BPG is committed to discovery and dissemination of knowledge
Articles Published Processes Featured Articles Journals Submit a Manuscript
Cited by in CrossRef
For: Li DW, Lu TF, Hua XW, Dai HJ, Cui XL, Zhang JJ, Xia Q. Risk factors for new onset diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation: A meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21(20): 6329-6340 [PMID: 26034369 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i20.6329]
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v21/i20/6329.htm
(352) (381) (0) (0) (8518) (66)
Number Citing Articles
1
Giacomo Germani, Marie Laryea, Laura Rubbia-Brandt, Hiroto Egawa, Patrizia Burra, John O'Grady, Kymberly D. Watt. Management of Recurrent and De Novo NAFLD/NASH After Liver Transplantation. Transplantation 2019; 103(1) doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000002485
2
A. Fernández-Ramírez, A. Olivas-Martinez, J. Ruiz-Manriquez, E. Kauffman-Ortega, C. Moctezuma-Velázquez, E. Marquez-Guillen, A.G. Contreras, M. Vilatobá, E. González-Flores, R. Cruz-Martínez, N.C. Flores-García, I. García-Juárez. Posttransplantation diabetes mellitus after liver transplant and the impact of family history of diabetes in a Mexican cohort. Revista de Gastroenterología de México (English Edition) 2024; 89(2) doi: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2023.06.002
3
Elena Garlatti Costa, Davide Bitetto, Ezio Fornasiere, Elisa Fumolo, Alberto Ferrarese, Pierluigi Toniutto. Efficacy and Safety of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and SGLT-2 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity in Liver Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2025; 14(13) doi: 10.3390/jcm14134619
4
Salah Alajous, Pooja Budhiraja. New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus after Kidney Transplantation. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2024; 13(7) doi: 10.3390/jcm13071928
5
Fu-Chao Liu, Jr-Rung Lin, Hsiu-Pin Chen, Yung-Fong Tsai, Huang-Ping Yu. Prevalence, predictive factors, and survival outcome of new-onset diabetes after liver transplantation. Medicine 2016; 95(25) doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000003829
6
Yip Han Chin, Hon Qin Marcus Tan, Cheng Han Ng, Darren Jun Hao Tan, Snow Yunni Lin, Daniel Q. Huang, Chin Meng Khoo, Mark Dhinesh Muthiah. A Time-Based Meta-Analysis on the Incidence of New Onset Diabetes after Liver Transplantation. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2021; 10(5) doi: 10.3390/jcm10051045
7
Sharfuddin Mohd, Lekkala Lithin Kumar, Vancha Harish, Rakesh Kumar, Aakriti Chaudhary, Vikas Sharma. Diabetes mellitus: Complications, emerging therapeutic targets, and evolving treatment approaches. Obesity Medicine 2025; 58 doi: 10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100652
8
Stefano Gitto, Erica Villa. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Metabolic Syndrome after Liver Transplant. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2016; 17(4) doi: 10.3390/ijms17040490
9
Jiu-lin Song, Ming Li, Lu-Nan Yan, Jia-Yin Yang, Jian Yang, Li Jiang. Higher tacrolimus blood concentration is related to increased risk of post-transplantation diabetes mellitus after living donor liver transplantation. International Journal of Surgery 2018; 51 doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.12.037
10
Chunya Cao, Mengyao Liang, Qianwei Peng. Longitudinal association of family support, health literacy, and self-management behavior in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: an analysis based on cross-lag model. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders 2025; 24(2) doi: 10.1007/s40200-025-01651-3
11
Alexandre Destere, Aurélie Premaud, Caroline Monchaud, Pierre Marquet, Jean-Baptiste Woillard. Longitudinal Exposure to Tacrolimus and New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus in Renal Transplant Patients. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 2023; 45(1) doi: 10.1097/FTD.0000000000001035
12
Yakun Li, Mateo Chvatal‐Medina, Maria Camila Trillos‐Almanza, Margery A. Connelly, Han Moshage, Stephan J. L. Bakker, Vincent E. de Meijer, Hans Blokzijl, Robin P. F. Dullaart. Branched‐chain amino acids and all‐cause mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis, and the onset of diabetes in liver transplant recipients. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 2025; 55(12) doi: 10.1111/eci.70096
13
Robert Hirten, Henry C. Bodenheimer, David Bernstein. Principles of Diabetes Mellitus. 2015;  doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-20797-1_35-1
14
Julie Høgh, Nicoline Arentoft, Nicolai Aagaard Schultz, Ask Bock, Dina Leth Møller, Børge Grønne Nordestgaard, Shoaib Afzal, Niels Kristian Aagaard, Annette Dam Fialla, Peter Holland-Fischer, Thomas Peter Almdal, Jens Hillingsø, Allan Rasmussen, Tina Vilsbøll, Susanne Dam Nielsen. Living with a transplanted liver is associated with diabetes. Scientific Reports 2026; 16(1) doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-49938-6
15
Jushan Sun, Yibiao He, Lei Bai, Zhipeng Wang, Zhu Cao, Yingmei Shao, Jinming Zhao. An Analysis of the Risk Factors for New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus After Liver Transplantation. International Journal of General Medicine 2021;  doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S324462
16
Zhen Zhang, Jianyun Sun, Meng Guo, Xuemin Yuan. Progress of new-onset diabetes after liver and kidney transplantation. Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023; 14 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1091843
17
Nathan G. Kim, Avneesh Sharma, Sammy Saab. Cardiovascular and metabolic disease in the liver transplant recipient. Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology 2020;  doi: 10.1016/j.bpg.2020.101683
18
Bishoy Lawendy, Sujitha Srinathan, Sreelakshmi Kotha, Charlene Gomes, Shruti Misra, Jeffrey Yu, Ani Orchanian‐Cheff, George Tomlinson, Mamatha Bhat. Systematic review and meta‐analysis of post‐transplant diabetes mellitus in liver transplant recipients. Clinical Transplantation 2021; 35(7) doi: 10.1111/ctr.14340
19
Thomas Jouve, Johan Noble, Lionel Rostaing, Paolo Malvezzi. An update on the safety of tacrolimus in kidney transplant recipients, with a focus on tacrolimus minimization. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety 2019; 18(4) doi: 10.1080/14740338.2019.1599858
20
Daria A. Stelmach, Kenneth J. Dery, Zoulikha Jabiry-Zieniewicz, Jerzy W. Kupiec-Weglinski. Pregnancy after orthotopic liver transplantation: a comprehensive review. Frontiers in Transplantation 2025; 4 doi: 10.3389/frtra.2025.1581273
21
Diego Alvarez-Sotomayor, Carla Satorres, Beatriz Rodríguez-Medina, Ignacio Herrero, Manuel de la Mata, Trinidad Serrano, Manuel Rodríguez-Perálvarez, Delia D'Avola, Sara Lorente, Angel Rubín, Marina Berenguer. Controlling Diabetes After Liver Transplantation. Transplantation 2016; 100(10) doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000001399
22
Guang-Han Fan, Chen-Zhi Zhang, Feng-Qiang Gao, Xu-Yong Wei, Sun-Bin Ling, Kai Wang, Jian-Guo Wang, Shu-Sen Zheng, Mehrdad Nikfarjam, Xiao Xu. A mixed blessing for liver transplantation patients — Rapamycin. Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2023; 22(1) doi: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2022.10.004
23
Aiman Ghufran, Michael R. Lucey. Zakim and Boyer's Hepatology. 2018;  doi: 10.1016/B978-0-323-37591-7.00052-5
24
A. Fernández-Ramírez, A. Olivas-Martinez, J. Ruiz-Manriquez, E. Kauffman-Ortega, C. Moctezuma-Velázquez, E. Marquez-Guillen, A.G. Contreras, M. Vilatobá, E. González-Flores, R. Cruz-Martínez, N.C. Flores-García, I. García-Juárez. Diabetes mellitus posterior a trasplante hepático y el impacto del antecedente familiar de diabetes en una cohorte mexicana. Revista de Gastroenterología de México 2024; 89(2) doi: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2023.06.004
25
Alfredo Caturano, Anna di Martino, Gaetana Albanese, Carmine Coppola, Vincenzo Russo, Kateřina Koudelková, Raffaele Galiero, Luca Rinaldi, Celestino Sardu, Aldo Marrone, Marcellino Monda, Raffaele Marfella, Jan Gojda, Ferdinando Carlo Sasso, Teresa Salvatore. The impact of new onset diabetes on cardiovascular risks in orthotopic liver transplant recipients: findings from the COLT study. Acta Diabetologica 2024; 62(6) doi: 10.1007/s00592-024-02406-x
26
Amirhossein Azhie, Priya Sheth, Ahmed Hammad, Minna Woo, Mamatha Bhat. Metabolic Complications in Liver Transplantation Recipients: How We Can Optimize Long‐Term Survival. Liver Transplantation 2021; 27(10) doi: 10.1002/lt.26219
27
Christian Jenssen, Cristine Pietsch. Stationäre Patienten mit der Nebendiagnose Diabetes mellitus: klinische Relevanz. Die Diabetologie 2022; 18(4) doi: 10.1007/s11428-022-00897-2
28
Gautam Das, Hemanth Bolusani. Hepatitis C virus infection and diabetes. Practical Diabetes 2016; 33(4) doi: 10.1002/pdi.2017
29
Sonja Beckmann, Gerda Drent, Todd Ruppar, Nataša Nikolić, Sabina De Geest. Body Weight Parameters are Related to Morbidity and Mortality After Liver Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Transplantation 2019; 103(11) doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000002811
30
Aloysious D. Aravinthan, Waleed Fateen, Adam C. Doyle, Suresh V. Venkatachalapathy, Assaf Issachar, Zita Galvin, Gonzalo Sapisochin, Mark S. Cattral, Anand Ghanekar, Ian D. McGilvray, Markus Selzner, David R. Grant, Nazia Selzner, Leslie B. Lilly, Eberhard L. Renner, Mamatha Bhat. The Impact of Preexisting and Post-transplant Diabetes Mellitus on Outcomes Following Liver Transplantation. Transplantation 2019; 103(12) doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000002757
31
Haeseon Lee, YoungRok Choi, Hae Sun Suh. The Clinical Impact of Early Steroid Withdrawal on Diabetes Mellitus After Liver Transplantation: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Transplant International 2026; 39 doi: 10.3389/ti.2026.15432
32
Abd Elkhalek Hamed, Medhat Elsahar, Nadia M. Elwan, Sarah El-Nakeep, Mervat Naguib, Hanan Hamed Soliman, Ashraf Ahmed Aboubakr, Amany AbdelMaqsod, Heba Sedrak, Samir N. Assaad, Reda Elwakil, Gamal Esmat, Samira Salh, Taymour Mostafa, Sherif Mogawer, Sameh Emil Sadek, Maha M. Saber, Hanan Ezelarab, Asem Ashraf Mahmoud, Souad Sultan, Mohamed El Kassas, Ehab Kamal, Naglaa M. ElSayed, Shorouk moussa. Managing diabetes and liver disease association. Arab Journal of Gastroenterology 2018; 19(4) doi: 10.1016/j.ajg.2018.08.003
33
Saruar Alam, Md. Kamrul Hasan, Sharif Neaz, Nazmul Hussain, Md. Faruk Hossain, Tania Rahman. Diabetes Mellitus: Insights from Epidemiology, Biochemistry, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Complications and Comprehensive Management. Diabetology 2021; 2(2) doi: 10.3390/diabetology2020004
34
Mohammad Qasim Khan, Kymberly D. Watt. Scientific Relief: When Science and Technology Agree and Lead. Liver Transplantation 2021; 27(4) doi: 10.1002/lt.25998
35
Jongman Kim, Jae-Won Joh, Kwang-Woong Lee, Dong Lak Choi, Hee-Jung Wang. Safety and efficacy of early corticosteroid withdrawal in liver transplant recipients: A randomized controlled trial. Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery 2024; 28(2) doi: 10.14701/ahbps.23-129
36
Chiara Lisi, Maria Laura Robone, Mimma Bonomo, Daniela Campion, Elisabetta Bugianesi, Carlo Alessandria. Clinical Impact and Therapeutic Management of Diabetes Mellitus in Patients With Decompensated Cirrhosis. Liver International 2026; 46(4) doi: 10.1111/liv.70597
37
Abd Elkhalek Hamed, Medhat Elsahar, Nadia M. Elwan, Sarah El-Nakeep, Mervat Naguib, Hanan Hamed Soliman, Ashraf Ahmed Aboubakr, Amany AbdelMaqsod, Heba Sedrak, Samir N. Assaad, Reda Elwakil, Gamal Esmat, Samira Salh, Taymour Mostafa, Sherif Mogawer, Sameh Emil Sadek, Maha M. Saber, Hanan Ezelarab, Asem Ashraf Mahmoud, Souad Sultan, Mohamed El Kassas, Ehab Kamal, Naglaa M. ElSayed, Shorouk Moussa. Managing diabetes and liver disease association: Practice guidelines from the Egyptian Association for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease (EASLGD). Arab Journal of Gastroenterology 2019; 20(1) doi: 10.1016/j.ajg.2019.02.002
38
Jiu-Lin Song, Wei Gao, Yan Zhong, Lu-Nan Yan, Jia-Yin Yang, Tian-Fu Wen, Bo Li, Wen-Tao Wang, Hong Wu, Ming-Qing Xu, Zhe-Yu Chen, Yong-Gang Wei, Li Jiang, Jian Yang. Minimizing tacrolimus decreases the risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation. World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016; 22(6): 2133-2141 doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i6.2133
39
Mateo Chvatal‐Medina, Yakun Li, Adrian Post, Margery A. Connelly, Han Moshage, Stephan J. L. Bakker, Vincent E. de Meijer, Hans Blokzijl, Robin P. F. Dullaart. Triacylglycerol‐Based Insulin Resistance Indices and Post‐Transplantation Diabetes Mellitus After Liver Transplantation. Lipids 2026;  doi: 10.1002/lipd.70048
40
POST-TRANSPLANT DIABETES MELLITUS (PTDM) IN PATIENTS AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION – DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT. International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science 2026; (1(49)) doi: 10.31435/ijitss.1(49).2026.4986
41
Antônio R. Andrade, Paulo L. Bittencourt, Liana Codes, Maria A. Evangelista, Alessandra O. Castro, Ney Boa Sorte, Carolina G. Almeida, Jorge A. Bastos, Helma P. Cotrim. New Onset Diabetes and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease after Liver Transplantation. Annals of Hepatology 2017; 16(6) doi: 10.5604/01.3001.0010.5285
42
Sonja Beckmann, Gerda Drent, Todd Ruppar, Nataša Nikolić, Sabina De Geest. Pre- and post-transplant factors associated with body weight parameters after liver transplantation – A systematic review and meta-analysis. Transplantation Reviews 2019; 33(1) doi: 10.1016/j.trre.2018.10.002
43
Yingzi Ming, Quan Zhuang, Baoren Tu, Gangcheng Kong, Hao Li, Ying Niu, Bo Peng, Junhui Li, Meng Yu, Min Yang. Surgical Challenges in the Management of Liver Disease. 2019;  doi: 10.5772/intechopen.81230
44
Felix Gundling. Der hepatogene Diabetes – aktueller Stand der Diagnostik und Therapie. Journal für Klinische Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel 2022; 15(2) doi: 10.1007/s41969-022-00158-z
45
Jing Liang, Chaoyang Lv, Minling Chen, Ming Xu, Chenhe Zhao, Yinqiu Yang, Jina Wang, Dong Zhu, Jian Gao, Ruiming Rong, Tongyu Zhu, Mingxiang Yu. Effects of preoperative hepatitis B virus infection, hepatitis C virus infection, and coinfection on the development of new‐onset diabetes after kidney transplantation. Journal of Diabetes 2019; 11(5) doi: 10.1111/1753-0407.12853
46
Stephanie Veras Terto, Samila Torquato Araújo, Francisca Diana da Silva Negreiros, Bruna Michelle Belém Leite Brasil, Gilmara Holanda da Cunha, Andrea Bezerra Rodrigues, Manuela Montenegro Dias de Carvalho, Daniel Duarte Gadelha, Antônio Augusto Ferreira Carioca, Virgínia Oliveira Fernandes, Renan Magalhães Montenegro Júnior. Risk Factors Associated With New-Onset Diabetes After Liver Transplant: A Case Control Study. Transplantation Proceedings 2019; 51(6) doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2019.04.030
47
Maria J. Peláez-Jaramillo, Allison A. Cárdenas-Mojica, Paula V. Gaete, Carlos O. Mendivil. Post-Liver Transplantation Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Relevance and Approach to Treatment. Diabetes Therapy 2018; 9(2) doi: 10.1007/s13300-018-0374-8
48
Pan Kun-ming, Chen Can, Xu Qing, Wu Wei, Lv Qian-zhou, Li Xiao-yu. Calcineurin inhibitor–associated new-onset diabetes mellitus in chronic kidney disease treatment: a 4-year single-center cross-sectional study in China. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2021; 77(7) doi: 10.1007/s00228-021-03095-z
49
Theresia Sarabhai, Annie Mathew, Jassin Rashidi-Alavijeh, Katharina Willuweit, Anja Gallinat, Dagmar Führer. Diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis after organ transplantation: Frequency, clinical features, and treatment. Deutsches Ärzteblatt international 2026;  doi: 10.3238/arztebl.m2026.0019
50
Jun Zheng, Wei-Lin Wang. Risk factors of metabolic syndrome after liver transplantation. Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2015; 14(6) doi: 10.1016/S1499-3872(15)60037-6
51
Ruiping Bai, Rui An, Siyu Chen, Wenkang Ding, Mengwen Xue, Ge Zhao, Qingyong Ma, Xin Shen. Risk factors and prediction score for new‐onset diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation. Journal of Diabetes Investigation 2024; 15(8) doi: 10.1111/jdi.14204
52
Niranjani Venkateswaran, Scott Weismiller, Karen Krok. Recurrent NASH Post-liver Transplant: Implications and Treatment. Current Hepatology Reports 2021; 20(4) doi: 10.1007/s11901-021-00569-7
53
Mateo Chvatal-Medina, Yakun Li, Adrian Post, Margery A. Connelly, Han Moshage, Stephan J. L. Bakker, Vincent E. de Meijer, Hans Blokzijl, Robin P. F. Dullaart. Effect Modification of Trimethylamine N-Oxide and Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance with Post-Transplantation Diabetes After Liver Transplant. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2026; 27(4) doi: 10.3390/ijms27041959
54
Dimitrios Patoulias, Alexandra Katsimardou, Maria-Styliani Kalogirou, Asterios Karagiannis, Michael Doumas. Is there any place for sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors in post-liver transplantation patients?. Digestive and Liver Disease 2020; 52(2) doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2019.10.016
55
Brian C. Davis, M. Shadab Siddiqui. Liver Transplantation: the Role of Metabolic Syndrome. Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology 2017; 15(2) doi: 10.1007/s11938-017-0135-1
56
Robert Hirten, Henry C. Bodenheimer, David Bernstein. Principles of Diabetes Mellitus. 2017;  doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-18741-9_35
57
Shingo Shimada, Katsunori Miyake, Deepak Venkat, Humberto Gonzalez, Dilip Moonka, Atsushi Yoshida, Marwan Abouljoud, Shunji Nagai. Clinical characteristics of new‐onset diabetes after liver transplantation and outcomes. Annals of Gastroenterological Surgery 2024; 8(3) doi: 10.1002/ags3.12775
58
Marcelo Arouca Araujo, Mateus Jorge Nardelli, Rafael Pereira Freitas Mendes, Amanda Cássia da Cruz Cardoso, Guilherme Grossi Lopes Cançado, Henrique Drumond Braga, Livia Manussakis Vaz Ferreira, Luis Henrique de Oliveira Moreira, Letícia Chaves Victor da Silva, Anderson Antônio de Faria, Claudia Alves Couto, Luciana Costa Faria. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and new onset diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation. Clinics 2025; 80 doi: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2025.100806
59
Mamta Bisht, Chandra Shekhar Singh Bisht, Kajal Gurow, Deepak Chandra Joshi, Davish D. Sangma, Higi Lohit, Manish Tripathi. Plant-Based Drug Discovery. 2026;  doi: 10.1016/B978-0-443-31698-2.00001-1
60
Giuseppina Pisano, Anna L Fracanzani, Lucio Caccamo, Maria F Donato, Silvia Fargion. Cardiovascular risk after orthotopic liver transplantation, a review of the literature and preliminary results of a prospective study. World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016; 22(40): 8869-8882 doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i40.8869
61
Diego García-Compeán, Emanuela Orsi, Ramesh Kumar, Felix Gundling, Tsutomu Nishida, Jesús Zacarías Villarreal-Pérez, Ángel N Del Cueto-Aguilera, José A González-González, Giuseppe Pugliese. Clinical implications of diabetes in chronic liver disease: Diagnosis, outcomes and management, current and future perspectives. World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022; 28(8): 775-793 doi: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i8.775
62
Ramesh Kumar, Diego García-Compeán, Tanmoy Maji. Hepatogenous diabetes: Knowledge, evidence, and skepticism. World Journal of Hepatology 2022; 14(7): 1291-1306 doi: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i7.1291
63
Mariana Baldini Campos, Cínthia Minatel Riguetto, Ilka de Fátima Santana Ferreira Boin, Arnaldo Moura. Risk factors associated with diabetes after liver transplant. Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism 2022;  doi: 10.20945/2359-3997000000447
64
Robert Hirten, Henry C. Bodenheimer, Douglas F. Meyer, David Bernstein. Principles of Diabetes Mellitus. 2017;  doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-20797-1_35-2
65
Tian Shen, Li Zhuang, Xiao-Dong Sun, Xiao-Sheng Qi, Zhi-Hui Wang, Rui-Dong Li, Wen-Xiu Chang, Jia-Yin Yang, Yang Yang, Shu-Sen Zheng, Xiao Xu. Expert consensus on management of metabolic disease in Chinese liver transplant recipients. World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020; 26(27): 3851-3864 doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i27.3851
66
Ĺubomír Skladaný, Zuzana Mesárošová, Beata Bachová, Matej Stančík, Ivana Dedinská. Alcohol-Related Liver Disease as a New Risk Factor for Post-transplant Diabetes After Liver Transplantation. Transplantation Proceedings 2019; 51(10) doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2019.07.021
All content on this site: Copyright © 1993-2026 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, its licensors, and contributors. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. For all open access content, the relevant licensing terms apply.