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For: Khaikin M, Wexner SD. Treatment strategies in obstructed defecation and fecal incontinence. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12(20): 3168-3173 [PMID: 16718835 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i20.3168]
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v12/i20/3168.htm
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1
Lorenzo Ripamonti, Angelo Guttadauro, Giulia Lo Bianco, Maria Rennis, Matteo Maternini, Gerardo Cioffi, Marco Chiarelli, Matilde De Simone, Ugo Cioffi, Francesco Gabrielli. Stapled Transanal Rectal Resection (Starr) in the Treatment of Obstructed Defecation: A Systematic Review. Frontiers in Surgery 2022; 9 doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.790287
2
C. Pieri, C. O’Connor, R. Wiltshire, W. Hayes, D. Z. Lubowski, V. Patton. A prospective observational study investigating pelvic floor muscle training effects on obstructed defaecation in female patients. Australian and New Zealand Continence Journal 2026; 32(1) doi: 10.1071/CJ25003
3
Wei-Cheng Liu, Song-Lin Wan, SM Yaseen, Xiang-Hai Ren, Cui-Ping Tian, Zhao Ding, Ken-Yan Zheng, Yun-Hua Wu, Cong-Qing Jiang, Qun Qian. Transanal surgery for obstructed defecation syndrome: Literature review and a single-center experience. World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016; 22(35): 7983-7998 doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i35.7983
4
Vijay Arora, Sushrut Agarwal, Vasu Vashishtha, Hashmatullah Stanickzai, Srikrishna Das, Pramoj Jindal, C.S. Ramachandran. Pathophysiological basis of hemorrhoidal treatment. Current Medicine Research and Practice 2016; 6(2) doi: 10.1016/j.cmrp.2016.03.002
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MingHui Wang, YuCheng Liao, YunLong Liu, BoLin Liu, HongLiu Yu. Design of Novel Artificial Anal Sphincter. IRBM 2023; 44(6) doi: 10.1016/j.irbm.2023.100796
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C. Isbert, J. Reibetanz, D. G. Jayne, M. Kim, C.‐T. Germer, L. Boenicke. Comparative study of contour transtar and STARR procedure for the treatment of obstructed defecation syndrome (ODS) – feasibility, morbidity and early functional results. Colorectal Disease 2010; 12(9) doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2009.01932.x
7
F. Pucciani, M. N. Ringressi. Obstructed defecation: the role of anorectal manometry. Techniques in Coloproctology 2012; 16(1) doi: 10.1007/s10151-011-0800-7
8
Kirsi Lehto, Marja Hyöty, Pekka Collin, Heini Huhtala, Petri Aitola. Seven-year follow-up after anterior sphincter reconstruction for faecal incontinence. International Journal of Colorectal Disease 2013; 28(5) doi: 10.1007/s00384-013-1663-3
9
Adolfo Renzi, Antonio Brillantino, Giandomenico Di Sarno, Domenico Izzo, Francesco D'Aniello, Armando Falato. Improved Clinical Outcomes With a New Contour-Curved Stapler in the Surgical Treatment of Obstructed Defecation Syndrome: A Mid-Term Randomized Controlled Trial. Diseases of the Colon & Rectum 2011; 54(6) doi: 10.1007/DCR.0b013e31820ded31
10
F. Pucciani. Faecal soiling: pathophysiology of postdefaecatory incontinence. Colorectal Disease 2013; 15(8) doi: 10.1111/codi.12236
11
Odile Cotelle, Guillaume Cargill, Marc M. L. Marty, Lionel Bueno, Max Claude Cappelletti, Hélène Colangeli-Hagège, Bernard Savarieau, Philippe Ducrotté. A Concomitant Treatment by CO2-Releasing Suppositories Improves the Results of Anorectal Biofeedback Training in Patients With Dyschezia. Diseases of the Colon & Rectum 2014; 57(6) doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000000098
12
G. Bassotti, V. Villanacci, B. Salerni, C. A. Maurer, G. Cathomas. Beyond hematoxylin and eosin: the importance of immunohistochemical techniques for evaluating surgically resected constipated patients. Techniques in Coloproctology 2011; 15(4) doi: 10.1007/s10151-011-0721-5
13
Lynne Marsh, John Sweeney. Nurses’ knowledge of constipation in people with learning disabilities. British Journal of Nursing 2008; 17(Sup2) doi: 10.12968/bjon.2008.17.Sup2.28718
14
Adolfo Renzi, Luigi Marano, Pasquale Talento, Luigi Brusciano, Angela Pezzolla, Domenico Izzo, Carmine Antropoli, Francesco D’Aniello, Giandomenico Di Sarno, Gianluca Minieri, Grazia Cantore, Gianmattia Terracciano, Domenico Barbato, Ludovico Docimo, Massimo Antropoli, Alessio Palumbo, Michele Lanza, Emanuele Mario Caputi, Antonio Brillantino. Transverse perineal support improves long-term outcomes in patients undergoing stapled transanal rectal resection for obstructed defecation syndrome: a multicenter observational case-control study. Annals of Coloproctology 2025; 41(4) doi: 10.3393/ac.2025.00073.0010
15
Francesco Gabrielli, Angelo Guttadauro, Matteo Maternini, Nicoletta Pecora. Surgical Management of Elderly Patients. 2018;  doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-60861-7_15
16
Liviu V. Titu, Kallingal Riyad, Helen Carter, Anthony R. Dixon. Stapled Transanal Rectal Resection for Obstructed Defecation: A Cautionary Tale. Diseases of the Colon & Rectum 2009; 52(10) doi: 10.1007/DCR.0b013e3181b550bf
17
Enyu Jiang, Peng Zan, Suqin Zhang, Jinding Liu, Xiaojin Zhu, Xiaohua Wang. System Simulation and Scientific Computing. Communications in Computer and Information Science 2012; 326 doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-34381-0_52
18
Maria Emilia Carvalho e Carvalho, Brooke H. Gurland. Current Common Dilemmas in Colorectal Surgery. 2018;  doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-70117-2_17
19
Quinton Morrow Hatch, Eric K. Johnson. Clinical Algorithms in General Surgery. 2019;  doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-98497-1_67
20
Anton Emmanuel. Current management strategies and therapeutic targets in chronic constipation. Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology 2011; 4(1) doi: 10.1177/1756283X10384173
21
Rodrigo Guzmán Rojas, Ixora Kamisan Atan, Ka Lai Shek, Hans Peter Dietz. Defect‐specific rectocele repair: medium‐term anatomical, functional and subjective outcomes. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2015; 55(5) doi: 10.1111/ajo.12347
22
Jorge Uriel Méndez-Ibarra, Juan Manuel Mora-Sevilla, Gerardo Evaristo-Méndez. Primary posterior perineal hernia associated with dolichocolon. Cirugía y Cirujanos (English Edition) 2017; 85(2) doi: 10.1016/j.circen.2017.03.001
23
J. W. van den Esschert, A. A. W. van Geloven, N. Vermulst, A. Groenedijk, L. Th. de Wit, M. F. Gerhards. Laparoscopic ventral rectopexy for obstructed defecation syndrome. Surgical Endoscopy 2008; 22(12) doi: 10.1007/s00464-008-9771-9
24
Walid Galal Elshazly, Abd El azez El Nekady, Heba Hassan. Role of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging in management of obstructed defecation case series. International Journal of Surgery 2010; 8(4) doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2010.02.008
25
Marsha A. Harris, Andrea Ferrara, Joseph Gallagher, Samuel DeJesus, Paul Williamson, Sergio Larach. Stapled Transanal Rectal Resection vs. Transvaginal Rectocele Repair for Treatment of Obstructive Defecation Syndrome. Diseases of the Colon & Rectum 2009; 52(4) doi: 10.1007/DCR.0b013e31819edbb1
26
Quinton Hatch, Scott R. Steele. Rectal Prolapse and Intussusception. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America 2013; 42(4) doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2013.08.002
27
Peng Zan, Jinding Liu, Enyu Jiang, Hua Wang. Assessment and in vitro Experiment of Artificial Anal Sphincter System based on Rebuilding the Rectal Sensation Function. The International Journal of Artificial Organs 2014; 37(5) doi: 10.5301/ijao.5000308
28
H. Wadhawan, A. J. Shorthouse, S. R. Brown. Surgery for obstructed defaecation: does the use of the Contour device (Trans‐STARR) improve results?. Colorectal Disease 2010; 12(9) doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2009.01876.x
29
Gabrio Bassotti, Vincenzo Villanacci, Alberto Bellomi, Rossella Fante, Moris Cadei, Luca Vicenzi, Francesco Tonelli, Gabriella Nesi, Corrado R Asteria. An assessment of enteric nervous system and estroprogestinic receptors in obstructed defecation associated with rectal intussusception. Neurogastroenterology & Motility 2012; 24(3) doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2011.01850.x
30
K. Fan, A. M. Cao, W. Barto, P. De Lacavalerie. Perineal stapled prolapse resection for external rectal prolapse: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Colorectal Disease 2020; 22(12) doi: 10.1111/codi.15338
31
Liliana Bordeianou, Caitlin W. Hicks, Andreas M. Kaiser, Karim Alavi, Ranjan Sudan, Paul E. Wise. Rectal Prolapse: An Overview of Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Patient-Specific Management Strategies. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2014; 18(5) doi: 10.1007/s11605-013-2427-7
32
P. E. Petros. An anatomical rationale for cure of fecal incontinence and obstructive defecation by posterior ligament repair. International Urogynecology Journal 2022; 33(9) doi: 10.1007/s00192-022-05293-4
33
Silvia Degasperi, Marco Scarpa, Oscar Zini, Cesare Ruffolo, Mario Gruppo, Romeo Bardini, Imerio Angriman. Laparoscopic Ventral Rectopexy for Obstructed Defecation: Functional Results and Quality of Life. Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques 2021; 31(1) doi: 10.1097/SLE.0000000000000835
34
F. Pucciani, M. Reggioli, M. N. Ringressi. Obstructed defaecation: what is the role of rehabilitation?. Colorectal Disease 2012; 14(4) doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2011.02644.x
35
Emanuela Racaniello, Stefano Terzoni, Roberto Accardi, Cristian Ricci, Paolo Boccasanta, Anne Destrebecq. Quality of life of patients undergoing surgery for obstructed defecation syndrome: A before-after study. International Journal of Surgery 2015; 21 doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.06.057
36
Atefe Ashrafi, Amir Massoud Arab, Saeed Abdi, Mohammad Reza Nourbakhsh. The association between myofascial trigger points and the incidence of chronic functional constipation. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 2021; 26 doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.12.004
37
Angelo Stuto, Adolfo Renzi, Alfonso Carriero, Francesco Gabrielli, Valeria Gianfreda, Roberto Dino Villani, Carmine Pietrantoni, Giovanni Seria, Antonio Capomagi, Pasquale Talento. Stapled Trans-Anal Rectal Resection (STARR) in the Surgical Treatment of the Obstructed Defecation Syndrome. Surgical Innovation 2011; 18(3) doi: 10.1177/1553350610395035
38
Zaid Chaudhry, Christopher Tarnay. Descending perineum syndrome: a review of the presentation, diagnosis, and management. International Urogynecology Journal 2016; 27(8) doi: 10.1007/s00192-015-2889-0
39
Jorge Uriel Méndez-Ibarra, Juan Manuel Mora-Sevilla, Gerardo Evaristo-Méndez. Hernia perineal posterior primaria asociada a dolicocolon. Cirugía y Cirujanos 2017; 85(2) doi: 10.1016/j.circir.2015.12.009
40
Leila Getto, Eli Zeserson, Michael Breyer. Vomiting, Diarrhea, Constipation, and Gastroenteritis. Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America 2011; 29(2) doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2011.01.005
41
Venetia Giannakaki, Liliana Bordeianou. Surgical management of severe constipation due to slow transit and obstructed defecation syndrome. Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery 2016; 27(1) doi: 10.1053/j.scrs.2015.12.002
42
Mike Ralf Langenbach, Alexandre Berengolts. Stapled Trans-Anal Rectal Resection (STARR) for Obstructive Defecation Syndrome—Functional Outcome and Quality of Life after Two Years. International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2016; 7(03) doi: 10.4236/ijcm.2016.73022
43
Nikoletta Dimitriou, Vikas Shah, Diane Stark, Ronnie Mathew, Andrew S Miller, Justin MC Yeung. Defecating Disorders: A Common Cause of Constipation in Women. Women's Health 2015; 11(4) doi: 10.2217/WHE.15.25
44
Isuzu Meyer, Holly E. Richter. Evidence-Based Update on Treatments of Fecal Incontinence in Women. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America 2016; 43(1) doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2015.10.005
45
Gabrio Bassotti, Vincenzo Villanacci, Riccardo Nascimbeni, Moris Cadei, Stefania Manenti, Elisabetta Antonelli, Lucia Fanini, Bruno Salerni. Increase of Colonic Mast Cells in Obstructed Defecation and Their Relationship with Enteric Glia. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 2012; 57(1) doi: 10.1007/s10620-011-1848-y
46
Stergios K. Doumouchtsis, Ali Abdel Raheem, Jorge Milhem Haddad, Cornelia Betschart, Oscar Contreras Ortiz, Christiana C. Nygaard, Carlos A. Medina, Fillippo La Torre, George Iancu, Mauro Cervigni, Giuliano Zanni. An update of a former FIGO Working Group Report on Management of Posterior Compartment Prolapse. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 2020; 148(2) doi: 10.1002/ijgo.13006
47
F. Pucciani, M. Raggioli, M. N. Ringressi. Usefulness of psyllium in rehabilitation of obstructed defecation. Techniques in Coloproctology 2011; 15(4) doi: 10.1007/s10151-011-0722-4
48
Filippo Pucciani. Colon, Rectum and Anus: Anatomic, Physiologic and Diagnostic Bases for Disease Management. 2017;  doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-09807-4_23
49
Luigi Brusciano, Salvatore Tolone, Paolo Limongelli, Gianmattia Del Genio, Federico Messina, Jacopo Martellucci, Mariachiara Lanza Volpe, Antonio Longo, Ludovico Docimo. Anatomical and Functional Features of the Internal Rectal Prolapse With Outlet Obstruction Determined With 3D Endorectal Ultrasonography and High-Resolution Anorectal Manometry: An Observational Case-Control Study. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2018; 113(8) doi: 10.1038/s41395-018-0141-5
50
Akira Tsunoda, Tomoko Takahashi, Hiroshi Kusanagi. Reappraising the Role of Enterocele in the Obstructed Defecation Syndrome: Is Radiological Impaired Rectal Emptying Significant in Enterocele?. Journal of the Anus, Rectum and Colon 2022; 6(2) doi: 10.23922/jarc.2021-064
51
Mario Pescatori, Giovanni Milito, Marina Fiorino, Federica Cadeddu. Complications and reinterventions after surgery for obstructed defecation. International Journal of Colorectal Disease 2009; 24(8) doi: 10.1007/s00384-009-0639-9
52
C. W. Hicks, M. Weinstein, M. Wakamatsu, S. Pulliam, L. Savitt, L. Bordeianou. Are rectoceles the cause or the result of obstructed defaecation syndrome? A prospective anorectal physiology study. Colorectal Disease 2013; 15(8) doi: 10.1111/codi.12213
53
D. Carter, E. Bardan, C. Maradey-Romero. Clinical and physiological risk factors for fecal incontinence in chronically constipated women. Techniques in Coloproctology 2019; 23(5) doi: 10.1007/s10151-019-01985-0
54
Caitlin W. Hicks, Milena Weinstein, May Wakamatsu, Lieba Savitt, Samantha Pulliam, Liliana Bordeianou. In patients with rectoceles and obstructed defecation syndrome, surgery should be the option of last resort. Surgery 2014; 155(4) doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2013.11.013
55
Peng Zan, Rui Hong, Banghua Yang, Guofu Zhang, Yong Shao, Qiao Ding, Yutong Zhao, Hua Zhong. Diagnosis analysis of rectal function through using ensemble empirical mode decomposition–deep belief networks algorithm. Review of Scientific Instruments 2021; 92(6) doi: 10.1063/5.0042382
56
Ali Al-Nejar, Sylvie Van den Broeck, Quinten Smets, Philip Plaeke, Maarten Spinhoven, Guy Hubens, Niels Komen. Ventral mesh rectopexy. Does a descending perineum impact functional results and quality of life?. Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery 2024; 409(1) doi: 10.1007/s00423-024-03236-9
57
D R Chatoor, S J Taylor, C R G Cohen, A V Emmanuel. Faecal incontinence. British Journal of Surgery 2007; 94(2) doi: 10.1002/bjs.5676
58
O. Schwandner. Rektozele. coloproctology 2017; 39(1) doi: 10.1007/s00053-016-0131-2
59
Isuzu Meyer, Holly E. Richter. An Evidence-Based Approach to the Evaluation, Diagnostic Assessment, and Treatment of Fecal Incontinence in Women. Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports 2014; 3(3) doi: 10.1007/s13669-014-0085-8
60
Lorenzo Carlo Pescatori, Mario Pescatori, Vlasta Podzemny. Management of obstructed defecation. World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015; 21(4): 1053-1060 doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i4.1053
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O. Schwandner. Rektozele. Der Chirurg 2016; 87(11) doi: 10.1007/s00104-016-0287-x
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Søren Laurberg, Klaus Krogh. Anorectal and Colonic Diseases. 2010;  doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-69419-9_2
63
Isuzu Meyer, Holly E. Richter. Evolving Surgical Treatment Approaches for Fecal Incontinence in Women. Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports 2015; 4(2) doi: 10.1007/s13669-015-0116-0
64
Bonnie L. Westra, Kay Savik, Cristina Oancea, Lynn Choromanski, John H. Holmes, Donna Bliss. Predicting Improvement in Urinary and Bowel Incontinence for Home Health Patients Using Electronic Health Record Data. Journal of Wound, Ostomy & Continence Nursing 2011; 38(1) doi: 10.1097/WON.0b013e318202e4a6
65
Yong-bing Wang, Gang Li, Yun-feng Wang, Yu-jiang Ding, Guo-zheng Yan, Ding Han, Zhi-wu Wang, Xiao-hui Zhao. The evaluation of GI-pill gastrointestinal electronic capsule for colonic transit test in patients with slow transit constipation. International Journal of Colorectal Disease 2020; 35(1) doi: 10.1007/s00384-019-03422-y
66
Filippo Pucciani. Electrical Stimulation for Pelvic Floor Disorders. 2015;  doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-06947-0_6
67
Toya Pratt, Kavita Mishra. Evaluation and management of defecatory dysfunction in women. Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology 2018; 30(6) doi: 10.1097/GCO.0000000000000495
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Jacob E. Dowden, J. Daniel Stanley, Richard A. Moore. Obstructed Defecation after Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy: A Report of Four Cases. The American Surgeon™ 2010; 76(6) doi: 10.1177/000313481007600627
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Fouad Ashoush, Ahmed Abdelrahim, Omer Ali, Dariush Kamali, Sanjay Harrison, Anil Reddy, Walid Elshazly, Mohamed Sultan, Tamer Saafan, Sabry Abounozha, Mooyad Ahmed. A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Efficacy of Bilateral Percutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation Versus Biofeedback Pelvic Floor Muscle Training in the Management of Obstructed Defecation Syndrome. Cureus 2025;  doi: 10.7759/cureus.80885
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Alison J. Hainsworth, Marie Shella De Robles, Linda Ferrari, Deepa Solanki, Andrew B. Williams, Alexis Schizas. Total pelvic floor ultrasound can reliably predict long‐term treatment outcomes for patients with pelvic floor defaecatory dysfunction. Neurourology and Urodynamics 2023; 42(1) doi: 10.1002/nau.25051
71
Maria M Szojda, Erik Tanis, Chris JJ Mulder, Richelle JF Felt-Bersma. Referral for anorectal function evaluation is indicated in 65% and beneficial in 92% of patients. World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008; 14(2): 272-277 doi: 10.3748/wjg.14.272
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E. Abet, J. Podevin. Séquelles fonctionnelles des traumatismes anopérinéaux. Côlon & Rectum 2012; 6(1) doi: 10.1007/s11725-012-0361-6
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Joanne Sentance, Katie Stocking, Richard J. Edmondson, Rohna Kearney. Comparison of two questionnaires to diagnose obstructive defecation syndrome during pregnancy and post-natally. International Urogynecology Journal 2022; 33(11) doi: 10.1007/s00192-022-05114-8
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Ann C. Lowry, Jennifer Lynn Irani. Complexities in Colorectal Surgery. 2014;  doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-9022-7_12
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Ghazaleh Rostaminia, Steven Abramowitch, Cecilia Chang, Roger P. Goldberg. Descent and hypermobility of the rectum in women with obstructed defecation symptoms. International Urogynecology Journal 2020; 31(2) doi: 10.1007/s00192-019-03934-9
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Emmanuel Kamal Aziz Saba, Mervat Sheta Elsawy. Biofeedback pelvic floor muscle training versus posterior tibial nerve electrostimulation in treatment of functional obstructed defecation: a prospective randomized clinical trial. Egyptian Rheumatology and Rehabilitation 2022; 49(1) doi: 10.1186/s43166-022-00148-8
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Giovanni Milito, Federica Cadeddu, Ivana Selvaggio, Michele Grande. The Delorme repair for full-thickness rectal prolapse: A retrospective review. The American Journal of Surgery 2010; 199(4) doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2009.03.021
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Gwanchul Lee. Practices of Anorectal Surgery. 2019;  doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-1447-6_11
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Takeshi Takahashi-Monroy, Martin Morales, Sandra Garcia-Osogobio, Miguel A. Valdovinos, Carlos Belmonte, Camilo Barreto, Xeily Zarate, Orlando Bada, Liliana Velasco. SECCA® Procedure for the Treatment of Fecal Incontinence: Results of Five-Year Follow-Up. Diseases of the Colon & Rectum 2008; 51(3) doi: 10.1007/s10350-007-9169-0
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Adolfo Renzi, Luigi Brusciano, Pasquale Talento, Luigi Marano, Francesca Iacobellis, Antonio Vallo, Giovanna Frezza, Maurizio Grillo, Alessio Palumbo, Elisa Palladino, Benedetto Neola, Fabrizio Foroni, Michele Lanza, Massimo Antropoli, Carmine Antropoli, Mauro Natale Maglio, Maria Laura Sandoval Sotelo, Gianluca Pagano, Maria Michela Di Nuzzo, Luciano Vicenzo, Michele Schiano di Visconte, Gabriele Naldini, Leonardo Lenisa, Marcello Gasparrini, Giuseppe Candilio, Massimo Pezzatini, Francesca Ascari, Alberto Di Leo, Monica Urbani, Simona Ascanelli, Alessandro Bussotti, Natale Calomino, Domenico Izzo, Roberto Peltrini, Michele D'Ambra, Giovanni Greco, Giuseppe D'Oriano, Alfredo Giordano, Claudio Gambardella, Diletta Paola Iovino, Andrea Grego, Luigi Pellecchia, Luigi Monaco, Ilaria Ferrante, Giovanni Luca Lamanna, Vinicio Mosca, Sergii Girnyi, Gianluca Minieri, Luigi Losacco, Giacomo Sarzo, Giuseppe Calabrò, Francesco Ghiglione, Sergio Agradi, Michele Pinto, Andrea Marazzi, Mariangela Desantis, Federico Maria Mongardini, Massimo Mongardini, Aurora Marotta, Andrea Lauretta, Giovanni Ferreri, Alfredo Annicchiarico, Francesca Da Pozzo, Alfredo Ansalone, Matteo Zuin, Nadine Osman, Paolino Mauro, Corrado Rispoli, Tomasz Cwalinski, Roberto Rizzato, Nando Gallese, Marta Mozzon, Alessandro Stazi, Luana Franceschilli, Angelo Stuto, Eugenio Cudazzo, Silvia Malerba, Riccardo Brachet Contul, Antonio Canero, Nicola Antonacci, Francesca Milazzo, Costantino Magnani, Cristina Folliero, Francesca Babic, Silvia Marola, Andrea Braini, Guido Benegiamo, Umberto Cocozza, Bruno Masci, Rita Laforgia, Angela Pezzolla, Antonio Colangelo, Carmelo Geremia, Raffaella Marina Di Renzo, Claudio Pagano, Roberto Picheo, Umberto Favetta, Fabrizio Gambarini, Laura Chimisso, Gianmattia Terracciano, Adelaide Andriani, Giovanni Marino, Patrizia Liguori, Carmen Formisano, Izabela Zofia Paszkiewicz, Alfonso Reginelli, Francesco Tumminelli, Martina Caruso, Marianna Pennacchio, Francesco Antonio Ciarleglio, Nicola Lizza, Francesco d’Aniello, Lorenzo Asciore, Pierluigi Bianchi, Emanuela Tessari, Eleonora Rossin, Maria Paola Menna, Giampiero Ucchino, Fabrizio Vittadello, Monica Oliva, Francesca Gatto, Raffaella Ferrando, Ilaria Granese, Mario Cicconi, Massimiliano Mistrangelo, Giovanna Ioia, Valeria Gianfreda, Ettore Greco, Adriana Maria Landolfi, Giandomenico Di Sarno, Vincenzo Landolfi, Carolina Bartolini, Luciano Onofrio, Domenico De Vito, Salvatore Napolitano, Vincenzo Bottino, Antonio Longo, Antonio Brescia, Chiara Casiraghi, Alfonso Alderisio, Mario Massimo Mensorio, Ludovico Docimo, Antonio Brillantino. The Italian Unitary Society of Colon-Proctology (SIUCP: Società Italiana Unitaria di Colonproctologia) guidelines for the management of obstructed and ineffective defecation syndrome. Annals of Coloproctology 2026; 42(2) doi: 10.3393/ac.2025.00899.0128
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Oliver Schwandner. Indikationen und chirurgische Therapieoptionen beim obstruktiven Defäkationssyndrom. Viszeralmedizin 2012; 28(4) doi: 10.1159/000341787
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Domenico Izzo, Antonio Brillantino, Francesca Iacobellis, Paolo Falco, Adolfo Renzi, Roberto Rea. Role of 0.4 % glyceryl trinitrate ointment after stapled trans-anal rectal resection for obstructed defecation syndrome: a prospective, randomized trial. International Journal of Colorectal Disease 2014; 29(1) doi: 10.1007/s00384-013-1758-x
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Adolfo Renzi, Antonio Brillantino, Giandomenico Di Sarno, Francesco d’Aniello. Five-Item Score for Obstructed Defecation Syndrome. Surgical Innovation 2013; 20(2) doi: 10.1177/1553350612446354
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Filippo Pucciani. Coloproctology. 2015;  doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-10154-5_23-1
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Adolfo Renzi, Antonio Brillantino, Giandomenico Di Sarno, Francesco d’Aniello, Pasquale Bianco, Francesca Iacobellis, Alfonso Reginelli, Roberto Grassi. Transverse Perineal Support: A Novel Surgical Treatment for Perineal Descent in Patients With Obstructed Defecation Syndrome. Diseases of the Colon & Rectum 2016; 59(6) doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000000573
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Pier Francesco Almerigi, Mauro Menarini, Gabriele Bazzocchi. Pelvic Floor Disorders. 2010;  doi: 10.1007/978-88-470-1542-5_74
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M. Lukies, G. Harisis, A. Jarema, M. Scicchitano, W. MacLaurin. Defecating proctography: A pictorial essay. Radiography 2022; 28(3) doi: 10.1016/j.radi.2022.04.012
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