• Clinical validation
• Liquid biopsy
• Multicancer early detection
• Multimodal analysis
• Tissue of origin

• Humans
• Prospective Studies
• Early Detection of Cancer/methods
• Female
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Circulating Tumor DNA/blood
• Adult
• Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Neoplasms/blood
• Aged
• DNA Methylation
• Vietnam

• Cancer Prevention
• Cancer Screening
• Colonoscopy
• Colorectal Cancer
• Colorectal Polyp
• Family History

• Lynch syndrome registry
• South African founder variant
• colorectal cancer
• crude survival
• cumulative risk
• extracolonic cancer
• genetic variants
• pathogenic variants

• No Grant number South African Medical Research Council

• Colorectal cancer
• Incidence
• Saudi Arabia
• Stage
• Trends

• Humans
• Saudi Arabia/epidemiology
• Colorectal Neoplasms/epidemiology
• Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
• Male
• Female
• Incidence
• Registries/statistics & numerical data
• Middle Aged
• Aged
• Adult
• Neoplasm Staging
• Age Factors
• Cohort Studies
• Young Adult
• Aged, 80 and over

• Colorectal cancer
• Cost-effectiveness
• Early diagnosis
• Screening
• Technology

• Humans
• Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Colorectal Neoplasms/epidemiology
• Early Detection of Cancer/methods
• Early Detection of Cancer/standards
• Early Detection of Cancer/statistics & numerical data
• Mass Screening/methods
• Mass Screening/standards
• Mass Screening/statistics & numerical data
• Neoplasm Staging
• Colonoscopy/statistics & numerical data
• Colonoscopy/standards

This editorial comments on the article entitled “Stage at diagnosis of colorectal cancer through diagnostic route: Who should be screened?” by Agatsuma et al, who conducted a retrospective study aiming at clarifying the stage at colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis based on different diagnostic routes. We share our opinion about CRC screening programs. The current situation suggests the need for a more specific and targeted population for CRC screening.

• Colorectal cancer
• Screening
• Early diagnosis
• Technology
• Cost-effectiveness

• colorectal cancer
• epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)
• lncRNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1)
• miR‐3619‐5p
• tripartite motif containing 29 (TRIM29)

• Humans
• Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
• Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics
• RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
• MicroRNAs/genetics
• Cell Proliferation/genetics
• Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
• Mice
• Animals
• Cell Movement
• Prognosis
• Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics
• Transcription Factors/genetics
• Transcription Factors/metabolism
• Male
• DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
• DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
• Mice, Nude
• Female
• Cell Line, Tumor
• Neoplasm Metastasis
• Mice, Inbred BALB C
• Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

• Iatrogenic perforation
• diagnostic colonoscopy
• risk factor endoscopic treatment

• Humans
• Colonoscopy/adverse effects
• Intestinal Perforation/etiology
• Female
• Male
• Retrospective Studies
• Aged
• Middle Aged
• Risk Factors
• Iatrogenic Disease
• Aged, 80 and over
• Incidence
• Adult
• Rectum/injuries
• Colon/injuries

• T cell exhaustion
• fractionated radiotherapy
• iMOMP
• liposome
• radio‐resistance

• Colorectal Neoplasms/metabolism
• Colorectal Neoplasms/radiotherapy
• Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
• Mice
• Animals
• Humans
• Mitochondria/metabolism
• Mitochondria/drug effects
• Mitochondria/radiation effects
• Liposomes
• Metformin/pharmacology
• Metformin/therapeutic use
• Radiation Tolerance/drug effects
• Cell Line, Tumor
• Disease Models, Animal
• Activating Transcription Factor 4/metabolism
• Activating Transcription Factor 4/genetics

• U1932208 National Natural Science Foundation of China
• 32171382 National Natural Science Foundation of China
• 32301169 National Natural Science Foundation of China
• 32000990 National Natural Science Foundation of China
• BE2022725 Key Research and Development Program of Social Development of Jiangsu Province
• BK20190946 Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province
• SKY2023009 Key Project of Basic Research of Suzhou
• Qngg2023005 Suzhou health youth backbone talent "national tutorial system" training project
• YXY2301007 Interdisciplinary Basic Frontier Innovation Program of Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University
• YXY2304037 Interdisciplinary Basic Frontier Innovation Program of Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University
• TZKY20230107 Research project of Taizhou Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University
• Y-tongshu2021 Beijing Xisike Clinical Oncology Research Foundation
• qn-0366 Beijing Xisike Clinical Oncology Research Foundation
• National Natural Science Foundation of China
• Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province
• Beijing Xisike Clinical Oncology Research Foundation

• 16S rRNA sequencing
• Colorectal cancer
• Early detection
• Fecal microbiota
• Oral microbiota

• RIGLD1065 Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
• RIGLD1065 Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
• Regione Autonoma della Sardegna, legge regionale 12 dicembre 2022, n. 22 UNISS FAR fondi ricercar 2021, 2022 and Fondazione di Sardegna 2017
• Regione Autonoma della Sardegna, legge regionale 12 dicembre 2022, n. 22 UNISS FAR fondi ricercar 2021, 2022 and Fondazione di Sardegna 2017

• colorectal cancer
• early-onset
• epidemiology
• incidence
• pathophysiology
• prevention
• young adults

• Colorectal cancer
• Disparities
• Screening

• Humans
• United States
• Aged
• Middle Aged
• Medicare
• Early Detection of Cancer
• North Carolina/epidemiology
• Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Colorectal Neoplasms/epidemiology
• Colorectal Neoplasms/prevention & control

• Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

• CMS
• CRC
• CSC
• CTC
• EMP
• EMT
• EMT-TF
• MET
• TGF-β
• TME
• biomarkers
• clinical prognosis
• tumor heterogeneity
• tumor microenvironment

• Adult
• Humans
• Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics
• Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
• Cell Differentiation/genetics
• Cadherins/genetics
• Transcription Factors
• Transforming Growth Factor beta
• Cell Line, Tumor
• Tumor Microenvironment

• CSC 201906090390 China Scholarship Council
• L.SBN 0220 Ulm University

• colorectal cancer
• compliance
• cost coverage
• screening
• sedated colonoscopy

• cancer screening
• colon cancer

Cuprotosis, a newly proposed mechanism of cell death, can trigger acute oxidative stress that leads to cell death by mediating protein lipidation in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. However, cuprotosis-related long non-coding RNAs (CRLNCs) and their relationship with prognosis and the immunological landscape of colorectal cancer (CRC) are unclear. We have developed a lncRNA signature to predict survival time, immune infiltration, and sensitivity to chemotherapy. CRLNCs were screened using the Cor function of the R software and the differentially expressed lncRNAs were collected with the limma package. Differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated with prognosis were selected using univariate regression analysis. A prognostic signature was developed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate regression analysis. Patients with CRC were divided into two groups based on the risk score. The low-risk group had a more favorable prognosis, higher expression of immune checkpoints, and a higher level of immune cell infiltration compared with the high-risk group. Furthermore, there was a close association between the risk score and the clinical stage, tumor mutational burden, cancer stem cell index, and microsatellite instability. We also assessed chemotherapy response in the two risk groups. Our study analyzed the role of CRLNCs in CRC and provided novel targets and strategies for CRC chemotherapy and immunotherapy.

• Department of Finance of Jilin Province

• ‘clinical practice guidelines’
• ‘colorectal cancer screening’
• ‘consensus’
• ‘quality of guidelines’
• ‘shared decision-making’

• Humans
• Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Decision Making
• Decision Making, Shared
• Early Detection of Cancer
• Patient Participation

To study the pattern and treatment outcome of rectal cancer (RC) with concurrent locoregional recurrence (LR) and distant metastasis (DM) after total mesorectal excision (TME) and to identify patient-, disease-, and treatment-related factors associated with differences in prognosis after concurrent LR and DM.

RC patients who were diagnosed with concurrent LR and DM after TME from May 2015 to June 2019 were included in our study. All patients received single or multiple treatment modalities under the guidance of multidisciplinary team (MDT) of colorectal cancer in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. The prognostic value of various clinicopathological factors for survival were calculated by Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression analyses.

A total of 74 RC patients with concurrent LR and DM who had undergone TME with a median follow-up of 27 months were eligible for analysis. The median survival of the included patients was 34 months, and 30 patients (41%) died. Fifty-nine patients (80%) underwent comprehensive treatments. Patients with oligometastatic disease (OMD) achieved no evidence of disease (NED) status more frequently than those with multiple metastases (P = 0.003). In the univariate analysis, patients achieving NED, diagnosed with OMD and five or less peritoneal metastases tended to have longer survival after LR and DM diagnosis (P < 0.05). In the multivariate analysis, attaining NED status was the only independent factor for survival (hazard ratio (HR), 2.419; P = 0.032). Survival after concurrent LR and DM in the non-NED group was significantly shorter than that in the NED group (median survival, 32 vs. 46 months; HR, 2.7; P = 0.014).

The pattern and treatment outcome of RC with concurrent LR and DM after TME has changed with the development of multiple treatment modalities. Although the prognosis remains poor, pursuing NED status through comprehensive treatments may improve the survival of RC patients with concurrent LR and DM after TME.

• Distant metastasis
• Locoregional recurrence
• NED
• Rectal cancer
• Treatment outcome

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Eosinophils are traditionally associated and studied in context of allergic diseases. However, recent data implicate their involvement in mucosal tumors, especially in CRC where they may have an anti-tumorigenic function.

Our objective was to evaluate whether trends in peripheral blood eosinophil numbers are associated with future diagnosis of CRC.

This retrospective cohort study included adult patients diagnosed with CRC compared to matched controls. We evaluated the linear change in the absolute number of eosinophils (ANE) in peripheral blood over time, described as a correlation coefficient (r). The timeline started 7 years and ended 3 months before diagnosis of CRC.

We included 8334 CRC patient/control pairs. Over the study period, no linear correlation was found between levels of eosinophils and time in either group. In a subset of patients (1350, 8.1%), a positive linear correlation was found between levels of eosinophils and time. CRC was significantly more common in these patients (59% vs. 41%, p < 0.01). In a logistic regression, positive r was found to be an independent predictor for CRC (OR 1.31, 95%CI: 1.22–1.41, p < 0.001) with high specificity (0.93) but low sensitivity (0.1).

We found higher risk for CRC in patients with a positive linear increase in peripheral eosinophils over time. This may be an indirect clue that eosinophils play a role in the pathogenesis of CRC. Linear changes in ANE may be used in the future to improve screening measures for CRC.

Not relevant.

Increasing number of individuals will have first-degree relatives (FDRs) diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC), as a second primary malignancy (CRCa-2) after a non-CRC cancer. We aimed to estimate whether and to what extent a family history of CRCa-2 is associated with an increased CRC risk.

In this Swedish nationwide cohort study, rate ratio (RR) and cumulative incidence of CRC were estimated among 172,531 individuals with a family history of CRC as a first primary malignancy (CRCa-1) and 17,830 with a family history of CRCa-2, respectively, using individuals without cancer family history as the reference group.

A cumulative incidence of CRC by age 80 was 6.3 and 5.6% for individuals with a parental and a sibling family history of CRCa-2, respectively. RRs of CRC for one FDR diagnosed with CRCa-1 and CRCa-2 were respectively 1.72 (95% CI, 1.65–1.79) and 1.50 (1.32–1.70); the latter RR was lower than the former (P = 0.0356), but no difference was observed after adjusting age of diagnosis of CRC in FDR and family relationship (P = 0.6898). Increased RRs were found to be associated with a CRCa-2 diagnosis in FDR that occured after cancers in upper aerodigestive tract, breast, prostate, kidney and nervous system.

Individuals who have relatives with CRCa-2 have an increased risk of CRC, but the magnitude is lower than those having relatives with CRCa-1, which is related to different ages of diagnosis of CRC in FDR and family relationships.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-10000-z.

• Colon cancer
• Familial clustering
• Multiple primary cancer
• Rectal cancer

The RNA profiles of tumor-educated platelets (TEPs) possess pathological features that could be used for early cancer detection. However, the utility of TEP RNA profiling in detecting early colorectal cancer (CRC) versus noncancerous colorectal diseases has not yet been investigated. This study assesses the diagnostic capacity of TEP RNA profiles in a cohort of patients with CRC and noncancerous diseases.

Transcriptome sequencing for platelets isolated from 132 patients with CRC at early and late stages and 190 controls consisting of healthy donors and patients with ulcerative disease, Crohn’s disease, polyps, and adenomas was performed and analyzed using binary particle swarm optimization coupled with support vector machine to identify genes that contributed to the classification of CRC patients versus controls. The area under the receiver operating curves (AUROCs) and the accuracy of TEP RNA profiles in CRC diagnosis were assessed.

TEP RNA profiling achieved high performance in distinguishing and staging CRC patients from the controls. Using the swarm intelligence algorithm, the 921 most contributive genes that classified CRC patients from the controls were identified. AUROCs of 0.928 for the training set via leave-one-out cross-validation and 0.92 for the validation set were achieved, both of which were significantly higher than the clinically utilized serum biomarkers: carcinoembryonic antigen and cancer antigen 19-9. Notably, an AUROC of 0.915 in an external validation set was achieved. For predicting different CRC stages, an AUROC of 0.984 was achieved in the training set and 1.000 in the internal validation set.

RNA profiles of TEPs are of potential diagnostic value for identifying early CRC from noncancerous diseases. Prospective studies are needed to validate its clinical relevance.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13073-022-01033-x.

• Colorectal cancer
• Early diagnosis
• Platelet
• RNA profiles

The management of endoscopically resected pT1 colorectal cancer (CRC) relies on nodal metastasis risk estimation based on the assessment of specific histopathological features. Avoiding the overtreatment of metastasis-free patients represents a crucial unmet clinical need. By analyzing a consecutive series of 207 pT1 CRCs treated with colectomy and lymphadenectomy, this study aimed to develop a novel clinicopathological score to improve pT1 CRC metastasis prediction. First, we established the clinicopathological profile of metastatic cases: lymphovascular invasion (OR: 23.8; CI: 5.12–110.9) and high-grade tumor budding (OR: 5.21; CI: 1.60–16.8) correlated with an increased risk of nodal metastasis, while age at diagnosis >65 years (OR: 0.26; CI: 0.09–0.71) and high tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (OR: 0.19; CI: 0.06–0.59) showed a protective effect. Combining these features, we built a five-tier risk score that, applied to our series, identified cases with a higher risk (score ≥ 2) of nodal metastasis (OR: 7.7; CI: 2.4–24.4). Notably, a score of 0 was only assigned to cases with no metastases (13/13 cases) and all the score 4 samples (2/2 cases) showed nodal metastases. In conclusion, we developed an effectively combined score to assess pT1 CRC nodal metastasis risk. We believe that its adoption within a multidisciplinary pT1 unit could improve patients' clinical management and limit surgical overtreatment.

To compare the accuracy of multi-slice spiral computerized tomography (MSCT) with colonoscopy for diagnosing synchronous colorectal carcinoma (SCC).

We retrospectively analyzed all consecutive patients admitted to our institution with colorectal carcinoma between 19 September 2014 and 31 January 2020. Data on SCC patients who had undergone MSCT and colonoscopy were analyzed. Information on tumor location, tumor size, missed diagnosis by MSCT or colonoscopy, T stage, pathological type, and reasons for missed diagnosis was recorded and used to assess the diagnostic accuracies of MSCT and colonoscopy.

Twenty-three cases met the inclusion criteria. MSCT plus colonoscopy had a significantly higher diagnostic accuracy (93.5%) than colonoscopy alone. There were significant differences in missed diagnosis rates of proximal cancer (34.8%) and distal cancer (4.3%) by colonoscopy. For MSCT, the missed diagnosis rate for tumors with a median long diameter of 1.25 cm (interquartile range 0.80, 1.50) was significantly lower than that for larger tumors (long diameter 4.00 cm; 3.00, 6.00).

MSCT is a valuable diagnostic tool for SCC that can effectively minimize the missed diagnosis rate of primary tumors when combined with colonoscopy.

• Abdomen
• colorectal carcinoma
• computed tomography
• endoscopy
• large bowel
• technology assessment

Esophagogastroduodenoscopies and colonoscopies are the main diagnostic examinations for esophageal, stomach, and colorectal tumors.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a new branch of computer science involving many disciplines and technologies. Since its application in the medical field, it has been constantly studied and developed. AI includes machine learning and neural networks to create new technologies or to improve existing ones. Various AI supporting systems are available for a personalized and novel strategy for the management of colorectal cancer (CRC). This mini-review aims to summarize the progress of research and possible clinical applications of AI in the investigation, early diagnosis, treatment, and management of CRC, to offer elements of knowledge as a starting point for new studies and future applications.

• Artificial intelligence
• Oncology
• Colorectal cancer
• Digestive surgery
• Computer-assisted diagnosis

• CRC
• disease mechanism
• metabolomics
• potential marker
• urine

• autonomic nervous system
• biosignals
• colonoscopy
• propofol
• sedation

• Lynch syndrome
• colonoscopy surveillance
• colorectal cancer
• incident cancer risk
• microsatellite instability
• mismatch repair deficiency

• Colonoscopy/methods
• Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics
• Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis/diagnosis
• Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis/genetics
• DNA Mismatch Repair/genetics
• DNA Repair Enzymes/genetics
• Humans
• Mass Screening/methods
• Microsatellite Instability
• Population Surveillance/methods
• Risk Factors

• 15934 Cancer Research UK
• 24991 Cancer Research UK

Snare entrapment is a rare complication of hot snare polypectomy of large colon polyps. We report a case of snare entrapment in our unit and its management. This report highlights the method of delayed removal of snare followed by repeat colonoscopy.

• artificial intelligence
• colonoscopy
• meta-analysis
• polyp detection
• randomized clinical trial

• Education, Medical, Graduate
• Healthcare Disparities
• Humans
• Racism
• Students, Medical
• United States

• T32 GM007739 NIGMS NIH HHS

• Inflammatory response
• Noncoding RNAs
• Super enhancers
• Therapy
• Tumorigenesis

• Artificial intelligence
• colonoscopy
• colorectal cancer
• diagnosis
• pathological biopsy
• therapy

• Cancer stem cell
• Colorectal cancer
• Immunotherapy
• MUC1
• Vaccine

Early detection of capecitabine-resistance could largely increase overall survival of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Previous studies suggested examination of immune cells in peripheral blood would help to predict efficacy of chemotherapy.

We examined the immunological characteristics of peripheral blood in CRC patients with capecitabine treatment. We analyzed the relationships between the abnormal immune cell population in capecitabine-resistance patients and major clinical features. Furthermore, RNA sequencing, analyses of cell surface marker expression and the correlations with other major immune cell populations were performed using this population to explore the possible function of these cells.

The expression level of CD16 on neutrophils was down-regulated in capecitabine-resistant CRC patients. Patients with CD16^low/−neutrophils after capecitabine therapy had adverse clinical features. What’s important, the change of CD16 expression level on neutrophils appeared much earlier than CT scan. RNA sequencing revealed that CD16^low/−neutrophils in capecitabine-resistant patients had lower expression level of neutrophil-related genes, compared to CD16⁺neutrophils in capecitabine-sensitive patients, suggesting this CD16^low/−population might be immature neutrophils. Furthermore, the expression level of CD16 on neutrophils in patients with capecitabine treatment was positively correlated with the number of anti-tumor immune cell subsets, such as CD8⁺T cell, CD4⁺T cell, NK cell and monocyte.

Our findings indicated that CD16 expression on neutrophils in peripheral blood was a good prognostic marker for predicting efficacy of capecitabine in CRC patients.

• CD16
• Capecitabine-resistance
• Colorectal cancer
• Neutrophils

• MRI and cancer
• MRI surveillance
• Neuromodulation
• cancer screening

Colorectal cancer is an aggressive malignancy for which there are limited treatment options. Oncolytic vaccinia virus is being developed as a novel strategy for cancer therapy. Arming vaccinia virus with immunostimulatory cytokines can enhance the tumor cell-specific replication and antitumor efficacy. Interleukin-24 (IL-24) is an important immune mediator, as well as a broad-spectrum tumor suppressor. We constructed a targeted vaccinia virus of Guang9 strain harboring IL-24 (VG9-IL-24) to evaluate its antitumor effects. In vitro, VG9-IL-24 induced an increased number of apoptotic cells and blocked colorectal cancer cells in the G₂/M phase of the cell cycle. VG9-IL-24 induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells via multiple apoptotic signaling pathways. In vivo, VG9-IL-24 significantly inhibited the tumor growth and prolonged the survival both in human and murine colorectal cancer models. In addition, VG9-IL-24 stimulated multiple antitumor immune responses and direct bystander antitumor activity. Our results indicate that VG9-IL-24 can inhibit the growth of colorectal cancer tumor by inducing oncolysis and apoptosis as well as stimulating the antitumor immune effects. These findings indicate that VG9-IL-24 may exert a potential therapeutic strategy for combating colorectal cancer.

• Colon
• Familial
• Inherited
• Rectal

• Biomarkers
• colorectal cancer
• early diagnosis
• screening
• tailored therapy