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For: Gurvits GE. Black esophagus: Acute esophageal necrosis syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16(26): 3219-3225 [PMID: 20614476 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i26.3219]
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v16/i26/3219.htm
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Amish Shah, Viveksandeep Thoguluva Chandreskar, Ravi Doobay, Arundeep Kahlon, Ioana Amzuta. Acute Esophageal Necrosis in an Alcoholic after Successful Resuscitation from Cardiac Arrest. Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicine 2017; 2017 doi: 10.1155/2017/5092906
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J. Müller-Engelmann, M. Paparoupa, A. Nierhaus, A. Wittig, M. Möller, R. Gradaus, F. Schuppert. Nekrotisierende Ösophagitis bei Stresskardiomyopathie mit Rechtsherzversagen. Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 2020; 115(3) doi: 10.1007/s00063-018-0517-8
4
E Dias, J Santos-Antunes, E Rodrigues-Pinto, M Marques, R Liberal, R Coelho, R Ramalho, R Gaspar, G Macedo. Risk factors and clinical outcomes of acute esophageal necrosis: retrospective case series of a rare disease with “black” prognosis. Acta Gastro Enterologica Belgica 2022; 85(1) doi: 10.51821/85.1.9793
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Emily R. Neal, Rakesh Jha. Esophageal pneumatosis: a pictorial review. Emergency Radiology 2020; 27(5) doi: 10.1007/s10140-020-01780-7
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Lefika Bathobakae, Rammy Bashir, Jorge L Lopez Cuello, Heba Farhan, Nischal Sharma, Jessica Escobar, Praneeth Bandaru, Yana Cavanagh, Jideofor Aniukwu. Supportive and endoscopic therapies for acute oesophageal necrosis: a potpourri of options. Frontline Gastroenterology 2025;  doi: 10.1136/flgastro-2025-103131
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F. Caravaca-Fontan, S. Jimenez, A. Fernandez-Rodriguez, R. Marcen, C. Quereda. Black esophagus in the early kidney post-transplant period. Clinical Kidney Journal 2014; 7(6) doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfu094
8
Smit Sunil Deliwala, Murtaza S Hussain, Anoosha Ponnapalli, Ghassan Bachuwa, Grigoriy E Gurvits. Black oesophagus, upside-down stomach and cameron lesions: cascade effects of a large hiatal hernia. BMJ Case Reports 2021; 14(11) doi: 10.1136/bcr-2021-246496
9
G. Brousse, N. Authier, I. de Chazeron. Alcool et douleur. Douleur et Analgésie 2012; 25(2) doi: 10.1007/s11724-012-0292-x
10
Daisuke Kitawaki, Atsushi Nishida, Keitaro Sakai, Yuji Owaki, Kyohei Nishino, Yoshika Noda, Hirotsugu Imaeda. Gurvits syndrome: a case of acute esophageal necrosis associated with diabetic ketoacidosis. BMC Gastroenterology 2022; 22(1) doi: 10.1186/s12876-022-02349-z
11
Despoina Avramidou, Paraskevi Violatzi, Dimitra-Georgia Zikoudi, Anil Mourseloglou, Stefanos Panagaris, Eleni Metaxa, Anestis Partsalidis, Ioannis Feresiadis, Christakis Savva, Vasileios Papadopoulos. Acute esophageal necrosis complicating diabetic ketoacidosis in a patient with type II diabetes mellitus and excessive cola consumption: a case report. Diabetology International 2022; 13(1) doi: 10.1007/s13340-021-00537-y
12
Lucile Héroin, Pierre-Yves Christmann, François Habersetzer, Pierre Mayer. Black esophagus: complete esophageal necrosis with lower esophageal perforation. Endoscopy 2024; 56(S 01) doi: 10.1055/a-2226-0404
13
Magda K López Saldaña, Miguel A Galindo López, Sussan I Méndez Ynostroza, Francisco Rivera Martínez, Claudia P Contreras Saenz. Acute Esophageal Necrosis Secondary to Cardiogenic Shock: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Cureus 2026;  doi: 10.7759/cureus.109736
14
Shojiro Takasu. Fatal black esophagus and duodenum. Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology 2025; 22(2) doi: 10.1007/s12024-025-01162-w
15
Sonia Samuel, Anthony Passarella, Rashelle Tsyrlin, Stephen Hasak, Grigoriy Gurvits. Acute Esophageal Necrosis in a Patient With Severe Cardiovascular Disease and Arrhythmia. Cureus 2024;  doi: 10.7759/cureus.65691
16
Sinead McCarthy, Jack Garland, Sarah Hensby-Bennett, Winston Philcox, Kilak Kesha, Simon Stables, Rexson Tse. Black Esophagus (Acute Necrotizing Esophagitis) and Wischnewsky Lesions in a Death From Diabetic Ketoacidosis. American Journal of Forensic Medicine & Pathology 2019; 40(2) doi: 10.1097/PAF.0000000000000463
17
Monica Grigore, Iulia Enache, Mirela Chirvase, Andrada Loredana Popescu, Florentina Ionita-Radu, Mariana Jinga, Sandica Bucurica. Acute Esophageal Necrosis in Acute Pancreatitis—Report of a Case and Endoscopic and Clinical Perspective. Diagnostics 2023; 13(3) doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13030562
18
Juan Esteban Quiroz Álvarez, Mariana Muñoz Ríos. Presentación atípica del síndrome de Gurvits como causa inusual de hemorragia gastrointestinal: reporte de caso . Revista colombiana de Gastroenterología 2025; 40(4) doi: 10.22516/25007440.1335
19
Olanrewaju Adeniran, Farirai Marwizi, Joshua Kirkpatrick, Ayowumi Adekolu, Abdullahi Sulaiman, Ethan M Cohen, Mohamed Zitun. A rapidly fatal case of black esophagus in a patient with multiple co-morbidities. International Journal of Case Reports and Images 2025; 16(1) doi: 10.5348/101495Z01OA2025CR
20
A. Hermet, O. Lidove, S. Grimbert, V. Zeller, F. Ducroquet, J.-M. Ziza. Nécrose aiguë de l’œsophage. La Revue de Médecine Interne 2014; 35(6) doi: 10.1016/j.revmed.2013.06.006
21
Soukaina Essadiqi, Omar Bahlaoui, Anass Nadi, Wafaa Khannoussi, Imane Ben El Barhdadi. Acute Esophageal Necrosis (Black Esophagus) in the Setting of Cardiac Arrhythmia: A Case Report. Cureus 2025;  doi: 10.7759/cureus.80970
22
Sho Tanaka, Midori Fujishiro, Ryoji Ichijima, Genta Kohno, Masanori Abe, Hisamitsu Ishihara. Acute esophageal necrosis after cellulitis in an obese patient with diabetes mellitus. Journal of Diabetes Investigation 2020; 11(1) doi: 10.1111/jdi.13104
23
Jaehong Jeong, June Hwa Bae, Hyeong Ho Jo, Joong Goo Kwon, Eun Young Kim. A Case of Black Esophagus in a Patient Presenting With Dyspnea. The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research 2025; 25(3) doi: 10.7704/kjhugr.2025.0036
24
Siddharth Chinta, Abhilasha Jyala, Haider Ghazanfar, Jasbir Makker. Black Esophagus: A Rare Case of Acute Esophageal Necrosis. Cureus 2024;  doi: 10.7759/cureus.52660
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J.F. Silva, L.B. Guimarães, L.R. Ribeiro, M.V.L. Moreira, R. Serakides, N.M. Ocarino. Acute Oesophageal Necrosis Concurrent with Leishmania chagasi Infection in a Dog. Journal of Comparative Pathology 2014; 150(2-3) doi: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2013.08.003
26
Nayef Alkhalil, Ali R Chaitou, Abdullah Al Omary. Black Esophagus Under the Scope: Gurvits Syndrome in a Patient With Diabetic Ketoacidosis. Cureus 2025;  doi: 10.7759/cureus.81745
27
Y Tomoda, D Yoshimura, E Hayashida, K Tanaka. Black Oesophagus—acute esophageal necrosis. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine 2021; 114(1) doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa143
28
Carolyn Moore, Leslie Ray Matthews, Omar Danner, Assad Taha, Aviva Bashan-Gilzenrat, Jonathan Nguyen, Ed Childs, Kahdi Udobi. “Black Esophagus” and Gastric Volvulus Following Slipped Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Band. Obesity Surgery 2018; 28(9) doi: 10.1007/s11695-018-3354-1
29
Kenneth Iwuji, Sarah Jaroudi, Arpana Bansal, Ana Marcella Rivas. Acute necrotizing esophagitis presenting with severe lactic acidosis and shock. Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings 2018; 31(4) doi: 10.1080/08998280.2018.1488494
30
Peter D. Snell, Robert Waller, Quentin Ray, Manjunath Ramaiah, Barry Wall, Nadeem Zafar. Acute Esophageal Necrosis With Calcific Uremic Arteriolopathy: A Case Report of Concurrent Rare Conditions. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2017; 112 doi: 10.14309/00000434-201710001-01646
31
Dimitrios Schizas, Nikoletta A Theochari, Konstantinos S Mylonas, Prodromos Kanavidis, Eleftherios Spartalis, Stamatina Triantafyllou, Konstantinos P Economopoulos, Dimitrios Theodorou, Theodore Liakakos. Acute esophageal necrosis: A systematic review and pooled analysis. World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2020; 12(3): 104-115 doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v12.i3.104
32
Tomohiro Sato, Hiroshi Banno, Kimihiro Komori. Acute esophageal necrosis after endovascular abdominal aneurysm repair. Journal of Vascular Surgery Cases, Innovations and Techniques 2021; 7(4) doi: 10.1016/j.jvscit.2021.07.004
33
Erik Roman-Pognuz, Sara Rigutti, Giulia Colussi, Enrico Lena, Marco Bonsano, Umberto Lucangelo. Acute esophageal necrosis following cardiac arrest: A rare and lethal syndrome with diagnostic challenges. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports 2024; 120(C) doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109751
34
Jean Abed, Pavan Mankal, Hani Judeh, Sang Kim. Acute Esophageal Necrosis: A Case of Black Esophagus Associated with Bismuth Subsalicylate Ingestion. ACG Case Reports Journal 2014; 1(1) doi: 10.14309/02075970-201401000-00051
35
Valeria J Martínez Evangelista, Jose M Barajas Pinto, Monica S Garcia Bravo. Acute Esophageal Necrosis in a Patient With Septic Shock and Advanced Kidney Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review. Cureus 2026;  doi: 10.7759/cureus.112296
36
M. Bonaldi, C. Sala, P. Mariani, G. Fratus, L. Novellino. Black esophagus: acute esophageal necrosis, clinical case and review of literature. Journal of Surgical Case Reports 2017; 2017(3) doi: 10.1093/jscr/rjx037
37
Yoseph M Habte, Binyam M Habte, Esimael M Abdu, Makida M Habte, Shimelis A Yimer. Black Esophagus in a Critically Ill Patient With Septic Shock: A Case Report of a Rare Entity. Cureus 2025;  doi: 10.7759/cureus.91231
38
Ryuhei Jinushi, Naoki Ishii, Takahiko Yano, Noriatsu Imamura, Hisato Maekawa, Kenichi Kamachi. Endoscopic balloon dilation for the prevention of severe strictures caused by acute esophageal necrosis. DEN Open 2022; 2(1) doi: 10.1002/deo2.43
39
Eric Grisham, Suha Abu Khalaf, Vanessa Kuwajima. Acute Esophageal Necrosis in a Patient With Prostate Cancer Postchemotherapy. ACG Case Reports Journal 2020; 7(4) doi: 10.14309/crj.0000000000000366
40
Daniele Balducci, Claudia Quatraccioni, Luigi Maria Daretti, Michele Montori, Emanuele Bendia, Luca Maroni, Antonio Benedetti. Black Esophagus and Recurrence of Duodenal Ulcers: Two Signs of the Same Pathogenic Pathway? A Case Report. Reports 2023; 6(3) doi: 10.3390/reports6030037
41
Ming-Ho Wu, Han-Yun Wu. Incremental change in acute esophageal necrosis: report of two cases. Surgery Today 2014; 44(2) doi: 10.1007/s00595-013-0526-4
42
Gökhan Kabaçam, Mustafa Yakut, Irfan Soykan. Acute esophageal necrosis: A rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding. Digestive Endoscopy 2012; 24(4) doi: 10.1111/j.1443-1661.2011.01198.x
43
Victoria Gómez, Joshua A. Propst, Dawn L. Francis, Juan M. Canabal, Pablo Moreno Franco. Black Esophagus: An Unexpected Complication in an Orthotopic Liver Transplant Patient with Hemorrhagic Shock. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 2014; 59(10) doi: 10.1007/s10620-014-3176-5
44
Simone Foti Randazzese, Mariarosaria La Rocca, Bruno Bombaci, Alessandra Di Pisa, Elèna Giliberto, Teresa Inturri, Daniel Militi, Fortunato Lombardo, Eloisa Gitto, Giuseppina Salzano, Stefano Passanisi. Severe Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Children with Type 1 Diabetes: Ongoing Challenges in Care. Children 2025; 12(1) doi: 10.3390/children12010110
45
Şehmus Ölmez, Bünyamin Sarıtaş, Banu Kara. A RARE CAUSE OF UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING: ACUTE ESOPHAGEAL NECROSIS. Gastroenterology Nursing 2020; 43(1) doi: 10.1097/SGA.0000000000000454
46
Archit Garg, Mehak Bassi, Arkady Broder. The Black Esophagus: A Rare Case Presentation. Cureus 2024;  doi: 10.7759/cureus.74989
47
Mahrukh Ali, Noman Khan, Asma Yaseen, Aimun Raees. Gurvits Syndrome: Black Esophagus in the Postoperative Setting. Cureus 2022;  doi: 10.7759/cureus.21240
48
Shumei Kawashima, Hironori Abe, Norihiro Shimizu, Junpei Shikuma, Ryo Suzuki. A Case of Diabetic Ketoacidosis Complicated With Necrotizing Esophagitis. Cureus 2024;  doi: 10.7759/cureus.52871
49
Elva Alejandra Manjarrez Granados, Francesca Martinez-Nachon, Mariel Coronel Diaz, Lenny Elizabeth Perez Salgado, Alan Araiza, Joseph Varon. Gurvits Syndrome in the Setting of Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Case Report and Literature Review. Cureus 2026;  doi: 10.7759/cureus.110563
50
Lisanne van Liebergen, René Kaiser, David Sebastian Sibbert, Stefan Meiners, Christian Claussnitzer, Jan Soelter, Roland Schmidt, Christian Beltzer. Use of Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Angiography and Prophylactic Endoscopic Stenting in Esophagectomy for Acute Esophageal Necrosis . Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie 2023; 61(03) doi: 10.1055/a-1891-7438
51
Flavio Scarilli, Davide Tizzani. A dark and black esophagus. Emergency Care Journal 2024;  doi: 10.4081/ecj.2024.12738
52
Waqas Ullah, Hafez Mohammad Ammar Abdullah, Abdul Rauf, Kaiser Saleem. Acute oesophageal necrosis: a rare but potentially fatal association of cocaine use. BMJ Case Reports 2018; 2018 doi: 10.1136/bcr-2018-225197
53
Vivek Choksi, Kairavee Dave, Rulz Cantave, Sameer Shaharyar, Jeevan Joseph, Uday Shankar, Steven Kaplan, Hamid Feiz. “Black Esophagus” or Gurvits Syndrome: A Rare Complication of Diabetic Ketoacidosis. Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicine 2017; 2017 doi: 10.1155/2017/4815752
54
AD Sonavane, D Gupta, A Ambekar, A Nagral. Acute esophageal necrosis. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine 2021; 67(2) doi: 10.4103/jpgm.JPGM_635_20
55
John D Gilbert, Roger W Byard. Variable topography of black oesophagus (acute necrotising oesophagitis). Medicine, Science and the Law 2026; 66(1) doi: 10.1177/00258024251350778
56
Francisca Carmo, João Miranda, Mariana Estrela, Raquel Moura, Jorge Reis, Pedro Magalhães. Acute Esophageal Necrosis: A Successfully Managed Case. Cureus 2025;  doi: 10.7759/cureus.78499
57
Yoshifumi Fujii, Daichi Hayashi, Miharu Kitazawa, Akira Doi, Dai Nakamatsu, Kengo Matsumoto, Masashi Yamamoto, Koji Fukui, Tsutomu Nishida. Acute Necrotizing Esophagitis Following a 44-Hour Refractory Food Bolus Impaction. Cureus 2025;  doi: 10.7759/cureus.98036
58
Katrīna Terehova, Poļina Zaļizko, Krista Lazdovska, Raimonds Skumbiņš, Aldis Puķītis. Multidisciplinary management of a patient with acute oesophageal necrosis and severe neurological symptoms with full recovery. European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine 2025;  doi: 10.12890/2024_005087
59
Amandine Serrano, Anaïs Prelot-Claudon, Antoine Mathivet. Non-operative management of a black esophagus associated with perforated gastric ulcer: A case report and literature review. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports 2025; 133(C) doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2025.111606
60
Leo Sakai, Christian Jackson. Two Rare Complications. Acute Esophageal Necrosis Followed by an Active Bleeding Dieulafoy Lesion. ACG Case Reports Journal 2025; 12(12) doi: 10.14309/crj.0000000000001907
61
Laura Rodriguez Fernandez, María Concepción García Sánchez, José María Prieto de Paula, José Pablo Miramontes González. Black esophagus and diabetes: a close relationship. Cardiovascular Endocrinology & Metabolism 2020; 10(1) doi: 10.1097/XCE.0000000000000221
62
Kohei Kanamori, Kazuo Koyanagi, Kenji Nakamura, Kazuhito Nabeshima, Akihito Kazuno, Miho Yamamoto, Yamato Ninomiya, Yoshiaki Shoji, Tadashi Higuchi, Kentaro Yatabe, Mika Ogimi, Kohei Tajima, Kazuhito Hatanaka, Naoya Nakamura, Masaki Mori. Thoracoscopic esophagectomy for stenosis of thoracic esophagus due to acute esophageal necrosis associated with alcoholic ketoacidosis. Asian Journal of Endoscopic Surgery 2023; 16(3) doi: 10.1111/ases.13158
63
Grigoriy E. Gurvits. Surgical management of acute esophageal necrosis. Surgery Today 2014; 44(4) doi: 10.1007/s00595-014-0835-2
64
Yohei Midori, Koji Hayashi, Maho Hayashi, Hidetaka Matsuda. Acute Esophageal Mucosal Lesion Mimicking Severe Reflux Esophagitis in Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Diagnostic Pitfall. Diagnostics 2026; 16(10) doi: 10.3390/diagnostics16101566
65
Michael Andrew Yu, Ramzi Mulki, Julia Massaad. The Black Esophagus in the Renal Transplant Patient. Case Reports in Nephrology 2019; 2019 doi: 10.1155/2019/5085670
66
Sumona Bhattacharya, Jenny E Blau, Christopher Koh. Acute oesophageal necrosis in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: an undescribed complication. BMJ Case Reports 2021; 14(1) doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-238214
67
Smit S. Deliwala, Grigoriy E. Gurvits. Acute Esophageal Necrosis in a Patient With COVID-19. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2021; 116(10) doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001207
68
Patricia E. Ziegler, Dauris Rosario Lora, Mark DeMeo. An Unusual Case of Black Esophagus. ACG Case Reports Journal 2023; 10(11) doi: 10.14309/crj.0000000000001202
69
Lisa Minn, C. M. Schürch, S. Fusco, D. Wichmann, U. Schempf. Differenzialdiagnose des „schwarzen Ösophagus“. Die Gastroenterologie 2026; 21(3) doi: 10.1007/s11377-026-00987-3
70
Wei Tang, Makeda Dawkins, Daniel Basta, Nao Hara, Fouzia Shakil, Bodin Roxana, Shireen Pais, Kenji Okumura, Seigo Nishida, Abhay Dhand. Tacrolimus-Induced Acute Esophageal Necrosis Postorthotopic Liver Transplantation. ACG Case Reports Journal 2025; 12(7) doi: 10.14309/crj.0000000000001772
71
Pierfrancesco Visaggi, Evan S. Dellon. The Esophageal Mucosa. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America 2025; 35(3) doi: 10.1016/j.giec.2024.12.006
72
Zachary Field, Jacqueline Kropf, Meghan Lytle, Giselle Castaneira, Mario Madruga, S. J. Carlan. Black Esophagus: A Rare Case of Acute Esophageal Necrosis Induced by Diabetic Ketoacidosis in a Young Adult Female. Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicine 2018; 2018 doi: 10.1155/2018/7363406
73
Petr Hejna, Michaela Ublová, Viktor Voříšek. Black Esophagus: Acute Esophageal Necrosis in Fatal Haloperidol Intoxication. Journal of Forensic Sciences 2013; 58(5) doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.12151
74
Khalil Aloreidi, Jeremy Berg, Bhavesh Patel. An Unusual Cause of Coffee Ground Emesis. Gastroenterology 2017; 152(8) doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.10.001
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Sun Moon Kim, Kyung Ho Song, Sun Hyung Kang, Hee Seok Moon, Jae Kyu Sung, Sae Hee Kim, Ki Bae Kim, Seung Woo Lee, Young Sin Cho, Ki Bae Bang. Evaluation of prognostic factor and nature of acute esophageal necrosis. Medicine 2019; 98(41) doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000017511
76
Rie Kure, Ayako Kobayashi, Yukiko Himukai, Hirotaka Yamamoto, Maiko Kishino, Shinichi Nakamura, Katsutoshi Tokushige. Clinical features of acute esophageal mucosal lesion. Progress of Digestive Endoscopy 2017; 90(1) doi: 10.11641/pde.90.1_46
77
Takeshi Okamoto, Hidekazu Suzuki, Katsuyuki Fukuda. Clinical and endoscopic characteristics of acute esophageal necrosis and severe reflux esophagitis. Medicine 2021; 100(44) doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000027672
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Raymond F T McMahon. Morson and Dawson's Gastrointestinal Pathology. 2024;  doi: 10.1002/9781119423195.ch8
79
Abhishek Polavarapu, Dhineshreddy Gurala, Bindu Mudduluru, Pretty Sara Idiculla, Jobin Philipose, Magda Daoud, Naureen Narula, Vivek Gumaste. A Case of Acute Esophageal Necrosis from Unruptured Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm. Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicine 2020; 2020 doi: 10.1155/2020/3575478
80
Andrés Barrientos Delgado, M. Pilar Martínez Tirado, Alicia Martín-Lagos Maldonado, Ángel Palacios Pérez, Francisco Javier Casado Caballero. Estenosis esofágica extensa secundaria a esofagitis necrosante aguda. Gastroenterología y Hepatología 2015; 38(5) doi: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2014.06.008
81
Beatriz Deoti e Silva Rodrigues, Raniere dos Santos, Magda Maria Profeta da Luz, Flávia Chaves e Silva, Igor Guedes Nogueira Reis. Acute esophageal necrosis. Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology 2016; 9(6) doi: 10.1007/s12328-016-0692-1
82
Elena Aranda Escaño, Mikel Prieto Calvo, Arkaitz Perfecto Valero, Miriam Tellaeche de la Iglesia, Mikel Gastaca Mateo, Andrés Valdivieso López. Black esophagus after combined liver-kidney transplantation. Gastroenterología y Hepatología (English Edition) 2020; 43(1) doi: 10.1016/j.gastre.2019.07.008
83
Aurélien Venara, Aude Helene Pavageau, Clotilde Rouge Maillart, Nathalie Jousset. Sudden Death Due to Black Esophagus. American Journal of Forensic Medicine & Pathology 2013; 34(1) doi: 10.1097/PAF.0b013e3182717b98
84
Linda P. Vien, Ho-Man Yeung. Acute Esophageal Necrosis (Gurvits Syndrome): A Rare Complication of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in a Critically Ill Patient. Case Reports in Medicine 2020; 2020 doi: 10.1155/2020/5795847
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Conor W. McLaughlin, Thomas D. Person, Chadrick E. Denlinger. Management of acute esophageal necrosis syndrome. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2011; 141(3) doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2010.12.001
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Hafiz Khan, Moiz Ahmed, Magda Daoud, Jobin Philipose, Saba Ahmed, Liliane Deeb. Acute Esophageal Necrosis: A View in the Dark. Case Reports in Gastroenterology 2019; 13(1) doi: 10.1159/000496385
87
Masami Tanaka, Hideo Kamiichi, Yusuke Shimada, Masatake Hayashi, Keiichi Hirata, Norio Kawamura. Two cases of aute necrotizing esophagitis alcoholism by low nutritional status showed black esophagus and white esophagus. Progress of Digestive Endoscopy 2012; 80(2) doi: 10.11641/pde.80.2_76
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Tony S. Brar, Richard Helton, Zareen Zaidi. Total Parenteral Nutrition Successfully Treating Black Esophagus Secondary to Hypovolemic Shock. Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicine 2017; 2017 doi: 10.1155/2017/4396870
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Roosmarijn Lysbeth Groenveld, Alderina Bijlsma, Pascal Steenvoorde, Alaattin Ozdemir. A black perforated esophagus treated with surgery: Report of a case. World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2013; 5(6): 199-201 doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v5.i6.199
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Shojiro Takasu, Sari Matsumoto, Kimiharu Iwadate. Prominent black esophagus, Wischnewsky spots, and black duodenum in a fatal hypothermia case with an underlying diabetic ketoacidosis. Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology 2024; 21(1) doi: 10.1007/s12024-024-00837-0
91
Claudia Marinucci, Federica Zardo, Alessandro Musso, Paolo Strignano, Stefania Morra di Cella, Massimo Porta. A severe case of epigastric pain, diarrhea and coffee ground vomitus. Internal and Emergency Medicine 2018; 13(7) doi: 10.1007/s11739-018-1807-0
92
Gurasees S Chawla, Lidiya Kukova, Daniel S Behin. Unusual case of acute oesophageal necrosis. BMJ Case Reports 2022; 15(2) doi: 10.1136/bcr-2021-248084
93
Syma Iqbal, Matthew Hon Yew Leong. Acute esophageal necrosis: a case series and its management. Journal of Surgical Case Reports 2018; 2018(12) doi: 10.1093/jscr/rjy328
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Valerio Manno, Nicola Lentini, Antonio Chirico, Maria Perticone, Luigi Anastasio. Acute esophageal necrosis (black esophagus): a case report and literature review. Acta Diabetologica 2017; 54(11) doi: 10.1007/s00592-017-1028-4
95
Daniel C. Butler, Nicholas I. Batalis. Acute Esophageal Necrosis. Academic Forensic Pathology 2017; 7(2) doi: 10.23907/2017.028
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Koh Kitagawa, Hiroyuki Masuda, Akira Mitoro, Fumimasa Tomooka, Shohei Asada, Norihisa Nishimura, Kosuke Kaji, Hitoshi Yoshiji. Black esophagus: a life-threatening adverse event associated with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Clinical Endoscopy 2024; 57(2) doi: 10.5946/ce.2023.047
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Dominika Moscicka, Krishna Mario Brown, Nithya Mownika Yadlapalli. Not the Usual Esophagitis, a Case of Black Esophagus. The American Journal of Medicine 2025; 138(7) doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2025.02.001
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