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For: Gurvits GE, Tan A. Black hairy tongue syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20(31): 10845-10850 [PMID: 25152586 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i31.10845]
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v20/i31/10845.htm
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Number Citing Articles
1
X. Wang, S. Yang, Y. Wang. Image Gallery: Black hairy tongue in a patient receiving enteral feeding. British Journal of Dermatology 2019; 181(4) doi: 10.1111/bjd.18205
2
Puravoor Jayasree, Feroze Kaliyadan, Karalikkattil T. Ashique. Black Hairy Tongue. JAMA Dermatology 2022; 158(5) doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.5314
3
Alessandro Villa, Sook Bin Woo. Leukoplakia—A Diagnostic and Management Algorithm. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2017; 75(4) doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2016.10.012
4
yasemin korkut, nazlı dizen namdar. Siyah kıllı dil: vaka serisi. Aile Hekimliği ve Palyatif Bakım 2017; 2(1) doi: 10.22391/920.283319
5
Vijayasankar Palaniappan, Kaliaperumal Karthikeyan. Black Hairy Tongue. Pigment International 2026; 13(2) doi: 10.4103/pigmentinternational_36_25
6
Ashrafur Rahaman Mahadi, Mahabubul Islam Majumder. Black‐brown hairy tongue: An unusual adverse effect of linezolid. Precision Medical Sciences 2022; 11(4) doi: 10.1002/prm2.12083
7
Wolfgang Grisold, Walter Struhal, Anna Grisold. The Cranial Nerves in Neurology. 2023;  doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-43081-7_18
8
Dal-Nim Yang, Yong-Duk Park. Smoking and Oral Diseases. Journal of the Korean Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 2015; 6(1) doi: 10.25055/JKSRNT.2015.6.1.1
9
Dorota Olczak‐Kowalczyk, Ewa Krasuska‐Sławińska, Dariusz Gozdowski, Wojciech Kowalczyk, Joanna Pawłowska. Oral mucosa lesions and gingival bleeding can indicate the progression of liver disease in children and adolescents aged two to 18 years. Acta Paediatrica 2018; 107(5) doi: 10.1111/apa.14213
10
Aaron R. Mangold, Rochelle R. Torgerson, Roy S. Rogers. Diseases of the tongue. Clinics in Dermatology 2016; 34(4) doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2016.02.018
11
Anil Kumar Jain, Kanishka Sinha, Yash Raj Singh. Imipenem-cilastatin and Linezolid induced black hairy tongue and teeth used in an Extremely drug resistant tuberculosis (XXDR)- case report and its clinical implications. Indian Journal of Tuberculosis 2026; 73(3) doi: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2025.08.010
12
Karthik Rajarammohan, Mohan Narayanan, Ravikumar P. T., Saramma Mathew Fenn, Sabitha Gokulraj. Hairy Tongue - A Series of 4 Cases. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 2020; 9(35) doi: 10.14260/jemds/2020/557
13
Jaemin Lee, Hyun Sung Chung, Jiyeon Roh, Yeseul Oh, Jeongha Mok. Linezolid-induced black hairy tongue in a patient with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: A case report. Science Progress 2021; 104(3) doi: 10.1177/00368504211042982
14
Leyao Shi, Yahui Feng, Dongmei Shi. Two Cases of Superficial Fungal Infection Caused by Non-Albicans Candida Species Manifest Greenish-black Discoloration. Infection and Drug Resistance 2024;  doi: 10.2147/IDR.S438079
15
Haya Alayadi. The Impact of Nicotine Patches on Gingival and Oral Health: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2024;  doi: 10.7759/cureus.70571
16
Emma Schlager, Chelsea St. Claire, Kurt Ashack, Amor Khachemoune. Black Hairy Tongue: Predisposing Factors, Diagnosis, and Treatment. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology 2017; 18(4) doi: 10.1007/s40257-017-0268-y
17
Yashendra Sethi, Inderbir Padda, Matthew Fulton, Oroshay Kaiwan, Hitesh Chopra, Talha Bin Emran. Linezolid-induced black hairy tongue in a patient treated for idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: a case report. Annals of Medicine & Surgery 2023; 85(6) doi: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000000834
18
Rong-rui Wang, Jia-liang Chen, Shao-jie Duan, Ying-xi Lu, Ping Chen, Yuan-chen Zhou, Shu-kun Yao. Noninvasive Diagnostic Technique for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Based on Features of Tongue Images. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024; 30(3) doi: 10.1007/s11655-023-3616-1
19
Masaya Iwamuro, Kenta Hamada, Seiji Kawano, Yoshiro Kawahara, Motoyuki Otsuka. Review of oral and pharyngolaryngeal benign lesions detected during esophagogastroduodenoscopy. World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2023; 15(7): 496-509 doi: 10.4253/wjge.v15.i7.496
20
Satoko Tsuchida, Ken Yoshimura, Naoki Nakamura, Naoki Asanuma, Shin-ichi Iwasaki, Yukio Miyagawa, Shinichi Yamagiwa, Takashi Ebihara, Yuko Morozumi, Tomoichiro Asami, Naoki Kosuge. Non-invasive intravital observation of lingual surface features using sliding oral mucoscopy techniques in clinically healthy subjects. Odontology 2020; 108(1) doi: 10.1007/s10266-019-00444-4
21
Diagnostic Pathology: Head and Neck. 2016;  doi: 10.1016/B978-0-323-39255-6.50122-8
22
Bethanee J. Schlosser, Gabrielle-Eugenie Duprat, Ginat W. Mirowski. Comprehensive Dermatologic Drug Therapy. 2021;  doi: 10.1016/B978-0-323-61211-1.00061-9
23
Ratinder Jhaj, Pushp Raj Gour, Dinesh Prasad Asati. Black hairy tongue with a fixed dose combination of olanzapine and fluoxetine. Indian Journal of Pharmacology 2016; 48(3) doi: 10.4103/0253-7613.182894
24
Martine Tijssen. Kleine kwalen in de huisartsenpraktijk. 2019;  doi: 10.1007/978-90-368-2251-0_128
25
Nazanin Samiei, Hadi Kaseb Ghane, Reza Fekrazad, Gianluigi Caccianiga. Diode Laser Surgery as a Conservative Management of Hairy Tongue Lesion Resistance to Treatment. Case Reports in Dentistry 2021; 2021(1) doi: 10.1155/2021/5656884
26
Handbook of Dental Therapeutics. 2024;  doi: 10.1017/9781009057950.016
27
Constantinos Tsioutis, Panagiotis Symvoulidis, Marilena Solonos Haralambous, Sakis Lambrianides, Periklis Zavridis, Paris Papakostas, Aris P. Agouridis. Black Hairy Tongue Syndrome: Case Report and Review of the Literature. BioMed 2025; 5(4) doi: 10.3390/biomed5040022
28
Mahmoud F. Sakr. Tongue Lesions. 2022;  doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-08198-9_12
29
Anthony A. Gaspari. Hairy tongue associated with the use of baricitinib therapy for ophiasis pattern alopecia areata. JEADV Clinical Practice 2024; 3(2) doi: 10.1002/jvc2.348
30
Ashalata Gannepalli, AyinampudiB Krishna, PachaV Baghirath, BalisttyHari Vinay, Sana Khaled, Bushra Anjum. Oral Manifestations in HIV-TB Co- infected Patients and Their Correlation with CD4 Count in Telangana State, India. Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry 2020; 10(1) doi: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_448_18
31
Nurul Asyikin Yahya, A’lia N. Muhammad, Nur Atikah Hashim, Mohammed Thoriq Abdul Razab. Smoking-induced changes in saliva composition and tongue coating. PeerJ 2026; 14 doi: 10.7717/peerj.21228
32
Neel Prabha, RipuDaman Arora, Nikhil Singh, NitinM Nagarkar. Glycopyrrolate-induced black hairy tongue. Indian Dermatology Online Journal 2020; 11(2) doi: 10.4103/idoj.IDOJ_54_19
33
Siwei Long, Yajing Chen, Jing Shi, Jinzhou Tian, Jingnian Ni. Black Hairy Tongue Associated With Olanzapine Use in a Female Dementia Patient. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2022; 42(2) doi: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000001503
34
Fatma Çağlayan, Sümeyye Demir, Zeynep Turanlı Tosun, Abubekir Laloğlu. A cross-sectional study of tongue disorders among dental outpatients. Journal of Stomatology Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2025; 126(4) doi: 10.1016/j.jormas.2024.102118
35
Udo Bonnet, Peter Ringel. Black Hairy Tongue Associated With Lorazepam Treatment of a Male Smoker With Major Depression. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2017; 37(2) doi: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000000661
36
Masaya Iwamuro, Takehiro Tanaka, Motoyuki Otsuka. Black Hairy Tongue Observed During Esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Cureus 2024;  doi: 10.7759/cureus.74331
37
Mehmet Akif Camkurt, Mahmut Sami Metin, Erdem Onder Sonmez. Black Hairy Tongue Probably Related to Paroxetine Use: A Case Report. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni-Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2015; 25(4) doi: 10.5455/bcp.20150707104145
38
Connie C. Qiu, Ashley E. Brown, Gabriella R. Lobitz, Akshay Shanker, Sylvia Hsu. The color of skin: black diseases of the skin, nails, and mucosa. Clinics in Dermatology 2019; 37(5) doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.08.003
39
Cristina Cecchi, Annapaola Mariniello, Simona Carnio, Marco D. Delcuratolo, Silvia Novello. Black Hairy Tongue After Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in NSCLC: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Clinical Lung Cancer 2021; 22(6) doi: 10.1016/j.cllc.2021.03.008
40
Maryam Jessri, Hani Mawardi, Camile S. Farah, Sook-Bin Woo. Contemporary Oral Medicine. 2017;  doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-28100-1_16-1
41
Barbara Carey, Jane Setterfield. Rook's Textbook of Dermatology. 2024;  doi: 10.1002/9781119709268.rook108
42
Maksym Skrypnyk, Roman Skrypnyk, Tatiana Petrushanko, Margarita Skikevych, Vladymyr Petrushanko, Igor Skrypnyk. Case Report: Unusual oral cavity changes associated with methamphetamine abuse. Frontiers in Public Health 2025; 13 doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1473584
43
Yu Niiyama, Ryota Hase. Black hairy tongue caused by metronidazole. The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases 2021; 25(5) doi: 10.1016/j.bjid.2021.101633
44
Shaohua Luo, Qian Luo, Xinglin Gao, Jing Li. Adverse reaction report and retrospective analysis of black hairy tongue caused by linezolid. Respiratory Medicine Case Reports 2020; 31 doi: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101159
45
Yuki Yamagishi, Keisuke Maruyama, Keiichi Kobayashi, Satoshi Kume, Nobuyoshi Sasaki, Shigeomi Yokoya, Kuniaki Saito, Yoshiaki Shiokawa, Motoo Nagane. Black hairy tongue after chemotherapy for malignant brain tumors. Acta Neurochirurgica 2017; 159(1) doi: 10.1007/s00701-016-3036-5
46
Long Jiang, Kun Li, Lu Tan, Xiangdong Tang. Black hairy tongue after alprazolam intake. Clinical Case Reports 2023; 11(9) doi: 10.1002/ccr3.7831
47
Aya Murakami, Akira Morita, Yuki Watanabe, Takaya Ishikawa, Toshiya Nakaguchi, Sadayuki Ochi, Takao Namiki, Jorddy Neves Cruz. Effects of Sitting and Supine Positions on Tongue Color as Measured by Tongue Image Analyzing System and Its Relation to Biometric Information. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2024; 2024 doi: 10.1155/2024/1209853
48
Takeshi Onda, Kamichika Hayashi, Masayuki Takano. Dorsal pigmentation of tongue. European Journal of Internal Medicine 2022; 104 doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2022.08.006
49
Mahmoud F. Sakr. Tongue Lesions. 2022;  doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-08198-9_5
50
Nuran ÖZÇİFTÇİ ERTUĞRAL, Hacer ERGİN. 9 Yaşında Bir Çocuk Hastada Gelişen Siyah Kıllı Dil (Lingua villosa nigra): Olgu Sunumu. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 2019; 45(2) doi: 10.32708/uutfd.513780
51
Diana Critchlow. Part 3: Impact of systemic conditions and medications on oral health. British Journal of Community Nursing 2017; 22(4) doi: 10.12968/bjcn.2017.22.4.181
52
Guilherme C. L. S. do Amaral, Mohamed A. Hassan, Luciana Saraiva, Laís Y. S. Nakao, Marinella Holzhausen, Zilson M. Malheiros, Bernal Stewart, Giuseppe A. Romito, Cristina C. Villar. The effect of a multicomponent oral care regimen on gingival inflammation: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Journal of Periodontology 2024; 95(4) doi: 10.1002/JPER.23-0361
53
Dania Sawan, Ammar M. Mashlah, Mohammad Younis Hajeer, Abeer A. Aljoujou. Assessment of the Possible Correlation between the Presence of Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Hairy Tongue Lesion in a Group of Patients in Syria: A Cross-Sectional and Pilot Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2023; 20(2) doi: 10.3390/ijerph20021324
54
Pinilla Urraca Mayte. Black Hairy Tongue: Should We Worry?. Journal of Otolaryngology-ENT Research 2016; 4(2) doi: 10.15406/joentr.2016.04.00091
55
Toddler with a tarnished tongue. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 2016; 52(11) doi: 10.1111/jpc.2_13160
56
Yalda Aziz, Willem Maria Hubertus Rademacher, Atty Hielema, Scott Bradley Patton Wishaw, Denise Edwina van Diermen, Jan de Lange, Arjan Vissink, Frederik Reinder Rozema. Oral adverse effects: drug‐induced tongue disorders. Oral Diseases 2021; 27(6) doi: 10.1111/odi.13680
57
Kannan Sridharan, Gowri Sivaramakrishnan. Drug-associated tongue discoloration: a comprehensive assessment of USFDA adverse event reporting system using disproportionality analysis. BDJ Open 2026; 12(1) doi: 10.1038/s41405-026-00402-7
58
Reactive lesions of oral cavity. Journal of Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology 2023; 9(4) doi: 10.18231/j.jooo.2023.039
59
Maria Tzikopoulou, Evangelos Potolidis, Charalampos Mandros, Eleni-Isidora Perdikouri. Levofloxacin-induced black hairy tongue (BHT) in a 30-year-old female COVID-19 infected patient. International Journal of Case Reports and Images 2021; 12 doi: 10.5348/101264Z01TM2021CR
60
Teresa A Lopes, Armanda Rebelo, Catarina Neves. A 3‐week‐old infant with a black hairy tongue. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 2023; 59(3) doi: 10.1111/jpc.16317
61
Swapnil Shah, Shibhani Sudheer Hegde. Lingua villosa nigra in an infant. Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology 2024; 90 doi: 10.25259/IJDVL_1145_2023
62
Yi Liu, Yueh-Feng Sung, Szu-Yuan Li. An Uncommon Case of Black Hairy Tongue Induced by Antibiotics. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences 2021; 362(4) doi: 10.1016/j.amjms.2021.04.015
63
Roberto Pinna, Fabio Cocco, Guglielmo Campus, Giulio Conti, Egle Milia, Andrea Sardella, Maria Grazia Cagetti. Genetic and developmental disorders of the oral mucosa: Epidemiology; molecular mechanisms; diagnostic criteria; management. Periodontology 2000 2019; 80(1) doi: 10.1111/prd.12261
64
Rita Ortiga, Maria B Couto, Elisa Lopes, João B Fonseca. Olanzapine-Induced Black Hairy Tongue During Treatment of Hebephrenic Schizophrenia Decompensation: A Rare Case Report and Brief Review of the Literature. Cureus 2024;  doi: 10.7759/cureus.75044
65
Kshama Gupta, Prasad Mamidi. Purva Rupeeyam of bhela indriya sthana-an explorative study. International Journal of Complementary & Alternative Medicine 2020; 13(6) doi: 10.15406/ijcam.2020.13.00521
66
Onur Unal, Ayse Hilal Turker, Fusun Z Akcam. A Case Report of Black Hairy Tongue (Melanotrichia Linguae or Lingua Pilosa Nigra). Cureus 2024;  doi: 10.7759/cureus.60685
67
Swati Joshi, Ramesh K. Kushwaha, Suresh Jain. Prednisolone-Induced Black Hairy Tongue. Indian Dermatology Online Journal 2025; 16(6) doi: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_944_24
68
Philipp Müller, Naim Terai. Nebenwirkung der Sicca-Therapie. Der Ophthalmologe 2020; 117(1) doi: 10.1007/s00347-019-00951-3
69
Daniele Cavaleri, Filippo Fabio Barbieri, Alessandra Bartoccetti, Massimiliano Manzato, Marco Otto Maria Toscano, Giuseppe Carrà, Francesco Bartoli. Rapid-onset black hairy tongue following clomipramine initiation and rechallenge: A case report. Psychiatry Research Case Reports 2025; 4(2) doi: 10.1016/j.psycr.2025.100289
70
Mengya Huang, Yi Liu, Weihua Pan, Xun Zhou, Chao Zhang. Black hairy tongue caused by traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Postgraduate Medical Journal 2026; 102(1208) doi: 10.1093/postmj/qgaf161
71
Ana Paula Velez, John N. Greene, Jorge A. Lamarche. Infections in Neutropenic Cancer Patients. 2019;  doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-21859-1_2
72
Yasuhiro Kano. Black Tongue Discoloration. JAMA 2023; 329(21) doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.5894
73
Hiroshi Iwaki, Ikko Imura, Hiroshi Ito. Black hairy tongue with Candida colonization in a patient with advanced rectal cancer. Visual Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024; 37 doi: 10.1016/j.visj.2024.102143
74
Shiva Amiri, Naemeh Nikvarz, Salehe Sabouri. Drug-induced Tongue Disorders: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Current Drug Safety 2025; 20(2) doi: 10.2174/0115748863299971240513061630
75
Lei Hu, Bin Lai, Heng Guo. Linezolid-Associated Black Hairy Tongue. American Journal of Therapeutics 2026;  doi: 10.1097/MJT.0000000000002140
76
Leanne Teoh, Geraldine Moses, Michael John McCullough. A review and guide to drug‐associated oral adverse effects—Dental, salivary and neurosensory reactions. Part 1. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine 2019; 48(7) doi: 10.1111/jop.12911
77
Mahmoud F. Sakr. Tongue Lesions. 2022;  doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-08198-9_14
78
Maryam Jessri, Hani Mawardi, Camile S. Farah, Sook-Bin Woo. Contemporary Oral Medicine. 2019;  doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-72303-7_16
79
Camilo Blanco Avellaneda, Andrés Fernando Blanco Inzunza. Lengua negra pilosa asociada a carcinoma escamocelular de esófago. Revista colombiana de Gastroenterología 2021; 36(Supl. 1) doi: 10.22516/25007440.623
80
Molly S. Rosebush, Ashleigh N. Briody, Kitrina G. Cordell. Black and Brown: Non-neoplastic Pigmentation of the Oral Mucosa. Head and Neck Pathology 2019; 13(1) doi: 10.1007/s12105-018-0980-9
81
Shubhra Kanodia, Vishal Prakash Giri, Ravindra Setru Veerabhadrappa, Om Prakash Giri, Vemanna Naveen Shankar. Black hairy tongue with olanzapine. Indian Journal of Psychiatry 2017; 59(2) doi: 10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_289_16
82
Mayumi Kamaguchi, Hiroaki Iwata, Takuya Asaka, Yoshimasa Kitagawa. Diseases of the Oral Mucosa. 2021;  doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-82804-2_43
83
Jing Ren, Yao Zheng, Hui Du, Shan Wang, Linna Liu, Wanshi Duan, Zeping Zhang, Lijun Heng, Qi Yang. Antibiotic-induced black hairy tongue: two case reports and a review of the literature. Journal of International Medical Research 2020; 48(10) doi: 10.1177/0300060520961279
84
Fedora della Vella, Dorina Lauritano, Carlo Lajolo, Alberta Lucchese, Dario Di Stasio, Maria Contaldo, Rosario Serpico, Massimo Petruzzi. The Pseudolesions of the Oral Mucosa: Differential Diagnosis and Related Systemic Conditions. Applied Sciences 2019; 9(12) doi: 10.3390/app9122412
85
Yudai Tomita, Yoshiki Kusama, Chiaki Nishiyama, Yukari Atsumi, Katsunori Kamimura. Linezolid‐induced black hairy tongue in a child following osteomyelitis. Pediatrics International 2023; 65(1) doi: 10.1111/ped.15417
86
Muhammed Fatih Tabara, Beyza Vatan, Mehmet Gurkan Gurok, Murad Atmaca. Olanzapine‐Induced Black Hairy Tongue: A Case Report. Bipolar Disorders 2025; 27(4) doi: 10.1111/bdi.70015
87
Meltem Akcaboy, Sanliay Sahin, Pelin Zorlu, Saliha Şenel. Ranitidine‐induced black tongue: A case report. Pediatric Dermatology 2017; 34(6) doi: 10.1111/pde.13309
88
R. Karthik, N. Mohan. Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Lesions among Dental Patients with Mixed Habits in Salem District - A Study. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences 2017; 9(Suppl 1) doi: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_86_17
89
G. A. (Fridus) Van der Weijden, Cor van Loveren. Mechanical plaque removal in step‐1 of care. Periodontology 2000 2023;  doi: 10.1111/prd.12541
90
Po-Yuan Kuo, Ping-Ho Chen, Shan-Hong Wu. Black hairy tongue treated with traditional Chinese medicine: A case report. Medicine 2023; 102(43) doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000034430
91
Seong-uk Nam, Jae-hyung Lee, Jung-eun Lee, Na-yeon Ha, Whee-hyoung Ko, Mi-ni Hwang, Jin-sung Kim. A Case Report of Black Hairy Tongue Treated with Traditional Korean Medicine. The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine 2017; 38(2) doi: 10.22246/jikm.2017.38.2.131
92
Dipendra Adhikari, Salina Paudel, Munna William, Manoj Kumar Bhatt, Sanju Dahal, Abishkar Gautam, Binay Adhikari. Black Hairy Tongue as a Rare Adverse Effect of Linezolid in Multidrug‐Resistant Tuberculosis: A Case Report. Clinical Case Reports 2025; 13(9) doi: 10.1002/ccr3.70868
93
Gonçalo Nunes, Marta Patita, Lídia Roque-Ramos. An Uncommon Clinical Sign in a Patient With Ulcerative Colitis. Gastroenterology 2018; 155(5) doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.05.047
94
Kevin M. Byrd, Kendall J. Lough, Jeet H. Patel, Carlos Patiño Descovich, T. Anthony Curtis, Scott E. Williams. LGN plays distinct roles in oral epithelial stratification, filiform papilla morphogenesis and hair follicle development. Development 2016; 143(15) doi: 10.1242/dev.136010
95
Kin-Weng Sun, Zhi-Cheng Yang. Long-term use of triple antibiotic-induced black hairy tongue: A case report. SAGE Open Medical Case Reports 2023; 11 doi: 10.1177/2050313X231204136
96
Fridus van der Weijden, Cor van Loveren. Preventieve mondzorg. 2025;  doi: 10.1007/978-90-368-2984-7_8
97
Sampoorna Raj Choudhary, Anuj Bhatnagar, Sunil Chalise, Pankaj Das, Lekshmi Priya Krishnan. Clindamycin-Induced Black Hairy Tongue with Dermoscopic ‘Caterpillar-Like’ Appearance. Indian Journal of Postgraduate Dermatology 2026; 4 doi: 10.25259/IJPGD_207_2025
98
Apurba Narayan Mahato, Jayashree Kalita, Trishita Chatterjee, Kamini Verma, Sucharita Mandal, Niru Das. Psychotropic Medication-related Black Hairy Tongue: A Case Series. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 2025;  doi: 10.1177/02537176251363963
99
Physical Evaluation and Treatment Planning in Dental Practice. 2021;  doi: 10.1002/9781119784609.ch5
100
Richard H. Schwartz, Teresa Lee. A Two-Week-Old Term Baby With a Black Tongue. Clinical Pediatrics 2015; 54(11) doi: 10.1177/0009922814561354
101
Brad W. Neville, Douglas D. Damm, Carl M. Allen, Angela C. Chi. Color Atlas of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases. 2019;  doi: 10.1016/B978-0-323-55225-7.00001-4
102
Alper YAZİCİ, İsmail AYTAC. Electrocautery treatment for the black hairy tongue. Mucosa 2019; 2(3) doi: 10.33204/mucosa.602787
103
Sérgio Araújo Andrade, Marisa Maria Ribeiro, Sebastião Pratavieira, Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato, Fernando de Pilla Varotti. Hairy Tongue: Differential Diagnosis by Use of Widefield Optical Fluorescence. Brazilian Dental Journal 2019; 30(2) doi: 10.1590/0103-6440201902270
104
Arumugam Iswarya, Kaliaperumal Karthikeyan. Linezolid-induced black hairy tongue. Indian Journal of Drugs in Dermatology 2021; 7(2) doi: 10.4103/ijdd.ijdd_48_20
105
Laura van der Heide. Kleine Kwalen in de huisartsenpraktijk. 2024;  doi: 10.1007/978-90-368-2962-5_131
106
Sultan AlBeshri. Perspectives on tongue coating: etiology, clinical management, and associated diseases — a narrative review. The Saudi Dental Journal 2025; 37(7-9) doi: 10.1007/s44445-025-00048-5
107
Gisele N. Mainville. Non-HPV Papillary Lesions of the Oral Mucosa: Clinical and Histopathologic Features of Reactive and Neoplastic Conditions. Head and Neck Pathology 2019; 13(1) doi: 10.1007/s12105-019-01001-9
108
Abobakr Fahdawi, Zay Yar Aung, Muhammad Samar Iqbal. A Case Report of a Co-Amoxiclav-Induced Black Hairy Tongue. Cureus 2024;  doi: 10.7759/cureus.58657
109
Balasubramanian N, Rajalakshmi R, Seethalakshmi R S. LINGUA VILLOSA NIGRA WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE- A CASE REPORT. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 2017; 6(48) doi: 10.14260/Jemds/2017/807
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