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For: Bove A, Bellini M, Battaglia E, Bocchini R, Gambaccini D, Bove V, Pucciani F, Altomare DF, Dodi G, Sciaudone G, Falletto E, Piloni V. Consensus statement AIGO/SICCR diagnosis and treatment of chronic constipation and obstructed defecation (Part II: Treatment). World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18(36): 4994-5013 [PMID: 23049207 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i36.4994]
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v18/i36/4994.htm
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Number Citing Articles
1
Anton Emmanuel, Francesco Mattace-Raso, Maria Cristina Neri, Karl-Uwe Petersen, Enrique Rey, June Rogers. Constipation in older people: A consensus statement. International Journal of Clinical Practice 2017; 71(1) doi: 10.1111/ijcp.12920
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V. T. Ivashkin, M. G. Mnatsakanyan, V. S. Ostapenko, А. P. Pogromov, V. M. Nekoval, E. A. Poluectova, Yu. V. Kotovskaya, N. K. Runikhina, N. V. Sharashkina, P. V. Tsarkov, N. O. Tkacheva, Yu. N. Belenkov. Diagnosis and Treatment of Elderly and Senile Chronic Constipation: an Expert Consensus. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology 2021; 31(4) doi: 10.22416/1382-4376-2021-31-4-7-20
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Daisuke Morishita, Toshihiko Tomita, Sumire Mori, Takeshi Kimura, Tadayuki Oshima, Hirokazu Fukui, Hiroto Miwa. Senna Versus Magnesium Oxide for the Treatment of Chronic Constipation: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2021; 116(1) doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000942
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A. A. Marra, I. Simonelli, A. Parello, F. Litta, V. De Simone, P. Campennì, C. Ratto. Analysis of factors that indicated surgery in 400 patients submitted to a complete diagnostic workup for obstructed defecation syndrome and rectal prolapse using a supervised machine learning algorithm. Techniques in Coloproctology 2024; 28(1) doi: 10.1007/s10151-024-02951-1
5
Miriam Deniz, Marko Kornmann. Descensus genitalis und obstruktives Defäkationssyndrom. Die Gynäkologie 2025; 58(3) doi: 10.1007/s00129-024-05330-x
6
Christiane Ishikawa Ramos, Aline Fátima Andrade de Lima, Daniela Gimenes Grilli, Lilian Cuppari. The Short-Term Effects of Olive Oil and Flaxseed Oil for the Treatment of Constipation in Hemodialysis Patients. Journal of Renal Nutrition 2015; 25(1) doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2014.07.009
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Elham Nouhi, Roya Mansour-Ghanaei, Seyedeh Amineh Hojati, Bahare Gholami Chaboki. The effect of abdominal massage on the severity of constipation in elderly patients hospitalized with fractures: A randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing 2022; 47 doi: 10.1016/j.ijotn.2022.100936
8
Ji-Wei Sun, Jia-Ni Gu, Peng Du, Wei Chen. Comparison of two types of colectomy in treating slow transit constipation with or without melanosis coli. World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015; 21(33): 9736-9740 doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i33.9736
9
Lily P. H. Yang, Katherine A. Lyseng-Williamson. Lubiprostone: a guide to its use in chronic idiopathic constipation in the UK. Drugs & Therapy Perspectives 2014; 30(11) doi: 10.1007/s40267-014-0162-0
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Kyung Ho Song, Hye-Kyung Jung, Hyun Jin Kim, Hoon Sup Koo, Yong Hwan Kwon, Hyun Duk Shin, Hyun Chul Lim, Jeong Eun Shin, Sung Eun Kim, Dae Hyeon Cho, Jeong Hwan Kim, Hyun Jung Kim. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Korea, 2017 Revised Edition. Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility 2018; 24(2) doi: 10.5056/jnm17145
11
Kordula Lang-Illievich, Helmar Bornemann-Cimenti. Opioid-induced constipation: a narrative review of therapeutic options in clinical management. The Korean Journal of Pain 2019; 32(2) doi: 10.3344/kjp.2019.32.2.69
12
Fouad Ashoush, Ahmed Abdelrahim, Omer Ali, Dariush Kamali, Sanjay Harrison, Anil Reddy, Walid Elshazly, Mohamed Sultan, Tamer Saafan, Sabry Abounozha, Mooyad Ahmed. A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Efficacy of Bilateral Percutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation Versus Biofeedback Pelvic Floor Muscle Training in the Management of Obstructed Defecation Syndrome. Cureus 2025;  doi: 10.7759/cureus.80885
13
Aart A. van der Wilt, Bart P. W. van Wunnik, Rosel Sturkenboom, Ingrid J. Han-Geurts, Jarno Melenhorst, Marc A. Benninga, Cor G. M. I. Baeten, Stephanie O. Breukink. Sacral neuromodulation in children and adolescents with chronic constipation refractory to conservative treatment. International Journal of Colorectal Disease 2016; 31(8) doi: 10.1007/s00384-016-2604-8
14
M. Bellini, D. Gambaccini, S. Salvadori, C. Tosetti, M. T. Urbano, F. Costa, P. Monicelli, M. G. Mumolo, A. Ricchiuti, N. De Bortoli, S. Marchi. Management of chronic constipation in general practice. Techniques in Coloproctology 2013;  doi: 10.1007/s10151-013-1093-9
15
Ghazaleh Rostaminia, Steven Abramowitch, Cecilia Chang, Roger P. Goldberg. Descent and hypermobility of the rectum in women with obstructed defecation symptoms. International Urogynecology Journal 2020; 31(2) doi: 10.1007/s00192-019-03934-9
16
Patrick Schoeters, Karl De Pooter. Lanreotide Autogel in the Treatment of Persistent Diarrhea following a Total Colectomy. Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicine 2015; 2015 doi: 10.1155/2015/686120
17
Liang Dai, Linda LD Zhong, Guang Ji. Irritable bowel syndrome and functional constipation management with integrative medicine: A systematic review. World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019; 7(21): 3486-3504 doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i21.3486
18
Dorian A. Bogdanovski, Zoltan H. Nemeth. Continued Care in Palliative Bowel Surgery: An Invited Brief Commentary on “Long-Term Functional Outcome After Internal Delorme's Procedure for Obstructed Defecation Syndrome and the Role of Post-Operative Rehabilitation”. Journal of Investigative Surgery 2018; 31(3) doi: 10.1080/08941939.2017.1314566
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Christopher Dawoud, Stanislaus Argeny, Felix Harpain, Stefan Riss. Obstruktives Defäkationssyndrom. coloproctology 2022; 44(4) doi: 10.1007/s00053-022-00630-z
20
R. Bocchini, G. Chiarioni, E. Corazziari, F. Pucciani, F. Torresan, P. Alduini, G. Bassotti, E. Battaglia, F. Ferrarini, F. Galeazzi, C. Londoni, P. Rossitti, P. Usai Satta, L. Iona, S. Marchi, G. Milazzo, D. F. Altomare, R. Barbera, A. Bove, C. Calcara, L. D’Alba, M. De Bona, F. Goffredo, G. Manfredi, G. Naldini, M. C. Neri, L. Turco, F. La Torre, A. P. D’Urso, I. Berni, M. A. Balestri, N. Busin, C. Boemo, M. Bellini. Pelvic floor rehabilitation for defecation disorders. Techniques in Coloproctology 2019; 23(2) doi: 10.1007/s10151-018-1921-z
21
S. Hoffmann, C. Hasse, D.K. Bartsch. Inkontinenz- und Deszensuschirurgie der Frau. 2015;  doi: 10.1007/978-3-662-43671-4_26
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Yoav Mazor, Margaret Schnitzler, Michael Jones, Anastasia Ejova, Allison Malcolm. The patient with obstructed defecatory symptoms: Management differs considerably between physicians and surgeons. Neurogastroenterology & Motility 2023; 35(8) doi: 10.1111/nmo.14592
23
C. Melchior, V. Bridoux, O. Touchais, C. Savoye‐Collet, A.‐M. Leroi. MRI defaecography in patients with faecal incontinence. Colorectal Disease 2015; 17(3) doi: 10.1111/codi.12889
24
Mauro Cervigni, Andrea Fuschi, Andrea Morciano, Lorenzo Campanella, Antonio Carbone, Michele Carlo Schiavi. Obstructed Defecation Syndrome: Analysis of the Efficacy and Mid-Term Quality of Life of an Innovative Robotic Approach. Healthcare 2024; 12(19) doi: 10.3390/healthcare12191978
25
Hongliang Tian, Chao Ding, Jianfeng Gong, Xiaolong Ge, Lynne V. McFarland, Lili Gu, Qiyi Chen, Chunlian Ma, Weiming Zhu, Jieshou Li, Ning Li. An appraisal of clinical practice guidelines for constipation: a right attitude towards to guidelines. BMC Gastroenterology 2016; 16(1) doi: 10.1186/s12876-016-0466-8
26
W. Kneist. Kolektomie bei Slow-transit-Obstipation. coloproctology 2014; 36(5) doi: 10.1007/s00053-014-0480-7
27
Ajay Rane, Sapna Dilgir. Defecatory Dysfunction and the Pelvic Floor. Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports 2017; 6(3) doi: 10.1007/s13669-017-0218-y
28
G. Y. YE, Z. Wang, K. E. Matzel, Z. Cui. Short-term outcomes of laparoscopic ventral rectopexy for obstructed defecation in patients with overt pelvic structural abnormalities—a Chinese pilot study. International Journal of Colorectal Disease 2017; 32(9) doi: 10.1007/s00384-017-2815-7
29
Ali Dabbagh. Postoperative Critical Care for Cardiac Surgical Patients. 2014;  doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-40418-4_11
30
Nikolaos P. Andromanakos, Stamatis I. Pinis, Alkiviadis I. Kostakis. Chronic severe constipation. European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 2015; 27(3) doi: 10.1097/MEG.0000000000000288
31
Shamsi Abbasalizadeh, Behzad Ebrahimi, Aslan Azizi, Rogaye Dargahi, Maryam Tayebali, Sepideh T. Ghadim, Elaheh Foroumandi, Fereshteh Aliasghari, Mina Javadi, Azimeh Izadi, Leila Banifatemeh, Hadi Pourjafar, Leila Khalili, Faezeh Ghalichi, Sousan Houshmandi, Aziz H. Rad. Review of Constipation Treatment Methods with Emphasis on Laxative Foods. Current Nutrition & Food Science 2020; 16(5) doi: 10.2174/1573401315666191002164336
32
M. Pescatori, V. Podzemny, L. C. Pescatori, M. P. Dore, G. Bassotti. The PNEI holistic approach in coloproctology. Techniques in Coloproctology 2015; 19(5) doi: 10.1007/s10151-015-1277-6
33
Gabrio Bassotti, Paolo Usai Satta, Massimo Bellini. Plecanatide for the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation in adult patients. Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology 2019; 12(11) doi: 10.1080/17512433.2019.1670057
34
Veeravich Jaruvongvanich, Tanisa Patcharatrakul, Sutep Gonlachanvit. Prediction of Delayed Colonic Transit Using Bristol Stool Form and Stool Frequency in Eastern Constipated Patients: A Difference From the West. Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility 2017; 23(4) doi: 10.5056/jnm17022
35
F. Mearin, C. Ciriza, M. Mínguez, E. Rey, J.J. Mascort, E. Peña, P. Cañones, J. Júdez. Guía de práctica clínica del síndrome del intestino irritable con estreñimiento y estreñimiento funcional en adultos: tratamiento. (Parte 2 de 2). Atención Primaria 2017; 49(3) doi: 10.1016/j.aprim.2017.01.003
36
F. Mearin, C. Ciriza, M. Mínguez, E. Rey, J.J. Mascort, E. Peña, P. Cañones, J. Júdez. Guía de práctica clínica del síndrome del intestino irritable con estreñimiento y estreñimiento funcional en adultos: tratamiento. (Parte 2 de 2). SEMERGEN - Medicina de Familia 2017; 43(2) doi: 10.1016/j.semerg.2017.01.001
37
Malco Rossi, Marcelo Merello, Santiago Perez-Lloret. Management of constipation in Parkinson’s disease. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 2015; 16(4) doi: 10.1517/14656566.2015.997211
38
Brian L. Bello, D. Owen Young, Anjali S. Kumar. Fundamentals of Anorectal Surgery. 2019;  doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-65966-4_7
39
F. Mearin, C. Ciriza, M. Mínguez, E. Rey, J.J. Mascort, E. Peña, P. Cañones, J. Júdez. Guía de práctica clínica: síndrome del intestino irritable con estreñimiento y estreñimiento funcional en adultos: concepto, diagnóstico y continuidad asistencial. (Parte 1 de 2). SEMERGEN - Medicina de Familia 2017; 43(1) doi: 10.1016/j.semerg.2016.06.009
40
Maryam Navabzadeh, Fataneh Hashem-Dabaghian, Toba Kazemi, Asie Shojaii, Iman Nakhaei, Javad Hadinia, Roshanak Ghods. Effect of a Persian medicine preparation, Ma'aljobon, on constipation in patients with hypertension. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 2019; 24(1) doi: 10.4103/jrms.JRMS_66_19
41
Silvia Degasperi, Marco Scarpa, Oscar Zini, Cesare Ruffolo, Mario Gruppo, Romeo Bardini, Imerio Angriman. Laparoscopic Ventral Rectopexy for Obstructed Defecation: Functional Results and Quality of Life. Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques 2021; 31(1) doi: 10.1097/SLE.0000000000000835
42
Gillian M. Keating. Prucalopride: A Review of Its Use in the Management of Chronic Constipation. Drugs 2013; 73(17) doi: 10.1007/s40265-013-0140-1
43
Filippo Pucciani. Pelvic Floor Disorders: Surgical Approach. Updates in Surgery 2014;  doi: 10.1007/978-88-470-5441-7_13
44
Ceren Gürsen, Mintaze Kerem Günel, Serap Kaya, Taylan Kav, Türkan Akbayrak. Effect of Connective Tissue Manipulation on Symptoms and Quality of Life in Patients With Chronic Constipation: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 2015; 38(5) doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2015.06.003
45
Liang Dai, Linda LD Zhong, Guang Ji. Irritable bowel syndrome and functional constipation management with integrative medicine: A systematic review. World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019; 7(21) doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i21.3469
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46
Jeong Eun Shin. Sex/Gender-Specific Medicine in the Gastrointestinal Diseases. 2022;  doi: 10.1007/978-981-19-0120-1_17
47
A Picciariello, P R O'Connell, D Hahnloser, G Gallo, A Munoz-Duyos, O Schwandner, P Sileri, G Milito, S Riss, P A Boccasanta, G Naldini, A Arroyo, F de laPortilla, P Tsarkov, B Roche, C Isbert, M Trompetto, A d’Hoore, K Matzel, E Xynos, L Lundby, C Ratto, E Consten, A Infantino, Y Panis, G Terrosu, E Espin, J -L Faucheron, A Guttadauro, M Adamina, P A Lehur, D F Altomare. Obstructed defaecation syndrome: European consensus guidelines on the surgical management. British Journal of Surgery 2021; 108(10) doi: 10.1093/bjs/znab123
48
A. Picciariello, M. Rinaldi, U. Grossi, M. Trompetto, G. Graziano, D. F. Altomare, G. Gallo. Time trend in the surgical management of obstructed defecation syndrome: a multicenter experience on behalf of the Italian Society of Colorectal Surgery (SICCR). Techniques in Coloproctology 2022; 26(12) doi: 10.1007/s10151-022-02705-x
49
Ming-Liang Lu, Jin He, Shifeier Lu. Electrical stimulation therapy for slow transit constipation in children: a systematic review. International Journal of Colorectal Disease 2015; 30(5) doi: 10.1007/s00384-015-2180-3
50
Massimo Bellini, Paolo Usai-Satta, Antonio Bove, Renato Bocchini, Francesca Galeazzi, Edda Battaglia, Pietro Alduini, Elisabetta Buscarini, Gabrio Bassotti. Chronic constipation diagnosis and treatment evaluation: the “CHRO.CO.DI.T.E.” study. BMC Gastroenterology 2017; 17(1) doi: 10.1186/s12876-016-0556-7
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Gabrio Bassotti. Relief from behind: enemas, the back door enforcement to help treating chronic constipation in adults. Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 2023; 17(11) doi: 10.1080/17474124.2023.2267968
52
G. Gallo, G. Clerico, A. Realis Luc, M. Trompetto. A step-by-step approach to endorectal proctopexy (ERPP): how we do it. Techniques in Coloproctology 2021; 25(7) doi: 10.1007/s10151-021-02467-y
53
P. T. J. Janssen, Y. M. Meyer, S. M. J. Van Kuijk, M. A. Benninga, L. P. S. Stassen, N. D. Bouvy, J. Melenhorst, S. O. Breukink. Long‐term outcome of intractable constipation treated by sacral neuromodulation: a comparison between children and adults. Colorectal Disease 2018; 20(2) doi: 10.1111/codi.13837
54
Fahimeh Jamshidi Broon, Fatemeh Salmani, Hamidreza Bahrami Taghanaki, Hamideh Hosseini, Marzieh Torshizi. Effect of acupressure and reflexology on pregnancy constipation: a quasi-experimental study. European Journal of Medical Research 2025; 30(1) doi: 10.1186/s40001-025-03166-2
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Jeong Eun Shin, Hye-Kyung Jung, Tae Hee Lee, Yunju Jo, Hyuk Lee, Kyung Ho Song, Sung Noh Hong, Hyun Chul Lim, Soon Jin Lee, Soon Sup Chung, Joon Seong Lee, Poong-Lyul Rhee, Kwang Jae Lee, Suck Chei Choi, Ein Soon Shin. Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Functional Constipation in Korea, 2015 Revised Edition. The Korean Journal of Medicine 2016; 91(2) doi: 10.3904/kjm.2016.91.2.114
56
Şefika Dilek Güven. Improving Quality of Life in The Constipated Older Person. Gastroenterology Nursing 2023; 46(6) doi: 10.1097/SGA.0000000000000775
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F. Mearin, C. Ciriza, M. Mínguez, E. Rey, J.J. Mascort, E. Peña, P. Cañones, J. Júdez. Guía de práctica clínica: síndrome del intestino irritable con estreñimiento y estreñimiento funcional en adultos: concepto, diagnóstico y continuidad asistencial. (Parte 1 de 2). Atención Primaria 2017; 49(1) doi: 10.1016/j.aprim.2016.11.003
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Pelin Pişirici, Aygül Köseoğlu Kurt, Tuğçe Atalay, Melis Ünal, Ece Zeynep Saatçı, Halil Tuğtepe. Association between motor developmental milestones, pelvic floor muscle activity, and uroflowmetry in children with bladder and bowel dysfunction. European Journal of Pediatrics 2025; 184(9) doi: 10.1007/s00431-025-06369-1
59
Zhengyan Qi, James W Middleton, Allison Malcolm. Bowel Dysfunction in Spinal Cord Injury. Current Gastroenterology Reports 2018; 20(10) doi: 10.1007/s11894-018-0655-4
60
Nadia Fathallah, Dominique Bouchard, Vincent de Parades. Les règles hygiéno-diététiques dans la constipation chronique de l’adulte : du fantasme à la réalité…. La Presse Médicale 2017; 46(1) doi: 10.1016/j.lpm.2016.03.019
61
Blanca Serrano-Falcón, Enrique Rey. The safety of available treatments for chronic constipation. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety 2017; 16(11) doi: 10.1080/14740338.2017.1361402
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M.T. Ramos-Clemente, A.J. Abraldes Bechiarelli, A. Viejo Almanzor, C. Rodríguez Ramos. Protocolo terapéutico del estreñimiento crónico y sus complicaciones. Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado 2016; 12(7) doi: 10.1016/j.med.2016.03.015
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Sahil Arora, Gaurav Joshi, Anuhar Chaturvedi, Michael Heuser, Santoshkumar Patil, Raj Kumar. A Perspective on Medicinal Chemistry Approaches for Targeting Pyruvate Kinase M2. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2022; 65(2) doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00981
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Seong-Eun Kim, Jeong Eun Shin, Kyoung Sup Hong, Tae Hee Lee, Bong Eun Lee, Seon-Young Park, Sung Noh Hong, Kee Wook Jung, Kyung Sik Park, Suck Chei Choi. Local Management of Constipation: Enemas, Suppositories. Korean Journal of Medicine 2015; 88(1) doi: 10.3904/kjm.2015.88.1.15
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Jordi Serra, Daniel Pohl, Fernando Azpiroz, Giuseppe Chiarioni, Philippe Ducrotté, Guillaume Gourcerol, A. Pali S. Hungin, Peter Layer, Juan‐Manuel Mendive, Johann Pfeifer, Gerhard Rogler, S. Mark Scott, Magnus Simrén, Peter Whorwell. European society of neurogastroenterology and motility guidelines on functional constipation in adults. Neurogastroenterology & Motility 2020; 32(2) doi: 10.1111/nmo.13762
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Gabrio Bassotti, Paolo Usai Satta, Massimo Bellini. Chronic Idiopathic Constipation in Adults: A Review on Current Guidelines and Emerging Treatment Options. Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology 2021;  doi: 10.2147/CEG.S256364
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Yoshikazu Kinoshita. 13. Recent Trend in Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Constipation. Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 2020; 109(9) doi: 10.2169/naika.109.1945
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Ana Sofia Garcês Ferreira Soares, Laura Elisabete Ribeiro Barbosa. Colonic Inertia: approach and treatment. Journal of Coloproctology 2017; 37(01) doi: 10.1016/j.jcol.2016.05.006
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Sarah Kamareddine, Trishnee Bhurosy. An assessment of nutrition and physical activity guidelines for adult patients with chronic constipation: A systematic review. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN 2025; 68 doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.06.009
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Maria Cristina Neri, Edda Battaglia, Francesca Galeazzi, Lucia d’Alba, Christian Lambiase, Paolo Usai Satta, Massimo Bellini, Gabrio Bassotti. Diagnostic–Therapeutic Care Pathway in Chronic Constipation: AIGO (Italian Association of Gastroenterologists and Gastrointestinal Endoscopists) Position Paper. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2026; 15(7) doi: 10.3390/jcm15072571
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Maura Corsetti, Sabine Landes, Robert Lange. Bisacodyl: A review of pharmacology and clinical evidence to guide use in clinical practice in patients with constipation. Neurogastroenterology & Motility 2021; 33(10) doi: 10.1111/nmo.14123
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S. C. M. Heemskerk, A. H. Rotteveel, M. A. Benninga, C. I. M. Baeten, A. A. M. Masclee, J. Melenhorst, S. M. J. van Kuijk, C. D. Dirksen, S. O. Breukink. Sacral neuromodulation versus personalized conservative treatment in patients with idiopathic slow-transit constipation: study protocol of the No.2-trial, a multicenter open-label randomized controlled trial and cost-effectiveness analysis. International Journal of Colorectal Disease 2018; 33(4) doi: 10.1007/s00384-018-2978-x
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Sandra Utz, Jost Langhorst. Welche Phytotherapeutika werden in medizinischen Leitlinien zur Behandlung gastroenterologischer Erkrankungen berücksichtigt?* . Zeitschrift für Phytotherapie 2024; 45(06) doi: 10.1055/a-2442-2204
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Jeong Eun Shin. Pharmacological treatment of chronic constipation: focused on oral laxatives. Journal of the Korean Medical Association 2018; 61(1) doi: 10.5124/jkma.2018.61.1.57
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Jeong Eun Shin, Hye-Kyung Jung, Tae Hee Lee, Yunju Jo, Hyuk Lee, Kyung Ho Song, Sung Noh Hong, Hyun Chul Lim, Soon Jin Lee, Soon Sup Chung, Joon Seong Lee, Poong-Lyul Rhee, Kwang Jae Lee, Suck Chei Choi, Ein Soon Shin. Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Functional Constipation in Korea, 2015 Revised Edition. Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility 2016; 22(3) doi: 10.5056/jnm15185
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Nikolaos Kamperidis, Naila Arebi. Bowel Dysfunction. 2016;  doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-43214-4_11
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Daigo Kamei, Yuiko Kamei, Masashi Nagano, Michio Mineshima, Kosaku Nitta, Ken Tsuchiya. Elobixibat alleviates chronic constipation in hemodialysis patients: a questionnaire-based study. BMC Gastroenterology 2020; 20(1) doi: 10.1186/s12876-020-1179-6
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Salvatore E. ARAGONA, Giorgio CIPRANDI. Management strategies for chronic idiopathic constipation: an Italian real-life survey. Gazzetta Medica Italiana Archivio per le Scienze Mediche 2023; 182(5) doi: 10.23736/S0393-3660.23.05038-6
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Hideki Mori, Jan Tack, Hidekazu Suzuki. Magnesium Oxide in Constipation. Nutrients 2021; 13(2) doi: 10.3390/nu13020421
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Isabelle MA van Gruting, Aleksandra Stankiewicz, Ranee Thakar, Joanna IntHout, Giulio A Santoro, Abdul H Sultan. Imaging modalities for the detection of posterior compartment disorders in women with obstructed defaecation syndrome. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015;  doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011482
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M. Cohen, D. Cazals‐Hatem, H. Duboc, J.‐M. Sabate, S. Msika, A. L. Slove, Y. Panis, B. Coffin. Evaluation of interstitial cells of Cajal in patients with severe colonic inertia requiring surgery: a clinical‐pathological study. Colorectal Disease 2017; 19(5) doi: 10.1111/codi.13511
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ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 210: Fecal Incontinence. Obstetrics & Gynecology 2019; 133(4) doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003187
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M. V. Ortega, Y. Kim, K. Hung, K. James, L. Savitt, E. Von Bargen, L. G. Bordeianou, M. M. Weinstein. Women with chronic constipation have more bothersome urogenital symptoms. Techniques in Coloproctology 2022; 26(1) doi: 10.1007/s10151-021-02518-4
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Susan E. George, Diane F. Borello-France. Perspective on Physical Therapist Management of Functional Constipation. Physical Therapy 2017; 97(4) doi: 10.2522/ptj.20160110
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