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For: Abboud B, El Hachem J, Yazbeck T, Doumit C. Hepatic portal venous gas: Physiopathology, etiology, prognosis and treatment. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15(29): 3585-3590 [PMID: 19653334 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.3585]
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v15/i29/3585.htm
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Number Citing Articles
1
Jessica Ruesen, Clarissa Gaitan Villela, Theodoros Xydias, Freya Kramer, Corinne Daester, Henrik Koehler. Aeroportia and pneumatosis intestinalis in infants with food protein‐induced‐allergic proctocolitis: A presentation of two cases. JPGN Reports 2025; 6(2) doi: 10.1002/jpr3.12164
2
Archana Priyadarshi, Sheryl Rogerson, Rommel Cruzado, Amanda Crow, Murray Hinder, Himanshu Popat, Soundappan S. V. Soundappan, Nadia Badawi, Mark Tracy. Neonatologist-performed point-of-care abdominal ultrasound: What have we learned so far?. Frontiers in Pediatrics 2023; 11 doi: 10.3389/fped.2023.1173311
3
Osama Dasa, Morgan K. Moroi, Mohammed Ruzieh. Gas in the Liver. Gastroenterology 2019; 157(2) doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.04.007
4
Malav P. Parikh, Muhammed Sherid, Venu Ganipisetti, Venu Gopalakrishnan, Maria Habib, Monika Tripathi. Vomiting-Induced Gastric Emphysema and Hepatoportal Venous Gas: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Case Reports in Medicine 2015; 2015 doi: 10.1155/2015/413230
5
Joseph Latham, Gayan Nanayakkara. A Case Report on Hepatic Portal Venous Gas (HPVG). Cureus 2022;  doi: 10.7759/cureus.30689
6
Nader Naguib, Peter Mekhail, Vivek Gupta, Nagy Naguib, Ashraf Masoud. Portal Venous Gas and Pneumatosis Intestinalis; Radiologic Signs with Wide Range of Significance in Surgery. Journal of Surgical Education 2012; 69(1) doi: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2011.07.005
7
PETER T. KALOGERINIS, JOHN E. POULOS, THOMAS H. DAIGNAULT, LEROY ROBERTS. Pain and chronic diarrhea in an elderly cancer patient. Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants 2011; 24(8) doi: 10.1097/01720610-201108000-00015
8
Ryuichiro Hirose, Hiroki Kai, Kaori Inatomi, Tsuyoshi Iwanaka, Naomi Morishima, Momotoshi Ikeda, Reiko Masaki, Akinori Iwasaki. Portal venous gas in intestinal malrotation with mild midgut volvulus. Surgical Case Reports 2019; 5(1) doi: 10.1186/s40792-019-0700-z
9
İlker Özgür Koska. Air in the portal vein: Not so dangerous in certain situations. A case report of portal vein air due to cow milk allergy. Izmir Democracy University Health Sciences Journal 2024; 7(1) doi: 10.52538/iduhes.1346526
10
Di Wu, Haixia Guan. Hepatic portal venous gas in anorexia nervosa. QJM 2016; 109(9) doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcw097
11
Ilgar NAMAZOV, Elgun SAMADOV, Tarlan MİRZEZADEH, Emin BAYRAMOV, Mohsum ASGAROV. Pneumobilia after blunt trauma of abdominal wall caused by car crash with hepatic rupture. Journal of Surgery and Medicine 2020;  doi: 10.28982/josam.736126
12
Anwei Liu, Jiao Shen, Liansheng Long, Xuezhi Shi, Qiang Wen, Zhiguo Pan. Hepatic portal venous gas initially manifesting as severe shock: a case series. Journal of International Medical Research 2024; 52(4) doi: 10.1177/03000605241239469
13
Manuel Durán, Rafael Calleja, Álvaro Naranjo, Javier Briceño. Gastric and intestinal pneumatosis. Gastroenterología y Hepatología (English Edition) 2019; 42(7) doi: 10.1016/j.gastre.2019.03.015
14
Ciaran E. Redmond, Gerard M. Healy, Brendan S. Kelly, Jeffrey McCann. Re: Treat the patient or radiology? Free intraperitoneal gas in clinically well patients with perforated diverticulitis. ANZ Journal of Surgery 2017; 87(1-2) doi: 10.1111/ans.13836
15
Priyanka Dube, Joshua K. Aalberg. Case Studies in Emergency Medicine. 2020;  doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-22445-5_15
16
Szu-Han Chen, Po-Yuan Wang, Meng-Chang Lee, Jhong-Lin Wu, Yen-Ju Chu, Hsin-Ming Liu, Ho-Sheng Chen, Wei-Chieh Tseng. Point-of-Care Ultrasound Assists in Diagnosis of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in a Newborn. Indian Journal of Pediatrics 2024; 91(1) doi: 10.1007/s12098-023-04624-7
17
Tiffany P. Schatz, Mohammed O. Nassif, Jeffrey M. Farma. Extensive portal venous gas. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports 2015; 8(C) doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2014.10.058
18
Maria Theresa Lugue, Gabriel Cruz, Daniel T Jones, Manvir S Heer, Linsey Bui, Christopher Pace, Scott A Silver. Severe Pneumatosis Intestinalis and Hepatic Portal Venous Gas in a Patient With Methamphetamine Use: Early Recognition and Management. Cureus 2024;  doi: 10.7759/cureus.68017
19
Alberto Arezzo, Federico Famiglietti, Domenica Garabello, Mario Morino. Complete Resolution of Emphysematous Gastritis After Conservative Management. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2011; 9(4) doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2010.10.024
20
Lvyuan Shi, Lietao Wang, Min He, Zhongwei Zhang. Severe acute pancreatitis with hepatic portal venous gas: A classic case report. Asian Journal of Surgery 2023; 46(6) doi: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2022.12.028
21
M. Tesnière, L. Marie, P. Lesage. Aéroportie. Annales françaises de médecine d'urgence 2013; 3(3) doi: 10.1007/s13341-012-0269-7
22
E.J. Nevins, P. Moori, C.S.J. Ward, K. Murphy, C.E. Elmes, J.V. Taylor. A rare case of ischaemic pneumatosis intestinalis and hepatic portal venous gas in an elderly patient with good outcome following conservative management. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports 2016; 25 doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2016.06.033
23
Takaaki Noguchi, Mitsuhiro Okamoto, Masahide Okamoto, Koro Gotoh, Takayuki Masaki, Hirotaka Shibata. Hepatic portal venous gas in a patient with diabetes on GLP-1 receptor agonist and alpha-glucosidase inhibitor. JCEM Case Reports 2026; 4(6) doi: 10.1210/jcemcr/luag070
24
Sabrina Manfredi, Martina Fabbi, Mattia Bonazzi, Fabio Leonardi, Francesca Miduri, Ilaria Parroccini, Eleonora Daga, Giacomo Gnudi, Antonella Volta. Ultrasonographic differentiation between portal venous and parenchymal gas may be important for the prognosis of canine and feline hepatic emphysema: 37 cases. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound 2019; 60(6) doi: 10.1111/vru.12797
25
Ángela Valencia Alijo, Sonia García-Prieto, Yale Tung-Chen. Ecografía clínica en la sospecha de colitis isquémica antes de la tomografía computarizada: reporte de un caso y discusión. FMC - Formación Médica Continuada en Atención Primaria 2022; 29(1) doi: 10.1016/j.fmc.2021.04.007
26
Othman A Iskander. Unraveling the Mystery of Hepatic Portal Vein Gas: Exploring Its Benign Nature and Surgical Implications. Cureus 2023;  doi: 10.7759/cureus.41231
27
Li Gao, Ningna Yang, Jing Zhang, Guowei Jin, Shaoqing Jiang, Yaopeng Yang. Clinical characteristics and treatment strategy of portal venous gas: a case series of 15 patients. International Journal of Surgery Open 2025; 63(1) doi: 10.1097/IO9.0000000000000241
28
Zehua Lin, Xiaopeng Guo, Yingchun Ma. Hepatic Portal Venous Gas in a Man on Maintenance Hemodialysis. The American Journal of Medicine 2020; 133(11) doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.03.050
29
Francesco Alessandrino, Aleksandar M. Ivanovic, Daniel Souza, Amin S. Chaoui, Jelena Djokic-Kovac, Koenraad J. Mortele. The hepatoduodenal ligament revisited: cross-sectional imaging spectrum of non-neoplastic conditions. Abdominal Radiology 2019; 44(4) doi: 10.1007/s00261-018-1829-0
30
Diagnostic Ultrasound: Abdomen and Pelvis. 2016;  doi: 10.1016/B978-0-323-37643-3.50050-5
31
Jia Li, Xinping Lan, Jianbo Guo, Zifang Shang. Catastrophic STS/SVS type B3 aortic dissection complicated by hepatic portal venous gas and multi-organ malperfusion: a case report. Frontiers in Medicine 2026; 13 doi: 10.3389/fmed.2026.1836688
32
Sofia Athanasiou, Christina Aslanidi, Aikaterini Sarri, Panagiotis Prigouris, Charikleia S. Vrettou, Aikaterini Pavlopoulou. Intramural gastric air in an acutely ill patient with endoscopic and surgical correlation. Radiology Case Reports 2020; 15(8) doi: 10.1016/j.radcr.2020.04.050
33
Victor M. Aquino-Jose, Steven Johnson, Michael Quinn, Tatiana Havryliuk. Arterial Gas Emboli Secondary to Portal Venous Gas Diagnosed With Point-of-Care Ultrasound: Case Report and Literature Review. The Journal of Emergency Medicine 2020; 59(6) doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2020.06.060
34
Li-Yun Wu, Cyuan-Yi Yeh, Shu-Wei Hu, Shu-Fen Wu, An-Chyi Chen. Pneumobilia in one 6-month-old female infant with choledochal cyst type I status post Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. Tungs' Medical Journal 2022; 16(2) doi: 10.4103/ETMJ.TMJ-110030
35
Bari Dane, Harris L. Cohen, Randall L. Scott, Samuel J. Galgano, Avneesh Gupta, Carla B. Harmath, Nancy Kim, Lyndon Luk, Motoyo Yano. . 2023;  doi: 10.54057/cpi.gi2023
36
Sami Daldoul, Amir Moussi, Bakhta Souad Gherib, Abdeljelil Zaouche. Portomesenteric venous gas in acute small bowel infarction associated with acalculous gangrenous cholecystitis. La Presse Médicale 2011; 40(7-8) doi: 10.1016/j.lpm.2010.10.034
37
Mohamed Abugrin, Kai Mebust. Emphysematous Gastritis and Portal Venous Gas. Annals of Internal Medicine: Clinical Cases 2024; 3(12) doi: 10.7326/aimcc.2024.0176
38
Iván Corona-Baig, Sergio Arturo Lee-Rojo, José Romeo García-Valdez. Pileflebitis y neumatosis portal secundario a enfermedad diverticular complicada. Cirujano General 2024; 46(2) doi: 10.35366/118282
39
Praveen Sridhar, P. Marco Fisichella. Bowel Ischemia and Portal Venous Gas: What to Do?. Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques 2016; 26(9) doi: 10.1089/lap.2016.0171
40
John Brady. Acute Care General Surgery. 2017;  doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-52255-5_19
41
O Kailani, M Farid, N Tewari, H T Khawaja. Portal venous gas: is it a premorbid indicator?. BMJ Case Reports 2011; 2011 doi: 10.1136/bcr.07.2010.3206
42
Abdulmalik Dredar, Prem Thanaratnam, Kaiser Hussain, Seth Andrews, Edward Mtui, Tara Catanzano. Acute Bowel Computed Tomography. Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI 2017; 38(4) doi: 10.1053/j.sult.2017.05.001
43
Marina Garcés Albir, Fernando López Mozos, Elena Martí Cuñat, Roberto Martí Obiol, Joaquín Ortega Serrano. Mesenteric Hepatic Portal Pneumatosis: Is It Always an Ominous Diagnosis?. Cirugía Española (English Edition) 2014; 92(1) doi: 10.1016/j.cireng.2012.02.003
44
P. Berger, A. Brochet-Paille, L. Poiron, J. Nsenda. Aéroportie au cours de l’acidocétose diabétique : un signe d’ischémie mésentérique sévère. Journal Européen des Urgences 2010; 23(3) doi: 10.1016/j.jeur.2010.10.001
45
Sarah K. Maxwell, Hailey Hobbs. Air Where? An Ominous Finding on Point-of-Care Ultrasound Scanning. CHEST 2023; 163(2) doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.02.058
46
Hiroyuki Koami, Tsutomu Isa, Tomonari Ishimine, Shinichiro Kameyama, Toshinobu Matsumura, Kosuke Chris Yamada, Yuichiro Sakamoto. Risk factors for bowel necrosis in patients with hepatic portal venous gas. Surgery Today 2015; 45(2) doi: 10.1007/s00595-014-0941-1
47
Kristina Seeger, Sami R. Achem. Hepatic Portal Venous Gas: An Unusual Complication Following Upper Endoscopy and Dilation. ACG Case Reports Journal 2014; 1(3) doi: 10.14309/crj.2014.26
48
Betul Emine Derinkuyu, Oznur Leman Boyunaga, Cagri Damar, Sezin Unal, Ebru Ergenekon, Ayse Gul Alimli, Cigdem Oztunali, Canan Turkyilmaz. Hepatic Complications of Umbilical Venous Catheters in the Neonatal Period: The Ultrasound Spectrum. Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 2018; 37(6) doi: 10.1002/jum.14443
49
Marek Kowalczyk, Łukasz Klepacki, Waldemar Kurpiewski, Łukasz Dyśko, Ewa Zieliński, Maciej Iwanowski, Lidia Glinka, Wiesław Pesta. Multiorgan air embolism as a complication of ruptured gastric ulcer. Polish Annals of Medicine 2021;  doi: 10.29089/2020.20.00174
50
Alexander Marcus Dashwood, Robert Mason, Courtney Jennings, Priyanka Dhillon. Hepatic portal venous gas with associated bowel ischaemia and intra-abdominal sepsis after recent chemotherapy. BMJ Case Reports 2016; 2016 doi: 10.1136/bcr-2015-213564
51
Dhruv Parikh, Joe Joseph Leyon, Swarupsinh Chavda. Gas Embolic Stroke Secondary to Bowel Infarction. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases 2016; 25(1) doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.08.035
52
Chie Koizumi, Nobuaki Michihata, Hiroki Matsui, Kiyohide Fushimi, Hideo Yasunaga. In‐Hospital Mortality for Hepatic Portal Venous Gas: Analysis of 1590 Patients Using a Japanese National Inpatient Database. World Journal of Surgery 2018; 42(3) doi: 10.1007/s00268-017-4189-y
53
Mohamed Hajri, Wael Ferjaoui, Aziz Atallah, Dhouha Bacha, Rached Bayar, Mohamed Tahar Khalfallah. Exceptional intraoperative aspects of mesenteric venous gas. Archives of Case Reports 2020; 4(1) doi: 10.29328/journal.acr.1001042
54
Dhiaalden Al Amri, Mustafa Al Hassani, Zaid Al Hassani, Aqeel Saleem, Muhammad Rab. Emphysematous Gastritis With Portal and Mesenteric Venous Gas Complicated by Septic Shock and Ileus: A Case Report. Cureus 2026;  doi: 10.7759/cureus.104164
55
Rahul Ch, Venkatesh Sudharsan Vaithiyam, Smita Manchanda, Debarchan Barman Roy, Sanchit Kumar, Animesh Ray, Naval Vikram. A 23-Year-Old Woman With a Rare Presentation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Its Complication. Chest 2021; 160(6) doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.02.079
56
佩捷 雷. Hepatic Portal Venous Gas Associated with Advanced Malignant Tumors: Two Case Report and Literature Review. World Journal of Cancer Research 2024; 14(02) doi: 10.12677/wjcr.2024.142010
57
Randi Connor-Schuler, Sophia Binz, Christopher Clark. Portal Venous Gas on Point-of-Care Ultrasound in a Case of Cecal Ischemia. The Journal of Emergency Medicine 2020; 58(3) doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2019.10.033
58
Chunhua Wang, Haifeng Jin, Hua Xue, Yanwei Zhang. Intrahepatic Gas Caused by Acute Gastroenteritis: Hepatic Portal Venous Gas or Biliary Tract Gas?. International Medical Case Reports Journal 2024;  doi: 10.2147/IMCRJ.S468694
59
Yui HOSHINO, Hiroyuki SUGIMOTO, Tomohisa OTSU. Time-lapse like appearance ∼ characteristic finding of Portal venous gas observed by Superb micro-vascular imaging. Choonpa Igaku 2021; 48(6) doi: 10.3179/jjmu.JJMU.A.202
60
Beom Jun Lee, Ahmed O. A. Krim, Paul Samson. First presentation of Crohn’s disease complicated with hepatic portal venous gas and pylephlebitis. South African Journal of Radiology 2017; 21(1) doi: 10.4102/sajr.v21i1.1212
61
Sherin Daniel, Denease Francis, Michelle Tobin, Anupama Chawla. Case of hepatic portal venous gas in an infant with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. BMJ Case Reports 2018; 2018 doi: 10.1136/bcr-2018-224794
62
Hideki Kogo, Hideaki Takasaki, Yoshinori Sakata, Yoshiharu Nakamura, Hiroshi Yoshida. A case of hepatic portal venous gas that resolved with conservative treatment. Clinical Case Reports 2021; 9(1) doi: 10.1002/ccr3.3534
63
Denzil Garteiz Martínez, Oscar Alejandro Mora Torres, Alejandro Weber Sánchez, Mario Calva Arcos, Alejandro Zatarain Gulmar. ¿Neumobilia o gas en sistema venoso portal? Implicaciones clínicas, diagnósticas y terapéuticas. Acta Médica Grupo Ángeles 2022; 20(1) doi: 10.35366/103561
64
Kewal A. Mistry, Dinesh Sood, Veenal Chadha, Rohit Bhoil, Sarthak Sharma. In Response to the Article “Usefulness of Ultrasound Examinations in the Diagnostics of Necrotizing Enterocolitis”. Pol J Radiol, 2015; 80: 1-9. Polish Journal of Radiology 2015; 80 doi: 10.12659/PJR.894761
65
Tevfik Solakoglu, Sevil O. Sari, Huseyin Koseoglu, Murat Basaran, Mustafa Akar, Semnur Buyukasik, Osman Ersoy. A case of hepatic portal venous gas after colonoscopy. Arab Journal of Gastroenterology 2016; 17(3) doi: 10.1016/j.ajg.2016.08.004
66
Minjia Wang, Jia Song, Shijin Gong, Yihua Yu, Weihang Hu, Yueben Wang. Hepatic portal venous gas with pneumatosis intestinalis secondary to mesenteric ischemia in elderly patients. Medicine 2020; 99(17) doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000019810
67
Toshiyuki Kubo, Kentaro Yamashita, Yoshihiro Yokoyama, Daisuke Hirayama, Tomohiro Shirata, Kei Mitsuhashi, Kei Onodera, Eiichiro Yamamoto, Katsuhiko Nosho, Hiroo Yamano, Terufumi Kubo, Shintaro Sugita, Tadashi Hasegawa, Hiroshi Nakase. Hepatic portal venous gas due to polystyrene sulfonate-induced enteritis. Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology 2018; 11(3) doi: 10.1007/s12328-018-0818-8
68
Carol B. Benson, Mary C. Frates. Noninvasive Vascular Diagnosis. 2021;  doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-49616-6_48-1
69
Karan Singh, Mangala Narasimhan. A 26-Year-Old Man on Prolonged Mechanical Ventilatory Support With a Sudden Elevation in Peak Pressures. CHEST 2017; 151(3) doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2016.07.048
70
Gianluca Cassese, Francesco Maione, Mariantonietta Alagia, Luisa Ambrosio, Emanuele Caruso, Alessia Chini, Claudio Cimmino, Riccardo Aurelio Nasto, Francesca Pegoraro, Mariano Cesare Giglio, Giovanni Domenico De Palma. Portal venous gas after a failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography attempt in a patient with a large hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report. Clinical Case Reports 2021; 9(3) doi: 10.1002/ccr3.3766
71
Keita Kouzu, Yoshiki Kajiwara, Suefumi Aosasa, Yusuke Ishibashi, Keisuke Yonemura, Koichi Okamoto, Eiji Shinto, Hironori Tsujimoto, Kazuo Hase, Hideki Ueno. Hepatic portal venous gas related to appendicitis. Journal of Surgical Case Reports 2018; 2018(12) doi: 10.1093/jscr/rjy333
72
Expertddx: Abdomen and Pelvis. 2017;  doi: 10.1016/B978-0-323-44287-9.50102-9
73
Karin T. Spiller, Beth W. Eisenberg. Extensive hepatic portal venous gas and gastric pneumatosis in a cat. Veterinary Medicine and Science 2021; 7(2) doi: 10.1002/vms3.399
74
Francesco M. Arico, Francesco Buemi, Pietro Pitrone, Claudio Giardina, Renato Trimarchi, Flavia Borruto, Sarah Doria, Cristina Turiaco, Simona Caloggero. Hepatic Portal Venous Gas (HPVG) after Ingestion of Chlorine Bleach: A Transient Phenomenon. Diagnostics 2023; 13(24) doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13243615
75
Qing Zhang, Heyu Meng, Yanqiu Chen, Fanbo Meng. Bezoar as a cause of portal vein pneumatosis: a case report. Journal of International Medical Research 2023; 51(6) doi: 10.1177/03000605231180540
76
Masayoshi Nishina, Hiroyasu Suga, Yoshizumi Deguchi, Takayuki Sato, Shunshi Nishikubo, Takamitsu Masuda, Takao Nakagawa. Two Cases of Intestinal Ischemia Associated with Hepatic Portal Venous Gas. Nihon Gekakei Rengo Gakkaishi (Journal of Japanese College of Surgeons) 2011; 36(1) doi: 10.4030/jjcs.36.32
77
Chen-June Seak, Kuang-Hung Hsu, Yon-Cheong Wong, Chip-Jin Ng, David Hung-Tsang Yen, Joanna Chen-Yeen Seak, Chen-Ken Seak. The prognostic factors of adult patients with hepatic portal venous gas in the ED. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine 2014; 32(9) doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2014.05.016
78
Carol B. Benson, Mary C. Frates. Noninvasive Vascular Diagnosis. 2013;  doi: 10.1007/978-1-4471-4005-4_46
79
Hideo Kidogawa, Shigehiko Ito, Koji Onizuka, Takatomo Yamayoshi. Indications for Conservative Treatment in Patients with Hepatic Portal-venous Gas. The Japanese Journal of Gastroenterological Surgery 2011; 44(11) doi: 10.5833/jjgs.44.1355
80
Zouheir Ibrahim Bitar, Mohamed Elsayed Elhabibi, Ossama Sajeh Maadarani, Ali Khalifa Albirami, Mahmoud Mostafa Elzoueiry, Tamer Mohamed Zaalouk. Hepatic portal vein gas detected by point of care ultrasound. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports 2021; 83 doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2021.105974
81
Peng Xu, Shili Zhong, Xiaoyu Peng. Barium-associated intestinal ischemia complicated with massive hepatic portal venous gas: A successful survival case report. Journal of International Medical Research 2026; 54(6) doi: 10.1177/03000605261457776
82
Liping Yang, Chao Lu. Occurrence of portal venous gas following routine endoscopy: a case report. Open Medicine 2026; 21(1) doi: 10.1515/med-2026-1474
83
Lisa Mehl, Christa Schmidt, Ulrike Weidner, Guntram Lock. Sonographically Detected Hepatic Portal Venous Gas – Prevalence, Causes, and Clinical Implications. Ultraschall in der Medizin - European Journal of Ultrasound 2023; 44(04) doi: 10.1055/a-1797-9986
84
Marzena Barczuk-Falęcka, Przemysław Bombiński, Zofia Majkowska, Michał Brzewski, Stanisław Warchoł. Hepatic Portal Venous Gas in Children Younger Than 2 Years Old – Radiological and Clinical Characteristics in Diseases Other Than Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Polish Journal of Radiology 2018; 82 doi: 10.12659/PJR.899995
85
Kristen M. Hutchinson, Kelly Tart, Kari L. Anderson, Lisa L. Powell. Pneumatosis of the intestines, colon and liver in a young cat. Veterinary Medicine and Science 2018; 4(2) doi: 10.1002/vms3.96
86
Iulian A Dogaru, Daniela E Gheoca Mutu, Bogdan M Ursuț, Florin M Filipoiu, Adrian D Tulin. Decoding Hepatic Portal Venous Gas: A Case Report. Cureus 2024;  doi: 10.7759/cureus.54050
87
Jonathan Arnott, Shaun McGee, Mark Wills. Mesenteric ischaemia: an overview of diagnostic and therapeutic best practice. British Journal of Hospital Medicine 2018; 79(2) doi: 10.12968/hmed.2018.79.2.87
88
Haimin Chen, Qingsong Wu, Hongcai Fang, Bo Liang, Lu Fang. Intestinal necrosis cannot be neglected in a patient with hepatic portal vein gas combined with appendicitis: a rare case report and literature review. BMC Surgery 2019; 19(1) doi: 10.1186/s12893-019-0478-8
89
Josep Martí, Oscar Vidal, Guerson Benarroch, Josep Fuster, Juan Carlos García-Valdecasas. Portal Pneumatosis Secondary to Acute Appendicitis. Cirugía Española (English Edition) 2013; 91(3) doi: 10.1016/j.cireng.2013.07.006
90
Brett Sydney Bernstein, Rory George Callan, Darryl Ethan Bernstein, Tom Pampiglione. Hepatic portal venous gas: acute deterioration in an elderly patient. Journal of Surgical Case Reports 2017; 2017(12) doi: 10.1093/jscr/rjx245
91
Chun Wang, Yuanyuan Li, Yunxiang Yin, Cheng Xi, Meixian Su. Hepatic Portal Venous Gas Associated with Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage: A Case Report and Literature Review. Current Medical Imaging Formerly Current Medical Imaging Reviews 2024; 20 doi: 10.2174/0115734056282877240222095545
92
Chang Geun Lee, Hyoun Woo Kang, Min Keun Song, Jae Hak Kim, Jun Kyu Lee, Yun Jeong Lim, Moon-Soo Koh, Jin Ho Lee. A Case of Hepatic Portal Venous Gas as a Complication of Endoscopic Balloon Dilatation. Journal of Korean Medical Science 2011; 26(8) doi: 10.3346/jkms.2011.26.8.1108
93
Taha Mollah, Xingyi Zhang, Thiep Kuany, Olukunle Onasanya, Brett Knowles. Hepatic Portal Venous Gas in Acute Pancreatitis—A Critical Finding: A Systematic Review. The American Surgeon™ 2025; 91(7) doi: 10.1177/00031348251338383
94
CY Kong, HL Goh, JE Anderson. Portal venous gas as a radiological sign in a sigmoid diverticular abscess and its non-surgical management: a case report. The Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 2020; 102(7) doi: 10.1308/rcsann.2020.0089
95
Corinna Slawinski, Ed Parkin, Patrick Casey, Stephen Pettit. Hepatic portal venous gas complicating Bickerstaff's encephalitis with Guillain Barré overlap. BMJ Case Reports 2015; 2015 doi: 10.1136/bcr-2015-211514
96
Harsh V Baranwal, Muskan Dugar, Ronit Biswas, Sumit Sharma, Vivek Katiyar. Gas Beyond the Lumen: Gastric Pneumatosis With Portal Venous Gas Following Blunt Abdominal Trauma. Cureus 2026;  doi: 10.7759/cureus.106116
97
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