset of childhood and adult diseases. Early nutrition, particularly breastfeeding, also plays a primary role in affecting the health status of an individual later in life. A poor maternal diet during pregnancy and lack of breastfeeding can cause a nutrient deficiency that affects the gut microbiota, and acts as a cofactor for many pathways, impacting the epigenetic controls and transcription of genes involved in the metabolism, angiogenesis, and other pathways, leading to NCDs in adult life. Both maternal and fetal genetic backgrounds also affect nutrient adsorption and functioning at the cellular level. This review discusses the most recent evidence on maternal nutrition and breastfeeding in the development of NCD, the potentiality of the omics technologies in uncovering the molecular mechanisms underlying it, with the future prospective of applying a personalized nutrition approach to prevent and treat NCD from the beginning of fetal life.
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Baxter D, Lovell GP. Australian mental health practitioners’ reported practice, beliefs, and barriers to the prescription of dietary change for mental health conditions. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00050067.2021.1893597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Baxter
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Australia
| | - Geoff P. Lovell
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Australia
- Department of Sport, Hartpury University, Gloucester, UK
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Shatwan IM, Alhinai EA, Alawadhi B, Surendran S, Aljefree NM, Almoraie NM. High Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Obesity among Adults in Gulf Countries. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030995. [PMID: 33808684 PMCID: PMC8003341 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is considered as a good example of a healthy dietary pattern that has protective effects on obesity. The aim of the present study was to assess the adherence of adults from three Gulf countries (Saudi Arabia, Oman, and Kuwait) to the MedDiet and its association with obesity risk. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 961 men and women (75.7%) aged 20–55 years old. Waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) were measured waist/hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI) were calculated. A validated 14-item Questionnaire was used to measure adherence to MedDiet. The mean of the adherence to MedDiet score was 5.9 ± 2.03 for the total sample. An inverse association was observed between the adherence to MedDiet and BMI after adjusting for potential confounders (p = 0.0003 in total participants, and p = 0.001 in women only). A protective effect was seen with a higher adherence to the MedDiet on HC, suggesting that a greater adherence to the MedDiet was associated with a decreased HC (p = 0.04 in total participants, and p = 0.01 in women only). In conclusion, low adherence to the MedDiet among participants from three gulf countries was associated with increased obesity indicators, BMI, and HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israa M. Shatwan
- Food and Nutrition Department, Human Sciences and Design Faculty, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.A.); (N.M.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Eiman A. Alhinai
- Dietetics Department, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ruwi 937, Muscat PC 112, Oman;
| | - Balqees Alawadhi
- The Public Authority of Applied Education and Training (PAAET), Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Shuwaikh, Kuwait;
| | - Shelini Surendran
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK;
| | - Najlaa M. Aljefree
- Food and Nutrition Department, Human Sciences and Design Faculty, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.A.); (N.M.A.)
| | - Noha M. Almoraie
- Food and Nutrition Department, Human Sciences and Design Faculty, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.A.); (N.M.A.)
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Russo GL, Siani A, Fogliano V, Geleijnse JM, Giacco R, Giampaoli S, Iacoviello L, Kromhout D, Lionetti L, Naska A, Pellegrini N, Riccardi G, Sofi F, Vitale M, Strazzullo P. The Mediterranean diet from past to future: Key concepts from the second "Ancel Keys" International Seminar. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:717-732. [PMID: 33558092 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The year 2020 celebrated the tenth anniversary of the recognition of the Mediterranean Diet as Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee. This event represented a milestone in the history of nutrition, as the Mediterranean diet was the first traditional food practice to receive such award. Since then, a lot has been discussed not only on the beneficial aspects of the Mediterranean diet, but also on its complex role as a lifestyle model that includes a set of skills, knowledge and intercultural dialogue. This process ended up with the recognition in 2019 of Mediterranean diet as a possibly universal model of healthy diet from the EAT-Lancet Commission. These concepts were widely debated at the 2019 "Ancel Keys" International Seminar, held in Ascea (Italy) (for more information see: www.mediterraneandietseminar.org) with the aim to stimulate interest and awareness of a young group of participants on the current problems inherent to the effective implementation of the Mediterranean diet. The present article collects the contributions of several lecturers at the Seminar on key issues such as methodological and experimental approach, sustainability, molecular aspects in disease prevention, future exploitation, without neglecting a historical view of the Seven Countries Study. From the Seminar conclusions emerged a still vibrant and modern role of Mediterranean diet. The years to come will see national and international efforts to reduce the barriers that limit adherence to Mediterranean diet in order to plan for multi-factorial and targeted interventions that would guide our populations to a sustainable healthy living.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Luigi Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy.
| | - Alfonso Siani
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Fogliano
- Food Quality Design Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna M Geleijnse
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rosalba Giacco
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Giampaoli
- Former director of the Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Daan Kromhout
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lillà Lionetti
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli", University of Salerno, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Androniki Naska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Nicoletta Pellegrini
- Food Quality Design Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Sofi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marilena Vitale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Strazzullo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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dos Santos LC, Johner JC, Scopel E, Pontes PV, Ribeiro AP, Zabot GL, Batista EA, Meireles MAA, Martínez J. Integrated supercritical CO2 extraction and fractionation of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) by-products. J Supercrit Fluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.105093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Fontalba-Romero MI, López-Enriquez S, Lago-Sampedro A, Garcia-Escobar E, Pastori RL, Domínguez-Bendala J, Alvarez-Cubela S, Valdés S, Rojo-Martinez G, García-Fuentes E, Labajos-Manzanares MT, García-Serrano S. Association between the Mediterranean Diet and Metabolic Syndrome with Serum Levels of miRNA in Morbid Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020436. [PMID: 33572759 PMCID: PMC7911421 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The Mediterranean diet (MD) could be involved in the regulation of different miRNAs related to metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods: We analyzed the serum level of mir-let7a-5p, mir-21, mir-590, mir-107 and mir-192 in patients with morbid obesity and its association with the MD and MS. Results: There is an association between the adherence to MD and higher serum levels of mir-590. Mir-590 was lower in those patients who consumed >2 commercial pastries/week. Mir-let7a was lower in those who consumed ≥1 sweetened drinks, in those who consumed ≥3 pieces of fruit/day and in those who consumed less red than white meat. A lower mir-590 and mir-let7a, and a higher mir-192 level, were found in patients who met the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) criterion of MS. A higher mir-192 was found in those patients who met the triglyceride criterion of MS and in those with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Conclusions: There is an association between specific serum levels of miRNAs and the amount and kind of food intake related to MD. Mir-590 was positively associated with a healthy metabolic profile and type of diet, while mir-192 was positively associated with a worse metabolic profile. These associations could be suggestive of a possible modulation of these miRNAs by food.
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Affiliation(s)
- María I. Fontalba-Romero
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.I.F.-R.); (A.L.-S.); (E.G.-E.); (S.V.); (S.G.-S.)
| | - Soledad López-Enriquez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana Lago-Sampedro
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.I.F.-R.); (A.L.-S.); (E.G.-E.); (S.V.); (S.G.-S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Eva Garcia-Escobar
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.I.F.-R.); (A.L.-S.); (E.G.-E.); (S.V.); (S.G.-S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), 29009 Málaga, Spain
| | - Ricardo L. Pastori
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (R.L.P.); (J.D.-B.); (S.A.-C.)
| | - Juan Domínguez-Bendala
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (R.L.P.); (J.D.-B.); (S.A.-C.)
| | - Silvia Alvarez-Cubela
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (R.L.P.); (J.D.-B.); (S.A.-C.)
| | - Sergio Valdés
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.I.F.-R.); (A.L.-S.); (E.G.-E.); (S.V.); (S.G.-S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), 29009 Málaga, Spain
| | - Gemma Rojo-Martinez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.I.F.-R.); (A.L.-S.); (E.G.-E.); (S.V.); (S.G.-S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), 29009 Málaga, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.R.-M); (E.G.-F.)
| | - Eduardo García-Fuentes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.R.-M); (E.G.-F.)
| | | | - Sara García-Serrano
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.I.F.-R.); (A.L.-S.); (E.G.-E.); (S.V.); (S.G.-S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), 29009 Málaga, Spain
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Caprara G. Mediterranean-Type Dietary Pattern and Physical Activity: The Winning Combination to Counteract the Rising Burden of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Nutrients 2021; 13:429. [PMID: 33525638 PMCID: PMC7910909 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) (mainly cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases and type 2 diabetes) are the main causes of death worldwide. Their burden is expected to rise in the future, especially in less developed economies and among the poor spread across middle- and high-income countries. Indeed, the treatment and prevention of these pathologies constitute a crucial challenge for public health. The major non-communicable diseases share four modifiable behavioral risk factors: unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco usage and excess of alcohol consumption. Therefore, the adoption of healthy lifestyles, which include not excessive alcohol intake, no smoking, a healthy diet and regular physical activity, represents a crucial and economical strategy to counteract the global NCDs burden. This review summarizes the latest evidence demonstrating that Mediterranean-type dietary pattern and physical activity are, alone and in combination, key interventions to both prevent and control the rise of NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Caprara
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20139 Milano, Italy
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[Adherence to the Mediterranean diet in a sample of Colombian schoolchildren: an evaluation of the psychometric properties of the KIDMED questionnaire]. NUTR HOSP 2021; 37:73-79. [PMID: 31746624 DOI: 10.20960/nh.02760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Objective: since childhood and adolescence are critical periods for the acquisition of eating habits and lifestyles that will persist into adulthood, having a questionnaire that estimates adherence to the Mediterranean diet among the school-age population is necessary. The aim of this study was to assess the validity, reliability, and factor structure of the KIDMED questionnaire in a group of children and adolescents from Cali, Colombia. Methods: this was a cross-sectional study using a self-reported questionnaire in 167 schoolchildren (53.8% girls, mean age 13.3 ± 3.2 years). Cronbach's alpha and Cohen's kappa (κ) were calculated as reliability and reproducibility indicators. The extraction of main components by varimax rotation allowed to define the communalities of the proposed items as a measure of validity. Results: overall, one in every 3 schoolchildren showed an optimal Mediterranean diet pattern. The KIDMED questionnaire showed moderate reliability and reproducibility values (Cronbach's alpha = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.71-0.77, and κ = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.45-0.77). The factor structure showed six factors that accounted for 60.6% of the total variance with an adequate goodness-of-fit test (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin = 0.730), and Bartlett's sphericity test (X2 = 414.8, p < 0.001, g/l = 120). Conclusions: the KIDMED questionnaire shown evidence adequate psychometric properties as an instrument for assessing adherence for assessing adherence to the Mediterranean diet in schoolchildren in Colombia. Future studies should focus on investigating the confirmatory structure and/or convergent validity of the questionnaire in different age groups for generating comparable data.
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Pignatti C, D’Adamo S, Stefanelli C, Flamigni F, Cetrullo S. Nutrients and Pathways that Regulate Health Span and Life Span. Geriatrics (Basel) 2020; 5:geriatrics5040095. [PMID: 33228041 PMCID: PMC7709628 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics5040095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both life span and health span are influenced by genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors. With the genetic influence on human life span estimated to be about 20–25%, epigenetic changes play an important role in modulating individual health status and aging. Thus, a main part of life expectance and healthy aging is determined by dietary habits and nutritional factors. Excessive or restricted food consumption have direct effects on health status. Moreover, some dietary interventions including a reduced intake of dietary calories without malnutrition, or a restriction of specific dietary component may promote health benefits and decrease the incidence of aging-related comorbidities, thus representing intriguing potential approaches to improve healthy aging. However, the relationship between nutrition, health and aging is still not fully understood as well as the mechanisms by which nutrients and nutritional status may affect health span and longevity in model organisms. The broad effect of different nutritional conditions on health span and longevity occurs through multiple mechanisms that involve evolutionary conserved nutrient-sensing pathways in tissues and organs. These pathways interacting each other include the evolutionary conserved key regulators mammalian target of rapamycin, AMP-activated protein kinase, insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 pathway and sirtuins. In this review we provide a summary of the main molecular mechanisms by which different nutritional conditions, i.e., specific nutrient abundance or restriction, may affect health span and life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Pignatti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Stefania D’Adamo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
- Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Stefanelli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy;
| | - Flavio Flamigni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Silvia Cetrullo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.P.); (F.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-209-1241
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Sandoval V, Sanz-Lamora H, Arias G, Marrero PF, Haro D, Relat J. Metabolic Impact of Flavonoids Consumption in Obesity: From Central to Peripheral. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2393. [PMID: 32785059 PMCID: PMC7469047 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevention and treatment of obesity is primary based on the follow-up of a healthy lifestyle, which includes a healthy diet with an important presence of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols. For many years, the health benefits of polyphenols have been attributed to their anti-oxidant capacity as free radical scavengers. More recently it has been described that polyphenols activate other cell-signaling pathways that are not related to ROS production but rather involved in metabolic regulation. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge in this field by focusing on the metabolic effects of flavonoids. Flavonoids are widely distributed in the plant kingdom where they are used for growing and defensing. They are structurally characterized by two benzene rings and a heterocyclic pyrone ring and based on the oxidation and saturation status of the heterocyclic ring flavonoids are grouped in seven different subclasses. The present work is focused on describing the molecular mechanisms underlying the metabolic impact of flavonoids in obesity and obesity-related diseases. We described the effects of each group of flavonoids in liver, white and brown adipose tissue and central nervous system and the metabolic and signaling pathways involved on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Sandoval
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
| | - Hèctor Sanz-Lamora
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the University of Barcelona (INSA-UB), E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Giselle Arias
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
| | - Pedro F. Marrero
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Haro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joana Relat
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the University of Barcelona (INSA-UB), E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
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A systematic review of precision nutrition and Mediterranean Diet: A personalized nutrition approaches for prevention and management of obesity related disorders. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020; 38:61-64. [PMID: 32690178 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The Obesity is related to type 2 diabetes, and diseases with metabolic syndrome characteristics such as dyslipidemia, hypertension and cardiovascular illness. The nutrition is the most important environmental factor that modulates the phenotype type of obesity. The impacts of nutrients might modulate the gene expression. The recent studies have focused on the relationship between obesity in terms of gene-environment interactions. METHODS There is a relationship between genetic indicators, fat mass accumulation, body composition and Mediterranean diet. The evaluation of nutrition treatment or interventions together with the genetic state; provides to manage or prevent the development of chronic diseases. RESULTS As a result of nutrigenetic studies; specific nutrition factors in Mediterranean Diet have positive effects on gene expressions related to obesity. In the future, the rapidly-developing nutrition science and the optimal nutrition model special for individuals might play an important role in terms of health development and healing. CONCLUSION This metanalysis aimed to explain the current status and relationship between metabolic syndrome indicators that are related to obesity and the gene-nutrient interactions within the Mediterranean Diet.
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Frontela-Saseta C, González-Bermúdez CA, García-Marcos L. Diet: A Specific Part of the Western Lifestyle Pack in the Asthma Epidemic. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2063. [PMID: 32630168 PMCID: PMC7408793 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Western lifestyle is a complex concept that includes the diet as the main axis of different factors which contribute to a detrimental effect on health, lower life expectancy and low quality-of-life. This type of diet is characterized by being high in calories, mainly provided by saturated fats, and rich in sugars that can lead to changes in immune cells and their responsiveness, by different mechanisms that have yet to be totally clarified. Inflammatory processes are perpetuated through different pathways, in which adipose tissue is a major factor. High fat stores in overweight and obesity accumulate energy but the endocrine function is also producing and releasing different bioactive compounds, adipokines, known to be pro-inflammatory and which play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. This review therefore explores the latest evidence regarding the adverse effect of the Western diet on adipose tissue inflammation and its causative effect on the asthma epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Frontela-Saseta
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, 30003 Murcia, Spain; (C.A.G.-B.); (L.G.-M.)
| | - Carlos A. González-Bermúdez
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, 30003 Murcia, Spain; (C.A.G.-B.); (L.G.-M.)
| | - Luis García-Marcos
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, 30003 Murcia, Spain; (C.A.G.-B.); (L.G.-M.)
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Redondo-Useros N, Nova E, González-Zancada N, Díaz LE, Gómez-Martínez S, Marcos A. Microbiota and Lifestyle: A Special Focus on Diet. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1776. [PMID: 32549225 PMCID: PMC7353459 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely known that a good balance and healthy function for bacteria groups in the colon are necessary to maintain homeostasis and preserve health. However, the lack of consensus on what defines a healthy gut microbiota and the multitude of factors that influence human gut microbiota composition complicate the development of appropriate dietary recommendations for our gut microbiota. Furthermore, the varied response to the intake of probiotics and prebiotics observed in healthy adults suggests the existence of potential inter- and intra-individual factors, which might account for gut microbiota changes to a greater extent than diet. The changing dietary habits worldwide involving consumption of processed foods containing artificial ingredients, such as sweeteners; the coincident rise in emotional disorders; and the worsening of other lifestyle habits, such as smoking habits, drug consumption, and sleep, can together contribute to gut dysbiosis and health impairment, as well as the development of chronic diseases. This review summarizes the current literature on the effects of specific dietary ingredients (probiotics, prebiotics, alcohol, refined sugars and sweeteners, fats) in the gut microbiota of healthy adults and the potential inter- and intra-individual factors involved, as well as the influence of other potential lifestyle factors that are dramatically increasing nowadays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ascensión Marcos
- Immunonutrition Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Jose Antonio Novais, St.10, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.R.-U.); (E.N.); (N.G.-Z.); (L.E.D.); (S.G.-M.)
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Rosi A, Tesan M, Cremonini A, Biasini B, Bicchieri L, Cossu M, Brighenti F, Dall'Aglio E, Scazzina F. Body weight of individuals with obesity decreases after a 6-month high pasta or low pasta Mediterranean diet weight-loss intervention. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:984-995. [PMID: 32402585 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The effect of pasta consumption within a low-energy Mediterranean diet on body weight regulation has been scarcely explored. This paper investigates the effect of two Mediterranean diets, which differed for lower or higher pasta intake, on body weight change in individuals with obesity. METHODS & RESULTS Forty-nine volunteers finished a quasi-experimental 6-month two-parallel group dietary intervention. Participants were assigned to a low-energy high pasta (HP) or to a low-energy low Pasta (LP) group on the basis of their pasta intake (HP ≥ 5 or LP ≤ 3 times/week). Anthropometrics, blood pressure and heart rate were measured every month. Weight maintenance was checked at month 12. Body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis, BIA), food intake (24-h recall plus a 7-day carbohydrate record) and the perceived quality of life (36-item short-form health survey, SF-36) were assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Blood samples were collected at baseline and month 6 to assess glucose and lipid metabolism. After 6-month intervention, body weight reduction was -10 ± 8% and -7 ± 4% in HP and LP diet, respectively, and it remained similar at month 12. Both dietary interventions improved anthropometric parameters, body composition, glucose and lipid metabolism, but no significant differences were observed between treatment groups. No differences were observed for blood pressure and heart rate between treatments and among times. HP diet significantly improved perception of quality of life for the physical component. CONCLUSIONS Independent of pasta consumption frequency, low-energy Mediterranean diets were successful in improving anthropometrics, physiological parameters and dietary habits after a 6-month weight-loss intervention. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03341650.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Rosi
- Department of Food & Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Margherita Tesan
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Lorenza Bicchieri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marta Cossu
- Department of Food & Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Furio Brighenti
- Department of Food & Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Paulo F, Santos L. Encapsulation of the Antioxidant Tyrosol and Characterization of Loaded Microparticles: an Integrative Approach on the Study of the Polymer-Carriers and Loading Contents. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-020-02407-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Barnaba L, Intorre F, Azzini E, Ciarapica D, Venneria E, Foddai MS, Maiani F, Raguzzini A, Polito A. Evaluation of adherence to Mediterranean diet and association with clinical and biological markers in an Italian population. Nutrition 2020; 77:110813. [PMID: 32450332 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the overall diet quality of an Italian population through the use of the Mediterranean Diet Serving Score (MDSS) and its relation to clinical and biochemical nutritional markers. METHODS The study was conducted on healthy participants ages 18 to 86 y living in central Italy. Adherence to the Mediterranean food pattern was evaluated by a semiquantitative food frequency, using the MDSS. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical analyses of nutritional interest were performed according to the standardized procedure. RESULTS The sample included a total of 349 participants (121 men and 228 women) with an average age of 54 ± 15 y and a body mass index of 27.4 ± 4.8 kg/m2, underlining an overweight status in both men and women. The mean educational level was medium-high in both sexes, whereas the occupation level was higher in women than in men (P = 0.001). The mean MDSS score was 14.4 ± 4.1 out of a total of 24 points. The adherence was higher in women (score 14.7 ± 3.9) than men (score 13.9 ± 4.4), although there were no significant differences (P = 0.25). No statistical differences in MDSS were found in relation to body mass index and educational level, whereas a higher MDSS score was observed in the older age group (P < 0.05). A positive correlation among MDSS, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and vitamin C has been found (P < 0.05), whereas there was a negative correlation with uric acid and triacylglycerols (P < 0.05). A logistic regression analysis highlighted smoking habit as the only predictive factor for a high adherence to MDSS (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS MDSS has a low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, particularly in the youngest age group and smokers. The index shows a correlation with some parameters of nutritional interest and further larger cohorts studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Barnaba
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Center for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy.
| | - Federica Intorre
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Center for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Azzini
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Center for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Ciarapica
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Center for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenia Venneria
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Center for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Foddai
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Center for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Maiani
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Center for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Raguzzini
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Center for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Polito
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Center for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
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Loh YC, Chan SY, Tew WY, Oo CW, Yam MF. New flavonoid-based compound synthesis strategy for antihypertensive drug development. Life Sci 2020; 249:117512. [PMID: 32145305 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the leading causes of mortality in relation to the cardiovascular conditions and easily the most overlooked and poorly managed disease in mankind. With well over 200 drugs available in the market globally, there is still an urgency to search for antihypertensive alternatives due to the subpar efficacy and unwarranted side effects of the current choices. Present studies reported over 250 types of plant-derived compounds were being investigated for potential pharmacological effects on the vasculature in the last 3 decades. There were numerous literatures that claimed various compounds exhibiting vasorelaxant properties to a certain extent with low numbers of these compounds being successfully adapted into the current medicinal practice for treatment of hypertension. The issue is the scarcity of reviews that summarizes the discovery of this field and the lack of thorough comparison of these compounds to identify which of these vasodilators should be the next face of hypertension management. Thus, this review is aiming towards identifying the relationship between a major class of plant-derived compounds, flavonoid's activity as a vasodilator with their signalling pathways and their structural characteristics according to their vasorelaxant properties. Interestingly, we found that both nitric oxide and voltage-operated calcium channels pathways, and two of the flavonoid's structural characteristics play crucial roles in eliciting strong vasorelaxant effects. We have faith that the insights of this review will serve as a reference for those researching similar topics in the future and potentially lead to the development of more promising antihypertensive alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yean Chun Loh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sock Ying Chan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Wan Yin Tew
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chuan Wei Oo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Mun Fei Yam
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
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Lozano M, Murcia M, Soler-Blasco R, Iñiguez C, Irizar A, Lertxundi A, Basterrechea M, Marina LS, Amorós R, Broberg K, Ballester F, Llop S. Prenatal Se concentrations and anthropometry at birth in the INMA study (Spain). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 181:108943. [PMID: 31791709 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We assessed whether prenatal selenium (Se) exposure is associated with anthropometry at birth, placental weight and gestational age. Study subjects were 1249 mother-child pairs from the Valencia and Gipuzkoa cohorts of the Spanish Childhood and Environment Project (INMA, 2003-2008). Se was determined in serum samples taken at the first trimester of pregnancy. Socio-demographic and dietary characteristics were also collected by questionnaires. Mean (SD) serum Se concentration was 79.57 (9.64) μg/L. Se showed weak associations with both head circumference and gestational age. The association between serum Se concentration and birth weight and length was negative, and direct for placental weight and probability of preterm birth, although the coefficients did not reach statistical significance. Individuals with total mercury (THg) levels >15 μg/L reversed the serum Se concentration effect on head circumference. Significant interactions were found between sex and both gestational age and prematurity. Spontaneous birth gestational ages were estimated to be lower for males and their probability of prematurity was higher. In conclusion, prenatal Se exposure may be associated with lower head circumference and lower gestational ages at spontaneous birth. Interactions with THg exposure and gender should be considered when assessing these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Lozano
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Spain; Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department. Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Mario Murcia
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Soler-Blasco
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Iñiguez
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Statistics and Computational Research. Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Amaia Irizar
- Health Research Institute, BIODONOSTIA, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Aitana Lertxundi
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department. University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Health Research Institute, BIODONOSTIA, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Mikel Basterrechea
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department. University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Health Research Institute, BIODONOSTIA, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Loreto Santa Marina
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department. University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Health Research Institute, BIODONOSTIA, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Rubén Amorós
- School of Mathematics, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Karin Broberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ferran Ballester
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Nursing Department, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Sabrina Llop
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
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