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For: Montagnese S, Balistreri E, Schiff S, De Rui M, Angeli P, Zanus G, Cillo U, Bombonato G, Bolognesi M, Sacerdoti D, Gatta A, Merkel C, Amodio P. Covert hepatic encephalopathy: Agreement and predictive validity of different indices. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20(42): 15756-15762 [PMID: 25400460 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i42.15756]
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v20/i42/15756.htm
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Number Citing Articles
1
Harry D Zacharias, Fady Kamel, Jaclyn Tan, Nina Kimer, Lise Lotte Gluud, Marsha Y Morgan. Rifaximin for prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2023; 2023(7) doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011585.pub2
2
Narayan Dharel, Jasmohan S. Bajaj. Definition and Nomenclature of Hepatic Encephalopathy. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology 2015; 5 doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2014.10.001
3
KASL clinical practice guidelines for liver cirrhosis: Varices, hepatic encephalopathy, and related complications. Clinical and Molecular Hepatology 2020; 26(2) doi: 10.3350/cmh.2019.0010n
4
Christian Labenz, Larissa Beul, Gerrit Toenges, Jörn M. Schattenberg, Michael Nagel, Martin F. Sprinzl, Marc Nguyen-Tat, Tim Zimmermann, Yvonne Huber, Jens U. Marquardt, Peter R. Galle, Marcus-Alexander Wörns. Validation of the simplified Animal Naming Test as primary screening tool for the diagnosis of covert hepatic encephalopathy. European Journal of Internal Medicine 2019; 60 doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2018.08.008
5
Sara Montagnese, Mette Lauridsen, Hendrik Vilstrup, Lisa Zarantonello, Géza Lakner, Sergey Fitilev, Igor Zupanets, Irina Kozlova, Elena Bunkova, Krzysztof Tomasiewicz, Jan Erik Berglund, Fredrik Rorsman, Hannes Hagström, Stergios Kechagias, Carin Edmark Ocklind, Joe Mauney, Fredrik Thunarf, Masoud Mokhatarani, Torbjörn Bäckström, Magnus Doverskog, Lars-Erik Lins, Maria Månsson, Per Samuelson, Dag Nilsson, Martin Schalling, Maja Johansson, Eva Arlander, Bruce F. Scharschmidt. A pilot study of golexanolone, a new GABA-A receptor-modulating steroid antagonist, in patients with covert hepatic encephalopathy. Journal of Hepatology 2021; 75(1) doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.03.012
6
C. Labenz, J. S. Baron, G. Toenges, J. M. Schattenberg, M. Nagel, M. F. Sprinzl, M. Nguyen‐Tat, T. Zimmermann, Y. Huber, J. U. Marquardt, P. R. Galle, M.‐A. Wörns. Prospective evaluation of the impact of covert hepatic encephalopathy on quality of life and sleep in cirrhotic patients. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2018; 48(3) doi: 10.1111/apt.14824
7
Francesco Vizzutti, Filippo Schepis, Umberto Arena, Fabrizio Fanelli, Stefano Gitto, Silvia Aspite, Laura Turco, Gabriele Dragoni, Giacomo Laffi, Fabio Marra. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS): current indications and strategies to improve the outcomes. Internal and Emergency Medicine 2020; 15(1) doi: 10.1007/s11739-019-02252-8
8
Richard Parker. Early identification of hepatic encephalopathy improves outcomes. British Journal of Nursing 2020; 29(Sup17) doi: 10.12968/bjon.2020.29.Sup17.S10
9
Marsha Y. Morgan. Sherlock's Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System. 2018;  doi: 10.1002/9781119237662.ch10
10
Simon Johannes Gairing, Chiara Mangini, Lisa Zarantonello, Stefania Gioia, Elise Jonasson Nielsen, Sven Danneberg, Anna S. Lok, Philippe Sultanik, Peter Robert Galle, Joachim Labenz, Dominique Thabut, Jens Uwe Marquardt, Patricia P. Bloom, Mette Munk Lauridsen, Sara Montagnese, Silvia Nardelli, Christian Labenz. Minimal hepatic encephalopathy is associated with a higher risk of overt hepatic encephalopathy and poorer survival. Journal of Internal Medicine 2024; 295(3) doi: 10.1111/joim.13747
11
Marko Vojnovic, Ivana Pantic, Goran Jankovic, Milos Stulic, Milica Stojkovic Lalosevic, Nina Pejic, Tamara Milovanovic. EncephalApp Stroop Test as a Screening Tool for the Detection of Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients with Cirrhosis—Single-Center Experience. Gastroenterology Insights 2024; 15(1) doi: 10.3390/gastroent15010017
12
Alena F. Ehrenbauer, Julius F.M. Egge, Maria M. Gabriel, Anja Tiede, Meike Dirks, Jennifer Witt, Heiner Wedemeyer, Benjamin Maasoumy, Karin Weissenborn. Comparison of 6 tests for diagnosing minimal hepatic encephalopathy and predicting clinical outcome: A prospective, observational study. Hepatology 2024; 80(2) doi: 10.1097/HEP.0000000000000770
13
Christopher F. Rose, Piero Amodio, Jasmohan S. Bajaj, Radha Krishan Dhiman, Sara Montagnese, Simon D. Taylor-Robinson, Hendrik Vilstrup, Rajiv Jalan. Hepatic encephalopathy: Novel insights into classification, pathophysiology and therapy. Journal of Hepatology 2020; 73(6) doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.07.013
14
Karin Weissenborn. Hepatic Encephalopathy: Definition, Clinical Grading and Diagnostic Principles. Drugs 2019; 79(S1) doi: 10.1007/s40265-018-1018-z
15
H. D. Zacharias, C. D. Jackson, M. Y. Morgan, S. S. Olesen. Letter: stepwise diagnosis in covert hepatic encephalopathy – critical flicker frequency and MELD‐score as a first‐step approach. Replication and pitfalls. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2017; 45(1) doi: 10.1111/apt.13830
16
Sara Montagnese, Francesco Paolo Russo, Piero Amodio, Patrizia Burra, Antonio Gasbarrini, Carmela Loguercio, Giulio Marchesini, Manuela Merli, Francesca Romana Ponziani, Oliviero Riggio, Carmelo Scarpignato. Hepatic encephalopathy 2018: A clinical practice guideline by the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (AISF). Digestive and Liver Disease 2019; 51(2) doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2018.11.035
17
Juan Miguel Abdo Francis, Mauricio de Ariño Suárez, Graciela Elia Castro Narro, René Malé Velázquez, Mayra Virginia Ramos Gómez, María Teresa Rizo Robles, José Antonio Velarde Ruiz Velasco. Encefalopatía hepática: historia natural de la enfermedad, nueva clasificación e impacto en la calidad de vida. Latin american journal of clinical sciences and medical technology 2019; 1(1) doi: 10.34141/LJCS1419379
18
Karen Louise Thomsen, Jane Macnaughtan, Giovanni Tritto, Rajeshwar P. Mookerjee, Rajiv Jalan, Matias A Avila. Clinical and Pathophysiological Characteristics of Cirrhotic Patients with Grade 1 and Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy. PLOS ONE 2016; 11(1) doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146076
19
Carla Giménez-Garzó, Alessandra Fiorillo, María-Pilar Ballester-Ferré, Juan-José Gallego, Franc Casanova-Ferrer, Amparo Urios, Salvador Benlloch, David Martí-Aguado, Teresa San-Miguel, Joan Tosca, María-Pilar Ríos, Cristina Montón, Lucía Durbán, Desamparados Escudero-García, Luis Aparicio, Vicente Felipo, Carmina Montoliu. A New Score Unveils a High Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2021; 10(13) doi: 10.3390/jcm10132806
20
Harry D Zacharias, Antony P Zacharias, Lise Lotte Gluud, Marsha Y Morgan. Pharmacotherapies that specifically target ammonia for the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in adults with cirrhosis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2019;  doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012334.pub2
21
Jasmohan S. Bajaj. Diagnosing Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy: From the Ivory Tower to the Real World. Gastroenterology 2015; 149(6) doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.09.028
22
Andres Duarte-Rojo, Sanath Allampati, Leroy R. Thacker, Christopher R. Flud, Kavish R. Patidar, Melanie B. White, Jagpal S. Klair, Douglas M. Heuman, James B. Wade, Edith A. Gavis, Jasmohan S. Bajaj. Diagnosis of covert hepatic encephalopathy: a multi-center study testing the utility of single versus combined testing. Metabolic Brain Disease 2019; 34(1) doi: 10.1007/s11011-018-0350-z
23
Elliot B. Tapper. Predicting Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy for the Population With Cirrhosis. Hepatology 2019; 70(1) doi: 10.1002/hep.30533
24
Sandip Tejpal, Saajan Kumar Sharma, Astha Sharma, Sachit Sharma. A Comprehensive Review on Hepatic Encephalopathy: Pathophysiology, Symptoms, Epidemiology, Classification, Diagnosis and Treatment. Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 2024; 3(3) doi: 10.55544/jrasb.3.3.27
25
Rodrigo C. Surjan, Elizabeth S. dos Santos, Tiago Basseres, Fabio F. Makdissi, Marcel A. Machado. A Proposed Physiopathological Pathway to Hyperammonemic Encephalopathy in a Non-Cirrhotic Patient with Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma without Ornithine Transcarbamylase (OTC) Mutation. American Journal of Case Reports 2017; 18 doi: 10.12659/AJCR.901682
26
Dieter Häussinger, Radha K. Dhiman, Vicente Felipo, Boris Görg, Rajiv Jalan, Gerald Kircheis, Manuela Merli, Sara Montagnese, Manuel Romero-Gomez, Alfons Schnitzler, Simon D. Taylor-Robinson, Hendrik Vilstrup. Hepatic encephalopathy. Nature Reviews Disease Primers 2022; 8(1) doi: 10.1038/s41572-022-00366-6
27
Paolo Feltracco, Annachiara Cagnin, Cristiana Carollo, Stefania Barbieri, Carlo Ori. Neurological disorders in liver transplant candidates: Pathophysiology and clinical assessment. Transplantation Reviews 2017; 31(3) doi: 10.1016/j.trre.2017.02.006
28
Sara Montagnese, Michele De Rui, Paolo Angeli, Piero Amodio. Neuropsychiatric performance in patients with cirrhosis: Who is “normal”?. Journal of Hepatology 2017; 66(4) doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.11.021
29
Cristina Ripoll. The advantage of calling things by the same name. Liver Transplantation 2018; 24(5) doi: 10.1002/lt.25061
30
Carla Giménez-Garzó, Juan José Garcés, Amparo Urios, Alba Mangas-Losada, Raquel García-García, Olga González-López, Remedios Giner-Durán, Desamparados Escudero-García, Miguel Angel Serra, Emilio Soria, Vicente Felipo, Carmina Montoliu, Han-Chieh Lin. The PHES battery does not detect all cirrhotic patients with early neurological deficits, which are different in different patients. PLOS ONE 2017; 12(2) doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171211
31
Yilong Liu, Kai Ding, Yifan Qiu, Peiqin Wang, Ruoyao Wang, Xin Zeng, Chuan Yin. Interpretable machine learning model for predicting covert hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: a multicenter study. Frontiers in Medicine 2025; 12 doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1686005
32
Maja Johansson, Jessica Strömberg, Gianna Ragagnin, Magnus Doverskog, Torbjörn Bäckström. GABAA receptor modulating steroid antagonists (GAMSA) are functional in vivo. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2016; 160 doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.10.019
33
Mahmoud A Osman, Moataz M Sayed, Khaled A Mansour, Shereen A Saleh, Wesam A Ibrahim, Sara M Abdelhakam, Mohamed Bahaa, Wael A Yousry, Hosam S Elbaz, Reginia N Mikhail, Azza M Hassan, Ehab H Elsayed, Dalia A Mahmoud. Reversibility of minimal hepatic encephalopathy following liver transplantation in Egyptian cirrhotic patients. World Journal of Hepatology 2016; 8(30): 1279-1286 doi: 10.4254/wjh.v8.i30.1279
34
R. Greinert, A. Zipprich, C. Ripoll. Letter: stepwise diagnosis in covert hepatic encephalopathy – critical flicker frequency and MELD‐score as a first‐step approach. Replication and pitfalls. Authors‘ reply. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2017; 45(1) doi: 10.1111/apt.13850
35
Leonard Kaps, Katharina Hildebrand, Michael Nagel, Maurice Michel, Wolfgang Maximilian Kremer, Max Hilscher, Peter R. Galle, Jörn M. Schattenberg, Marcus-Alexander Wörns, Christian Labenz. Validation of EncephalApp_Stroop as screening tool for the detection of minimal hepatic encephalopathy in German patients with liver cirrhosis. Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology 2022; 46(4) doi: 10.1016/j.clinre.2022.101873
36
Andy Liu, Ryan B Perumpail, Radhika Kumari, Zobair M Younossi, Robert J Wong, Aijaz Ahmed. Advances in cirrhosis: Optimizing the management of hepatic encephalopathy. World Journal of Hepatology 2015; 7(29): 2871-2879 doi: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i29.2871
37
B. Hermann, A. Santiago, S. Mouri, D. Thabut, N. Weiss. Nouveautés dans l’encéphalopathie hépatique : de l’encéphalopathie hépatique minimale à l’encéphalopathie hépatique clinique. Pratique Neurologique - FMC 2018; 9(1) doi: 10.1016/j.praneu.2018.01.001
38
P. I. Kuznetsova, A. A. Raskurazhev, S. N. Morozova, I. M. Lovchev, M. S. Novruzbekov, M. M. Tanashyan. Minimal hepatic encephalopathy: clinical, neurophysiological, neuroimaging markers. Russian neurological journal 2023; 28(5) doi: 10.30629/2658-7947-2023-28-5-21-27
39
Yevedzo Ntuli, Chiara Mangini, Thomas Henry Tranah, Victoria T Kronsten, Sara Montagnese, Debbie L Shawcross. Hepatic encephalopathy: Part 1, a diagnostic approach. Frontline Gastroenterology 2026; 17(4) doi: 10.1136/flgastro-2025-103135
40
Jessica Faccioli, Silvia Nardelli, Stefania Gioia, Oliviero Riggio, Lorenzo Ridola. Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy Affects Daily Life of Cirrhotic Patients: A Viewpoint on Clinical Consequences and Therapeutic Opportunities. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2022; 11(23) doi: 10.3390/jcm11237246
41
Rebecca Jeyaraj, Harry D Zacharias, Sonam Vadera, Zhi Yang Low, Lise Lotte Gluud, Marsha Y Morgan. Aminoglycosides, vancomycin, and metronidazole for people with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2026; 2026(2) doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012734.pub2
42
Christopher R. Flud, Andres Duarte-Rojo. Prognostic Implications of Minimal/Covert Hepatic Encephalopathy: Large-scale Validation Cohort Studies. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology 2019; 9(1) doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2018.04.009
43
Lise L. Gluud, Rebecca Jeyaraj, Marsha Y. Morgan. Outcomes in Clinical Trials Evaluating Interventions for the Prevention and Treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathy. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology 2019; 9(3) doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2019.02.004
44
Anna Hadjihambi, Natalia Arias, Mohammed Sheikh, Rajiv Jalan. Hepatic encephalopathy: a critical current review. Hepatology International 2018; 12(S1) doi: 10.1007/s12072-017-9812-3
45
Jasmohan S. Bajaj, Mette Lauridsen, Elliot B. Tapper, Andres Duarte-Rojo, Robert S. Rahimi, Puneeta Tandon, Debbie L. Shawcross, Dominique Thabut, Radha K. Dhiman, Manuel Romero-Gomez, Barjesh C. Sharma, Sara Montagnese. Important Unresolved Questions in the Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy: An ISHEN Consensus. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2020; 115(7) doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000603
46
Sanath Allampati, Andres Duarte-Rojo, Leroy R Thacker, Kavish R Patidar, Melanie B White, Jagpal S Klair, Binu John, Douglas M Heuman, James B Wade, Christopher Flud, Robert O’Shea, Edith A Gavis, Ariel B Unser, Jasmohan S Bajaj. Diagnosis of Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy Using Stroop EncephalApp: A Multicenter US-Based, Norm-Based Study. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2016; 111(1) doi: 10.1038/ajg.2015.377
47
B. Hermann, N. Weiss, D. Thabut. Letter: stepwise diagnosis in covert hepatic encephalopathy – do not forget ammonia. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2016; 44(8) doi: 10.1111/apt.13760
48
Lalit C Kummetha, Shrey Bhatt, Venkatesh Vaithiyam, Barjesh C Sharma, Siddharth Srivastava, Bhawna Mahajan, Kalpana Bansal, Neera Chaudhry, Monica S Tandon, Sanjeev Sachdeva, Ajay Kumar, Ashok Dalal, Ujjwal Sonika. Differentiation of minimal and grade 1 hepatic encephalopathy using neurophysiological, neuropsychological, magnetic resonance spectroscopic, and systemic inflammatory parameters. World Journal of Hepatology 2026; 18(5): 118040 doi: 10.4254/wjh.v18.i5.118040
49
Adrien M Dupanloup, Peter J Dickinson, Christine M Toedebusch, Chelsea M Unkel, William T N Culp, Marguerite F Knipe. Perioperative assessment of electroencephalography in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2026; 40(1) doi: 10.1093/jvimsj/aalaf051
50
An-Jiang Wang, A-Ping Peng, Bi-Min Li, Na Gan, Li Pei, Xue-Lian Zheng, Jun-Bo Hong, Hai-Ying Xiao, Jia-Wei Zhong, Xuan Zhu. Natural history of covert hepatic encephalopathy: An observational study of 366 cirrhotic patients. World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017; 23(34): 6321-6329 doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i34.6321
51
D. Mladenović, D. Hrnčić, A. Rašić-Marković, Dj. Macut, O. Stanojlović. The Influence of Finasteride on Mean and Relative Spectral Density of EEG Bands in Rat Model of Thioacetamide-Induced Hepatic Encephalopathy. Neurotoxicity Research 2016; 30(2) doi: 10.1007/s12640-016-9610-z
52
Jasmohan S. Bajaj, Andrew Fagan, Melanie B. White, James B. Wade, Phillip B. Hylemon, Douglas M. Heuman, Michael Fuchs, Binu V. John, Chathur Acharya, Masoumeh Sikaroodi, Patrick M. Gillevet. Specific Gut and Salivary Microbiota Patterns Are Linked With Different Cognitive Testing Strategies in Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2019; 114(7) doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000102
53
Jasmohan S. Bajaj. Introduction and setting the scene: New nomenclature of hepatic encephalopathy and American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases/European Association for the Study of the Liver guidelines. Clinical Liver Disease 2017; 9(2) doi: 10.1002/cld.610
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