BPG is committed to discovery and dissemination of knowledge
Articles Published Processes Featured Articles Journals Submit a Manuscript
Cited by in CrossRef
For: Koloski NA, Bret L, Radford-Smith G. Hygiene hypothesis in inflammatory bowel disease: A critical review of the literature. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14(2): 165-173 [PMID: 18186549 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.165]
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v14/i2/165.htm
(0) (0) (15157) (166)
Number Citing Articles
1
Margherita T. Cantorna, Sanhong Yu, Danny Bruce. The paradoxical effects of vitamin D on type 1 mediated immunity. Molecular Aspects of Medicine 2008; 29(6) doi: 10.1016/j.mam.2008.04.004
2
Ki-Hyun Kim, Shamin Ara Jahan, Ehsanul Kabir. A review on human health perspective of air pollution with respect to allergies and asthma. Environment International 2013; 59 doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.05.007
3
Benjamin McDonald, Adar Zinger, David T. Rubin. The Rose and Mackay Textbook of Autoimmune Diseases. 2024;  doi: 10.1016/B978-0-443-23947-2.00014-X
4
Xiaofa Qin. What caused the extra high incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in the industrialized countries in the west: Lack of some nutrients or increased intake of some harmful agents?. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 2009; 15(2) doi: 10.1002/ibd.20606
5
Abigail Basson, Rina Swart, Esme Jordaan, Mikateko Mazinu, Gillian Watermeyer, Fabio Cominelli. The Association between Childhood Environmental Exposures and the Subsequent Development of Crohn's Disease in the Western Cape, South Africa. PLoS ONE 2014; 9(12) doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115492
6
Joshua Reno. Waste and Waste Management. Annual Review of Anthropology 2015; 44(1) doi: 10.1146/annurev-anthro-102214-014146
7
Edward L. Barnes, Michael D. Kappelman. Do Shared Exposures Link the Lungs and Gut? Association Between Asthma and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2017; 15(9) doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2017.04.030
8
Meenakshi Bewtra, James D. Lewis. Secular Trends in Hospitalization for IBD: The Ecological Niche. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 2009; 54(9) doi: 10.1007/s10620-009-0807-3
9
Michael Elten, Eric I. Benchimol, Deshayne B. Fell, M. Ellen Kuenzig, Glenys Smith, Gilaad G. Kaplan, Hong Chen, Dan Crouse, Eric Lavigne. Residential Greenspace in Childhood Reduces Risk of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Population-Based Cohort Study. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2021; 116(2) doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000990
10
Mathilde Versini, Pierre-Yves Jeandel, Tomer Bashi, Giorgia Bizzaro, Miri Blank, Yehuda Shoenfeld. Unraveling the Hygiene Hypothesis of helminthes and autoimmunity: origins, pathophysiology, and clinical applications. BMC Medicine 2015; 13(1) doi: 10.1186/s12916-015-0306-7
11
Thomas Fairlie, Ayesha Shah, Reuben K. Wong, Xiucai Fang, Uday C. Ghoshal, Purna C. Kashyap, Agata Mulak, Yeong Yeh Lee, Ami D. Sperber, Natasha Koloski, Naomi Moy, Nicholas J. Talley, Michael P. Jones, Gerald Holtmann. A multifaceted ecological approach to explore links between environmental factors and the epidemiology of disorders of gut–brain interaction. Neurogastroenterology & Motility 2024; 36(9) doi: 10.1111/nmo.14866
12
Zilong Zhang, Lan Chen, Zhengmin (Min) Qian, Haitao Li, Miao Cai, Xiaojie Wang, Stephen E. McMillin, Michael G. Vaughn, Kun Liu, Zhongjun Shao, Hualiang Lin. Residential green and blue space associated with lower risk of adult-onset inflammatory bowel disease: Findings from a large prospective cohort study. Environment International 2022; 160 doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107084
13
Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Kwanjit Duangsonk, Chawin Lopimpisuth, Agnes Hiu-Yan Ho, Panisara Fangsaard, Banthoon Sukphutanan, Yanfang Pang, Nattanicha Chaisrimaneepan, Disatorn Dejvajara, Thanathip Suenghataiphorn, Rinrada Worapongpaiboon, Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk, Rashid N. Lui, Gursimran Singh Kochhar, Siew C Ng, Francis A. Farraye, Karn Wijarnpreecha. Geographical and sociodemographic epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in young females from 2010 to 2019. Digestive and Liver Disease 2025; 57(1) doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2024.07.007
14
M. Shale, S. P. L. Travis. Exposure to hookworms in patients with Crohn’s disease. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2011; 34(10) doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04853.x
15
David O. Lyons, Nicholas A. Pullen. Beyond IgE: Alternative Mast Cell Activation Across Different Disease States. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020; 21(4) doi: 10.3390/ijms21041498
16
Gerard Mullin. Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Nutrition Desk Reference. 2011;  doi: 10.1201/b11184-4
17
G. R. Bikbavova, M. A. Livzan, E. A. Shmurygina. Obesity and infl ammatory bowel disease: is there a link?. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology 2020; (10) doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-182-10-133-141
18
Eun Young Choi, Kwang Keun Cho, In Soon Choi. Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Cytokine. Journal of Life Science 2013; 23(3) doi: 10.5352/JLS.2013.23.3.448
19
Anne-Louise Ponsonby, Anthony G. Catto-Smith, Angela Pezic, Sandy Dupuis, Jane Halliday, Don Cameron, Ruth Morley, John Carlin, Terry Dwyer. Association between early-life factors and risk of child-onset Crohnʼs disease among victorian children born 1983–1998: A birth cohort study. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 2009; 15(6) doi: 10.1002/ibd.20842
20
Yvonne Oligschlaeger, Tulasi Yadati, Tom Houben, Claudia Maria Condello Oliván, Ronit Shiri-Sverdlov. Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Stressed “Gut/Feeling”. Cells 2019; 8(7) doi: 10.3390/cells8070659
21
Hermelijn H. Smits, Pieter S. Hiemstra, Clarissa Prazeres da Costa, Markus Ege, Michael Edwards, Holger Garn, Peter H. Howarth, Tuomas Jartti, Esther C. de Jong, Rick M. Maizels, Ben J. Marsland, Henry J. McSorley, Anne Müller, Petra I. Pfefferle, Huub Savelkoul, Jürgen Schwarze, Wendy W.J. Unger, Erika von Mutius, Maria Yazdanbakhsh, Christian Taube. Microbes and asthma: Opportunities for intervention. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2016; 137(3) doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.01.004
22
Ian Logan, Christopher L. Bowlus. The geoepidemiology of autoimmune intestinal diseases. Autoimmunity Reviews 2010; 9(5) doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2009.11.008
23
Ae-Jung Kim, Myung-Ryun Han, Myung-Hwan Kim, Ki-Hwan Tae, Soo-Jung Lee. Immune Activity of Mosidae and Quality Characteristics of Brown Rice Dasik Using Mosidae Powder. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2009; 38(5) doi: 10.3746/jkfn.2009.38.5.548
24
Stephen B Hanauer, Daan W Hommes. Inflammatory bowel disease. Expert Review of Clinical Immunology 2010; 6(4) doi: 10.1586/eci.10.52
25
Larissa Sbaglia Celiberto, Raquel Bedani, Elizeu Antonio Rossi, Daniela Cardoso Umbelino Cavallini. Probiotics: The Scientific Evidence in the Context of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 2015;  doi: 10.1080/10408398.2014.941457
26
Morten H. Vatn. Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis. 2012;  doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-0998-4_2
27
Runze Bai, Xiaochi Zhang, Guoao Li, Yiyi Wang, Hujia Zhang, Baopeng Liu, Xiuli Zuo, Jie Yan, Qi Zhao. Association Between Exposure to Air Pollutant Mixture and Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Modifying Effects of Healthy Lifestyle and Residential Greenspace. Toxics 2026; 14(4) doi: 10.3390/toxics14040333
28
T. L. Alexandrov, B. A. Nanaeva, T. A. Baranova, I. A. Tishaeva, D. V. Podolskaya, E. S. Peda, O. V. Knyazev, M. V. Shapina. Effect of cytomegalovirus infection on moderate and severe ulcerative colitis. Koloproktologia 2021; 20(3) doi: 10.33878/10.33878/2073-7556-2021-20-3-28-34
29
P. Tavakoli, U. Vollmer-Conna, D. Hadzi-Pavlovic, M. C. Grimm. A Review of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Model of Microbial, Immune and Neuropsychological Integration. Public Health Reviews 2021; 42 doi: 10.3389/phrs.2021.1603990
30
S. Fischer, T. Rath, M. F. Neurath. Chronisch-entzündliche Darmerkrankungen. Der Internist 2018; 59(7) doi: 10.1007/s00108-018-0442-1
31
Josko Bozic, Roko Santic, Piero Marin Zivkovic, Marko Kumric. Diet, Gut Microbiome, and Microbial Metabolites in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: From Functional Dysbiosis to Precision Nutrition. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2026; 27(12) doi: 10.3390/ijms27125262
32
Tasneem Ahmed, Florian Rieder, Claudio Fiocchi, Jean-Paul Achkar. Pathogenesis of postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease. Gut 2011; 60(4) doi: 10.1136/gut.2010.221705
33
T. L. Alexandrov, B. A. Nanaeva, T. A. Baranova, I. A. Tishaeva, D. V. Podolskaya, E. S. Peda, O. V. Knyazev, M. V. Shapina. Effect of cytomegalovirus infection on moderate and severe ulcerative colitis. Koloproktologia 2021; 20(3) doi: 10.33878/2073-7556-2021-20-3-28-34
34
Mohammed Hasosah, Wafaa Alhashmi, Renad Abualsaud, Anas Alamoudi, Afnan Aljawad, Mariam Tunkar, Nooran Felemban, Ahmed Basalim, Muhammad Khan, Aziz Alanazi, Ali Almehaidib. Environmental Risk Factors for Childhood Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Multicenter Case-Control Study. Children 2022; 9(3) doi: 10.3390/children9030438
35
Gernot Sellge, Pamela Schnupf, Philippe J. Sansonetti. Bacterial Virulence. 2010;  doi: 10.1002/9783527629664.ch10
36
Periklis Vounotrypidis, Georgios Kouklakis. The “soft collagen” hypothesis in the pathogenesis of the inflammatory bowel disease and the seronegative spondylarthritides. Medical Hypotheses 2010; 75(3) doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2010.03.001
37
Ayokunle T Abegunde, Bashir H Muhammad, Owais Bhatti, Tauseef Ali. Environmental risk factors for inflammatory bowel diseases: Evidence based literature review. World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016; 22(27): 6296-6317 doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i27.6296
38
Garett Dunsmore, Petya Koleva, Nafiseh Ghobakhloo, Reed Sutton, Lindsy Ambrosio, Xuanyi Meng, Naomi Hotte, Vivian Nguyen, Karen L Madsen, Levinus A Dieleman, Vivian Huang, Shokrollah Elahi. Lower Abundance and Impaired Function of CD71+ Erythroid Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients During Pregnancy. Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 2019; 13(2) doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy147
39
Conghua Song, Jinpu Yang, Wen Ye, Yuting Zhang, Chunyan Tang, Xiaomei Li, Xiaojiang Zhou, Yong Xie. Urban–rural environmental exposure during childhood and subsequent risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis. Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 2019; 13(6) doi: 10.1080/17474124.2018.1511425
40
Paris Tavakoli, Ute Vollmer-Conna, Dusan Hadzi-Pavlovic, Xabier Vázquez-Campos, Michael Carl Grimm. The Interplay Between Use of Biological Therapies, Psychological State, and the Microbiome in IBD. Frontiers in Medicine 2022; 9 doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.788992
41
Anja SCHIRBEL, Claudio FIOCCHI. Inflammatory bowel disease: Established and evolving considerations on its etiopathogenesis and therapy. Journal of Digestive Diseases 2010; 11(5) doi: 10.1111/j.1751-2980.2010.00449.x
42
Ecenur BAYIR, Gözde ELGİN CEBE. ENFLAMATUAR BAĞIRSAK HASTALIĞI VE TIBBİ BİTKİLER: GÜNCEL BİR GÖZDEN GEÇİRME. Ankara Universitesi Eczacilik Fakultesi Dergisi 2024; 48(2) doi: 10.33483/jfpau.1393243
43
Reem Alhasan, Talal Alshatti, Sanaullah Sajid. Modifiable risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease in Kuwait: A cross-sectional analysis. PLOS One 2025; 20(12) doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0338005
44
Javier Ochoa-Repáraz, Lloyd H. Kasper. Gut microbiome and the risk factors in central nervous system autoimmunity. FEBS Letters 2014; 588(22) doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.09.024
45
Lila Khelifi, Imene Soufli, Moussa Labsi, Chafia Touil-Boukoffa. Immune-protective effect of echinococcosis on colitis experimental model is dependent of down regulation of TNF-α and NO production. Acta Tropica 2017; 166 doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.10.020
46
Margherita T. Cantorna, Juhi Arora. Feldman and Pike's Vitamin D. 2024;  doi: 10.1016/B978-0-323-91338-6.00047-1
47
Shashideep Singhal, Delia Dian, Ali Keshavarzian, Louis Fogg, Jeremy Z. Fields, Ashkan Farhadi. The Role of Oral Hygiene in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 2011; 56(1) doi: 10.1007/s10620-010-1263-9
48
I.K. Liyanage, M.A. Niriella, A.P. de Silva, N. de Silva, H.J. de Silva. Acute Dermato-Lymphangio-Adenitis Following Administration of Infliximab for Crohn's Disease. ACG Case Reports Journal 2019; 6(6) doi: 10.14309/crj.0000000000000075
49
Airi Jussila, Lauri J. Virta, Hannu Kautiainen, Matti Rekiaro, Urpo Nieminen, Martti A. Färkkilä. Increasing incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases between 2000 and 2007: A nationwide register study in Finland. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 2012; 18(3) doi: 10.1002/ibd.21695
50
Yavuz Çağır, Muhammed Bahaddin Durak, Orhan Coşkun, İlyas Tenlik, Öykü Tayfur Yürekli, Mevlüt Hamamcı, Ali Atay, Abdurrahim Yıldırım, Mücahit Ergül, Oğuz Özturk, Ahmet Faruk Kalkışım, Abdurrezzak Yılmaz, Emir Tuğrul Keskin, Muhammed Mustafa İnce, Ahmet Burak Fedai, Volkan Gökbulut, Çağdaş Kalkan, Ömer Öztürk, Aylin Demirezer Bolat, Mahmut Yüksel, Hasan Tankut Köseoğlu, İlhami Yüksel. A trend analysis of inflammatory bowel disease in non-endemic era (1993-2023). Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine 2024; 7(5) doi: 10.32322/jhsm.1541938
51
Laura J. Appleby, Norman Nausch, Francesca Heard, Louise Erskine, Claire D. Bourke, Nicholas Midzi, Takafira Mduluza, Judith E. Allen, Francisca Mutapi. Down Regulation of the TCR Complex CD3ζ-Chain on CD3+ T Cells: A Potential Mechanism for Helminth-Mediated Immune Modulation. Frontiers in Immunology 2015; 6 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00051
52
Kimberley W J van der Sloot, Rinse K Weersma, Behrooz Z Alizadeh, Gerard Dijkstra. Identification of Environmental Risk Factors Associated With the Development of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 2020; 14(12) doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa114
53
Sunny H. Wong, Siew C. Ng. What Can We Learn From Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Developing Countries?. Current Gastroenterology Reports 2013; 15(3) doi: 10.1007/s11894-013-0313-9
54
George J. Armelagos. The Hygiene Hypothesis and Darwinian Medicine. 2009;  doi: 10.1007/978-3-7643-8903-1_2
55
Amit Kumar Dutta, Ashok Chacko. Influence of environmental factors on the onset and course of inflammatory bowel disease. World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016; 22(3): 1088-1100 doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i3.1088
56
Christina Mai Ying Naidoo, Steven T. Leach, Andrew S. Day, Daniel A. Lemberg. Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children of Middle Eastern Descent. International Journal of Pediatrics 2014; 2014 doi: 10.1155/2014/906128
57
Tunay Kökten, Franck Hansmannel, Hasan Melhem, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet. Physiopathologie des maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l’intestin (MICI). Hegel 2016; (2) doi: 10.3917/heg.062.0119
58
Danny Bruce, Margherita T Cantorna. Intrinsic Requirement for the Vitamin D Receptor in the Development of CD8αα-Expressing T Cells. The Journal of Immunology 2011; 186(5) doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003444
59
Victor Tinashe Sabe, Abigail Raffner Basson, Esme Jordaan, Mikateko Mazinu, Anatoly V. Grishin. The association between environmental exposures during childhood and the subsequent development of Crohn’s disease: A score analysis approach. PLOS ONE 2017; 12(2) doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171742
60
Kaiqi Yang, Yuchen Ding, Jinlong Chen, Xiujing Sun. No potential causal link between HP infection and IBD: A 2way Mendelian randomization study. Medicine 2024; 103(8) doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000037175
61
Evangelia Legaki, Maria Gazouli. Influence of environmental factors in the development of inflammatory bowel diseases. World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2016; 7(1): 112-125 doi: 10.4292/wjgpt.v7.i1.112
62
G A W Rook, C L Raison, C A Lowry. Microbial ‘old friends’, immunoregulation and socioeconomic status. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 2014; 177(1) doi: 10.1111/cei.12269
63
Joseph E. Igetei, Marwa El-Faham, Susan Liddell, Gabriele Schramm, Michael J. Doenhoff. Antigenic cross-reactivity between Schistosoma mansoni and pollen allergens from the birch tree (Betula verrucosa) and Timothy grass (Phleum pratense): involvement of shared glycan epitopes and implications for the hygiene hypothesis. International Journal for Parasitology 2018; 48(5) doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.12.005
64
Elaheh Karimzadeh‐Soureshjani, Farab Pourhasan, Pouria Ahmadi Simab, Nabi Jomehzadeh, Ali Saeedi‐Boroujeni. Helicobacter pylori and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Unraveling the Complex Interactions and Clinical Implications. JGH Open 2025; 9(12) doi: 10.1002/jgh3.70319
65
A. Kramer, S. Bekeschus, B.M. Bröker, H. Schleibinger, B. Razavi, O. Assadian. Maintaining health by balancing microbial exposure and prevention of infection: the hygiene hypothesis versus the hypothesis of early immune challenge. Journal of Hospital Infection 2013; 83 doi: 10.1016/S0195-6701(13)60007-9
66
Christine McDonald, Claudio Fiocchi. Advances in the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. 2013;  doi: 10.2217/ebo.12.255
67
Catarina Frias Gomes, Neeraj Narula, Bárbara Morão, Paulo Nicola, Marília Cravo, Joana Torres. Mode of Delivery Does Not Affect the Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 2021; 66(2) doi: 10.1007/s10620-020-06204-7
68
Christine Hellsing, Anne K. Örtqvist, Eva Hagel, Carmen Mesas‐Burgos, Ulf O. Gustafsson, Anna Löf Granström. Delivery mode and risk of gastrointestinal disease in the offspring. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 2022; 101(10) doi: 10.1111/aogs.14427
69
Timo M. Blomster, Olli-Pekka Koivurova, Ritva Koskela, Karl-Heinz Herzig, Nicholas J. Talley, Jukka Ronkainen. Pregnancy period and early-life risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease: a Northern Finland birth cohort 1966 study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24(1) doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-18549-z
70
Bruno César da Silva, Andre Castro Lyra, Raquel Rocha, Genoile Oliveira Santana. Epidemiology, demographic characteristics and prognostic predictors of ulcerative colitis. World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014; 20(28): 9458-9467 doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i28.9458
71
Netanel F Zilberstein, Phillip A Engen, Garth R Swanson, Ankur Naqib, Zoe Post, Julian Alutto, Stefan J Green, Maliha Shaikh, Kristi Lawrence, Darbaz Adnan, Lijuan Zhang, Robin M Voigt, Joel Schwartz, Ali Keshavarzian. The Bidirectional Effects of Periodontal Disease and Oral Dysbiosis on Gut Inflammation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 2025; 19(4) doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjae162
72
Tyler Atagozli, David E. Elliott, Mirac Nedim Ince. Helminth Lessons in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). Biomedicines 2023; 11(4) doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11041200
73
Natalie A. Molodecky, Remo Panaccione, Subrata Ghosh, Herman W. Barkema, Gilaad G. Kaplan. Challenges associated with identifying the environmental determinants of the inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 2011; 17(8) doi: 10.1002/ibd.21511
74
Stephen M. Vindigni, Timothy L. Zisman, David L. Suskind, Christopher J. Damman. The intestinal microbiome, barrier function, and immune system in inflammatory bowel disease: a tripartite pathophysiological circuit with implications for new therapeutic directions. Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology 2016; 9(4) doi: 10.1177/1756283X16644242
75
Anders Mark-Christensen, Aksel Lange, Rune Erichsen, Trine Frøslev, Buket Öztürk Esen, Henrik Toft Sørensen, Michael D Kappelman. Early-Life Exposure to Antibiotics and Risk for Crohn’s Disease: A Nationwide Danish Birth Cohort Study. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 2022; 28(3) doi: 10.1093/ibd/izab085
76
Svend T Rietdijk, Geert R D’Haens. Vedolizumab for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology 2014; 7(4) doi: 10.1586/17512433.2014.911084
77
Ruma Rajbhandari, Samantha Blakemore, Neil Gupta, Sara Mannan, Klejda Nikolli, Alison Yih, Laura Drown, Gene Bukhman. Crohn’s Disease Among the Poorest Billion: Burden of Crohn’s Disease in Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 2023; 68(4) doi: 10.1007/s10620-022-07675-6
78
Caterina Strisciuglio, Francesca Giugliano, Massimo Martinelli, Sabrina Cenni, Luigi Greco, Annamaria Staiano, Erasmo Miele. Impact of Environmental and Familial Factors in a Cohort of Pediatric Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 2017; 64(4) doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000001297
79
Maria Laura Santoru, Cristina Piras, Antonio Murgia, Vanessa Palmas, Tania Camboni, Sonia Liggi, Ivan Ibba, Maria Antonia Lai, Sandro Orrù, Sylvain Blois, Anna Lisa Loizedda, Julian Leether Griffin, Paolo Usai, Pierluigi Caboni, Luigi Atzori, Aldo Manzin. Cross sectional evaluation of the gut-microbiome metabolome axis in an Italian cohort of IBD patients. Scientific Reports 2017; 7(1) doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-10034-5
80
Alexander Vaiserman, Alexander Koliada, Oleh Lushchak. Developmental programming of aging trajectory. Ageing Research Reviews 2018; 47 doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.07.007
81
Ekram W. Abd El-Wahab, Ebtessam I. Youssef, Ehab Hassouna. Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: a single-centre, prospective, observational study in Egypt. BMJ Open 2022; 12(5) doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057214
82
Norah Anita Schwartz, David Pepper. Childhood Asthma, Air Quality, and Social Suffering Among Mexican Americans in California's San Joaquin Valley: “Nobody Talks to Us Here”. Medical Anthropology 2009; 28(4) doi: 10.1080/01459740903303944
83
Graham A. W. Rook. Primates, Pathogens, and Evolution. 2013;  doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-7181-3_11
84
Henrik Olstrup, Hani A. S. Mohamed, Julie Honoré, Jörg Schullehner, Torben Sigsgaard, Bertil Forsberg, Anna Oudin. Air pollution exposure and inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic literature review of epidemiological and mechanistic studies. Frontiers in Environmental Health 2024; 3 doi: 10.3389/fenvh.2024.1463016
85
. 2017;  doi: 10.70675/f94a3540zfcb5z4b66zb175zde59b39e41c4
86
Gordon S Howarth. Inflammatory bowel disease, a dysregulated host‐microbiota interaction: Are probiotics a new therapeutic option?. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2008; 23(12) doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2008.05685.x
87
Fergus Shanahan, Charles N Bernstein. The evolving epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 2009; 25(4) doi: 10.1097/MOG.0b013e32832b12ef
88
Kleoniki Roka, Aikaterini Roubani, Kalliopi Stefanaki, Ioanna Panayotou, Eleftheria Roma, Giorgos Chouliaras. The Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Gastritis in Newly Diagnosed Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Helicobacter 2014; 19(5) doi: 10.1111/hel.12141
89
Beverly R. E. A. Dixon, Rafat Hossain, Rachna V. Patel, Holly M. Scott Algood, Anthony T. Maurelli. Th17 Cells in Helicobacter pylori Infection: a Dichotomy of Help and Harm. Infection and Immunity 2019; 87(11) doi: 10.1128/IAI.00363-19
90
E Raz. Mucosal immunity: aliment and ailments. Mucosal Immunology 2010; 3(1) doi: 10.1038/mi.2009.123
91
Tim R A van den Heuvel, Steven F G Jeuring, Maurice P Zeegers, Dorien H E van Dongen, Anouk Wolters, Ad A M Masclee, Wim H Hameeteman, Marielle J L Romberg-Camps, Liekele E Oostenbrug, Marieke J Pierik, Daisy M Jonkers. A 20-Year Temporal Change Analysis in Incidence, Presenting Phenotype and Mortality, in the Dutch IBDSL Cohort—Can Diagnostic Factors Explain the Increase in IBD Incidence?. Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 2017; 11(10) doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx055
92
Mohammad Amin Shahrbaf, Moustapha Hassan, Massoud Vosough. COVID-19 and hygiene hypothesis: increment of the inflammatory bowel diseases in next generation?. Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 2022; 16(1) doi: 10.1080/17474124.2022.2020647
93
Linlin Yang, Veronika Weaver, Jill P Smith, Sandra Bingaman, Terryl J Hartman, Margherita T Cantorna. Therapeutic Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation in a Pilot Study of Crohn's Patients. Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology 2013; 4(4) doi: 10.1038/ctg.2013.1
94
Reyes Gamez-Belmonte, Lena Erkert, Stefan Wirtz, Christoph Becker. The Regulation of Intestinal Inflammation and Cancer Development by Type 2 Immune Responses. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020; 21(24) doi: 10.3390/ijms21249772
95
Angelina Di Re, Yi Liang, Martijn Pieter Gosselink, Grahame Ctercteko. Acute Gastroenteritis in the Etiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Crohn's & Colitis 360 2021; 3(4) doi: 10.1093/crocol/otab065
96
Jamie J. Kopper, Chelsea Iennarella-Servantez, Albert E. Jergens, Dipak K. Sahoo, Emilie Guillot, Agnes Bourgois-Mochel, Marilyn N. Martinez, Karin Allenspach, Jonathan P. Mochel. Harnessing the Biology of Canine Intestinal Organoids to Heighten Understanding of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pathogenesis and Accelerate Drug Discovery: A One Health Approach. Frontiers in Toxicology 2021; 3 doi: 10.3389/ftox.2021.773953
97
Shenghong Zhang, Bihui Zhong, Kang Chao, Yingliang Xiao, Yi Cui, Xiang Gao, Baili Chen, Yao He, Pinjin Hu, Minhu Chen, Hazel M. Mitchell. Role of Helicobacter Species in Chinese Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2011; 49(5) doi: 10.1128/JCM.02630-10
98
Graham A. W. Rook. Immunity to Parasitic Infection. 2012;  doi: 10.1002/9781118393321.ch23
99
Pamela Schnupf, Philippe J. Sansonetti. Bacterial Virulence. 2010;  doi: 10.1002/9783527629664.ch9
100
Janice J. Kim, Waliul I. Khan. 5-HT7 receptor signaling: improved therapeutic strategy in gut disorders. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 2014; 8 doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00396
101
Sunil Kumar, Awanish Kumar. Microbial pathogenesis in inflammatory bowel diseases. Microbial Pathogenesis 2022; 163 doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105383
102
Yi-Sheng He, Man Ge, Yi-Qing Xu, Zhao-Xing Gao, Tian He, Peng Zhang, Sha-Sha Tao, Peng Wang, Zhu Chen, Hai-Feng Pan. Associations between blue space exposure and rheumatoid arthritis: The modifying effect of genetic susceptibility and air pollutants. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2024; 287 doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117346
103
Siew C Ng, Charles N Bernstein, Morten H Vatn, Peter Laszlo Lakatos, Edward V Loftus, Curt Tysk, Colm O'Morain, Bjorn Moum, Jean-Frédéric Colombel. Geographical variability and environmental risk factors in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 2013; 62(4) doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-303661
104
Katherine Wander, Kathleen O'Connor, Bettina Shell-Duncan, Lionel G. Filion. Expanding the Hygiene Hypothesis: Early Exposure to Infectious Agents Predicts Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity to Candida among Children in Kilimanjaro. PLoS ONE 2012; 7(5) doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037406
105
Ayesha Shah, Marjorie Walker, Daniel Burger, Neal Martin, Moritz von Wulffen, Natasha Koloski, Mike Jones, Nicholas J. Talley, Gerald J. Holtmann. Link Between Celiac Disease and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 2019; 53(7) doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001033
106
Rachel S. Fitzgerald, Ian R. Sanderson, Marcus J. Claesson. Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease and its Relationship with the Microbiome. Microbial Ecology 2021; 82(4) doi: 10.1007/s00248-021-01697-9
107
Yichen Wang, Chun-Wei Pan, Yuting Huang, Xin Zheng, Si Li, Mingyue He, Jana G Hashash, Francis A Farraye, Adam C Ehrlich. Global Epidemiology and Geographic Variations of Pediatric-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990 to 2019. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 2025; 31(2) doi: 10.1093/ibd/izae093
108
Johan Van Limbergen, Graham Radford-Smith, Jack Satsangi. Advances in IBD genetics. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology 2014; 11(6) doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2014.27
109
Margherita T. Cantorna, Danny Bruce. Vitamin D. 2018;  doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-809963-6.00108-5
110
Sanchez Preethi Eugene, Vadde Sudhakar Reddy, Jamma Trinath. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Intestinal Inflammation: A Perilous Union. Frontiers in Immunology 2020; 11 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.543022
111
Nidah S. Khakoo, Ashley H. Beecham, Jiangnan Lyu, Maria A. Quintero, Lissette Gomez, Maria T. Abreu, Amar R. Deshpande, David H. Kerman, Jacob L. McCauley, Siobhan Proksell, Oriana M. Damas. Early Life and Childhood Environmental Exposures, More Than Genetic Predisposition, Influence Age of Diagnosis in a Diverse Cohort of 2952 Patients With IBD. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2024; 22(7) doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2024.01.020
112
Viswanath Kiron, Purushothaman Kathiresan, Jorge M.O. Fernandes, Mette Sørensen, Ghana K. Vasanth, Qingsong Lin, Qifeng Lin, Teck Kwang Lim, Dalia Dahle, Jorge Dias, Viviane Verlhac Trichet. Clues from the intestinal mucus proteome of Atlantic salmon to counter inflammation. Journal of Proteomics 2022; 255 doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104487
113
Alistair Noble, Lydia Durant, Lesley Hoyles, Anne L Mccartney, Ripple Man, Jonathan Segal, Samuel P Costello, Philip Hendy, Durga Reddi, Sonia Bouri, Dennis N F Lim, Toby Pring, Matthew J O’Connor, Pooja Datt, Ana Wilson, Naila Arebi, Ayesha Akbar, Ailsa L Hart, Simon R Carding, Stella C Knight. Deficient Resident Memory T Cell and CD8 T Cell Response to Commensals in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 2020; 14(4) doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz175
114
Yukihiro Furusawa, Yuuki Obata, Koji Hase. Commensal microbiota regulates T cell fate decision in the gut. Seminars in Immunopathology 2015; 37(1) doi: 10.1007/s00281-014-0455-3
115
Graham A. W. Rook, Angus Dalgleish. Infection, immunoregulation, and cancer. Immunological Reviews 2011; 240(1) doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2010.00987.x
116
Pengkui Xia, Tao Hou, Hong Jin, Yaqi Meng, Jing Li, Fuchao Zhan, Fang Geng, Bin Li. A critical review on inflammatory bowel diseases risk factors, dietary nutrients regulation and protective pathways based on gut microbiota during recent 5 years. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 2024; 64(24) doi: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2204147
117
Fabiana Castiglione, Maria Diaferia, Fabrizio Morace, Orazio Labianca, Costantino Meucci, Antonio Cuomo, Antonio Panarese, Marco Romano, Italo Sorrentini, Caterina D'Onofrio, Nicola Caporaso, Antonio Rispo. Risk factors for inflammatory bowel diseases according to the “hygiene hypothesis”: A case–control, multi-centre, prospective study in Southern Italy. Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 2012; 6(3) doi: 10.1016/j.crohns.2011.09.003
118
Bayan Missaghi, Herman Barkema, Karen Madsen, Subrata Ghosh. Perturbation of the Human Microbiome as a Contributor to Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Pathogens 2014; 3(3) doi: 10.3390/pathogens3030510
119
Ivan Kushkevych, Kristýna Martínková, Monika Vítězová, Simon K.-M. R. Rittmann. Intestinal Microbiota and Perspectives of the Use of Meta-Analysis for Comparison of Ulcerative Colitis Studies. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2021; 10(3) doi: 10.3390/jcm10030462
120
Alessandro Armuzzi, Aurora Bortoli, Fabiana Castiglione, Antonella Contaldo, Marco Daperno, Renata D'Incà, Nunzia Labarile, Silvia Mazzuoli, Sara Onali, Monica Milla, Ambrogio Orlando, Mariabeatrice Principi, Daniela Pugliese, Sara Renna, Fernando Rizzello, Maria Lia Scribano, Alessia Todeschini. Female reproductive health and inflammatory bowel disease: A practice-based review. Digestive and Liver Disease 2022; 54(1) doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2021.05.020
121
Lidan Linda Zhong, Wai Ching Lam, Hei Lam Helena Cheung, Aiping Lyu. Allergic and Immunologic Diseases. 2022;  doi: 10.1016/B978-0-323-95061-9.00047-3
122
Graham A. W. Rook. Hygiene Hypothesis and Autoimmune Diseases. Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology 2012; 42(1) doi: 10.1007/s12016-011-8285-8
123
Michael J. Doenhoff, Marwa El-Faham, Susan Liddell, Heidi R. Fuller, Ronald G. Stanley, Gabriele Schramm, Joseph E. Igetei, Luciana C. C. Leite. Cross-Reactivity between Schistosoma mansoni Antigens and the Latex Allergen Hev b 7: Putative Implication of Cross-Reactive Carbohydrate Determinants (CCDs). PLOS ONE 2016; 11(7) doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159542
124
Maitham A. Khajah, Sanaa Hawai. Effect of minocycline, methyl prednisolone, or combination treatment on the colonic bacterial population in a state of colonic inflammation using the murine dextran sulfate sodium model. Microbial Cell Factories 2023; 22(1) doi: 10.1186/s12934-023-02242-8
125
Valéria Cristina Loureiro Salgado, Ronir Raggio Luiz, Neio Boechat, Bianca C Schorr, Isabella S Leão, Tiago Nunes, Cyrla Zaltman. Crohn’s disease environmental factors in the developing world: A case-control study in a statewide catchment area in Brazil. World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017; 23(30): 5549-5556 doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i30.5549
126
Qin Xiaofa. May artificial sweeteners not sugar be the culprit of dramatic increase of inflammatory bowel disease in China?. Chinese Medical Journal 2014; 127(17) doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20140673
127
. 2020;  doi: 10.70675/92102dfez11caz4732zad57z20a2f16673e1
128
Zishao Tao, Li Li, Ying Zhang, Yufang Tang, Simeng Zhang, Heying Yang, Guorong Jiang, Rui Zhang, Zhiwei Wu, Miao He. The role of the tuft cell–interleukin-25 axis in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Frontiers in Immunology 2025; 16 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1629060
129
Annie Guo, Malin Östensson, Ketil Størdal, Johnny Ludvigsson, Karl Mårild. Early-Life Hygiene-Related Factors and Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Scandinavian Birth Cohort Study. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 2024; 30(10) doi: 10.1093/ibd/izad257
130
J Ochoa-Repáraz, D W Mielcarz, Y Wang, S Begum-Haque, S Dasgupta, D L Kasper, L H Kasper. A polysaccharide from the human commensal Bacteroides fragilis protects against CNS demyelinating disease. Mucosal Immunology 2010; 3(5) doi: 10.1038/mi.2010.29
131
Jay Luther, Maneesh Dave, Peter D.R. Higgins, John Y. Kao. Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 2010; 16(6) doi: 10.1002/ibd.21116
132
Hsiang-Wei Fan, Ho Yin Pekkle Lam. Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigen and its key proteins differentially affect dextran sodium sulphate-induced inflammatory bowel disease. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 2026; 121 doi: 10.1590/0074-02760250243
133
Joannie Ruel, Darren Ruane, Saurabh Mehandru, Corinne Gower-Rousseau, Jean-Frédéric Colombel. IBD across the age spectrum—is it the same disease?. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology 2014; 11(2) doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2013.240
134
Y. Xun, F. Yan, H. Zhu, L. Feng, D. Zhang, Y. Xue, F. He, S. Wang. Oral administration of Lactobacillus paracasei N1115 on neonatal mice prevents the intestinal inflammation in adulthood. Letters in Applied Microbiology 2022; 75(2) doi: 10.1111/lam.13729
135
Lynne V McFarland. State-of-the-art of irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease research in 2008. World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008; 14(17): 2625-2629 doi: 10.3748/wjg.14.2625
136
Mariëlle J.L. Romberg-Camps, Martine A.M. Hesselink-van de Kruijs, Leo J. Schouten, Pieter C. Dagnelie, Charles B. Limonard, Arnold D.M. Kester, Laurens P. Bos, Jelle Goedhard, Wim H.A. Hameeteman, Frank L. Wolters, Maurice G.V.M. Russel, Reinhold W. Stockbrügger. Inflammatory Bowel Disease in South Limburg (the Netherlands) 1991–2002: Incidence, diagnostic delay, and seasonal variations in onset of symptoms. Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 2009; 3(2) doi: 10.1016/j.crohns.2008.12.002
137
Junkun Niu, Jiarong Miao, Yuan Tang, Qiong Nan, Yan Liu, Gang Yang, Xiangqian Dong, Qi Huang, Shuxian Xia, Kunhua Wang, Yinglei Miao, John Green. Identification of Environmental Factors Associated with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a Southwestern Highland Region of China: A Nested Case-Control Study. PLOS ONE 2016; 11(4) doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153524
138
Chantal Villeneuve, Henry H. Kou, Henrik Eckermann, Antara Palkar, Lauren G. Anderson, Erin A. McKenney, R. Randal Bollinger, William Parker. Evolution of the hygiene hypothesis into biota alteration theory: what are the paradigms and where are the clinical applications?. Microbes and Infection 2018; 20(3) doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2017.11.001
139
Bas P. M. Verhaegh, Marieke J. Pierik, Danny Goudkade, Yvette S. M. T. Cuijpers, Ad A. M. Masclee, Daisy M. A. E. Jonkers. Early Life Exposure, Lifestyle, and Comorbidity as Risk Factors for Microscopic Colitis. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 2017; 23(6) doi: 10.1097/MIB.0000000000001103
140
Shraddha Jatwani, Bharat Malhotra, Teresa Crout, Vikas Majithia. Infections and the Rheumatic Diseases. 2019;  doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-23311-2_37
141
·玉山江 唐努尔. The Latest Progress in Evaluating the Severity and Prognosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Advances in Clinical Medicine 2023; 13(12) doi: 10.12677/ACM.2023.13122813
142
Debora Garza-Hernandez, Karol Estrada, Victor Trevino. Multivariate genome-wide association study models to improve prediction of Crohn’s disease risk and identification of potential novel variants. Computers in Biology and Medicine 2022; 145 doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105398
143
Jildou van der Werf, Nicholas Ian Fleming. Are single nucleotide polymorphisms underutilized for guiding treatment of inflammatory bowel disease?. Immunology & Cell Biology 2025; 103(6) doi: 10.1111/imcb.70029
144
Giuseppe Murdaca, Monica Greco, Matteo Borro, Sebastiano Gangemi. Hygiene hypothesis and autoimmune diseases: A narrative review of clinical evidences and mechanisms. Autoimmunity Reviews 2021; 20(7) doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102845
145
Danny Bruce, Margherita T. Cantorna. Vitamin D. 2011;  doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-381978-9.10096-4
146
Omar AbdelGhani, Sherreen Elhariri, Payal Bhatnagar, Htar Htar Aung, Mohamed Abdel Wahab, Nabil Eid. Appendix in ulcerative colitis pathogenesis and therapy: An updated narrative review. World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2026; 17(2): 122072 doi: 10.4291/wjgp.v17.i2.122072
147
Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan, Emily L. McGinley, David G. Binion, Kia Saeian. Ambient air pollution correlates with hospitalizations for inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 2011; 17(5) doi: 10.1002/ibd.21455
148
G. R. Bikbavova, M. A. Livzan, V. I. Sovalkin, D. V. Turchaninov, O. E. Lopatina, T. V. Tretyakova, A. P. Ahramovich, T. S. Gordienko. MODERN LIFESTYLE AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ULCERATIVE COLITIS INCIDENCE. The Russian Archives of Internal Medicine 2019; 9(3) doi: 10.20514/2226-6704-2019-9-3-188-193
149
Morten H. Vatn. Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis. 2017;  doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-33703-6_1
150
Jonathan Evans. Pediatric Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 2011;  doi: 10.1016/B978-1-4377-0774-8.10033-8
151
Signe Timm, Cecilie Svanes, Christer Janson, Torben Sigsgaard, Ane Johannessen, Thorarinn Gislason, Rain Jogi, Ernst Omenaas, Bertil Forsberg, Kjell Torén, Mathias Holm, Lennart Bråbäck, Vivi Schlünssen. Place of upbringing in early childhood as related to inflammatory bowel diseases in adulthood: a population-based cohort study in Northern Europe. European Journal of Epidemiology 2014; 29(6) doi: 10.1007/s10654-014-9922-3
152
. 2019;  doi: 10.70675/4ac13bd9zbf56z4ff7za4b8zd2904548ff51
153
Edward V. Loftus. GI Epidemiology. 2014;  doi: 10.1002/9781118727072.ch24
154
Luigia De Fazio, Enzo Spisni, Elena Cavazza, Antonio Strillacci, Marco Candela, Manuela Centanni, Chiara Ricci, Fernando Rizzello, Massimo Campieri, Maria C. Valerii. Dietary Geraniol by Oral or Enema Administration Strongly Reduces Dysbiosis and Systemic Inflammation in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Treated Mice. Frontiers in Pharmacology 2016; 7 doi: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00038
155
G. A. W. Rook. The gut, immunoregulation and micro-organisms from man's evolutionary past. Nutrition Bulletin 2010; 35(2) doi: 10.1111/j.1467-3010.2010.01823.x
156
Khalid Elkasaby, Mohammed Ezz El Regal, Tarik Barakat, Othman AbouBakr. Assessment of clinical and epidemiological data of inflammatory bowel disease in Egyptian children attending Mansoura University Children Hospital. Alexandria Journal of Pediatrics 2023; 36(1) doi: 10.4103/ajop.ajop_11_23
157
Janice J Kim, Byram W Bridle, Jean-Eric Ghia, Huaqing Wang, Shahzad N Syed, Marcus M Manocha, Palanivel Rengasamy, Mohammad Sharif Shajib, Yonghong Wan, Peter B Hedlund, Waliul I Khan. Targeted Inhibition of Serotonin Type 7 (5-HT7) Receptor Function Modulates Immune Responses and Reduces the Severity of Intestinal Inflammation. The Journal of Immunology 2013; 190(9) doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201887
158
Graham A. W. Rook. The Hygiene Hypothesis and Darwinian Medicine. 2009;  doi: 10.1007/978-3-7643-8903-1_1
159
R. Fiasse, O. Dewit, D. Latinne. L’endémie des helminthiases en Afrique subsaharienne peut-elle expliquer à elle seule la très faible prévalence des maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l’intestin? Impacts sur la santé publique. Journal Africain d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie 2009; 3(2) doi: 10.1007/s12157-009-0077-x
160
T Rokkas, JP Gisbert, Y Niv, C O’Morain. The association between Helicobacter pylori infection and inflammatory bowel disease based on meta‐analysis. United European Gastroenterology Journal 2015; 3(6) doi: 10.1177/2050640615580889
161
Abigail R. Basson, Minh Lam, Fabio Cominelli. Complementary and Alternative Medicine Strategies for Therapeutic Gut Microbiota Modulation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and their Next-Generation Approaches. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America 2017; 46(4) doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2017.08.002
162
Ayesha Shah, Nicholas J. Talley, Marjorie Walker, Natasha Koloski, Mark Morrison, Daniel Burger, Jane M. Andrews, Michael McGuckin, Mike Jones, Gerald Holtmann. Is There a Link Between H. Pylori and the Epidemiology of Crohn’s Disease?. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 2017; 62(9) doi: 10.1007/s10620-017-4496-z
163
Eric Chak, George W. Rutherford, Craig Steinmaus. The Role of Breast‐Feeding in the Prevention ofHelicobacter pyloriInfection: A Systematic Review. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2009; 48(4) doi: 10.1086/596499
164
Morten H. Vatn, Arne K. Sandvik. Inflammatory bowel disease. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 2015; 50(6) doi: 10.3109/00365521.2015.1033000
165
Priyansh Bhayani, Kartik Natarajan, Nayantara Coelho-Prabhu. Rising Incidence of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Asian Subcontinent—An Exploration of Causative Factors. Gastrointestinal Disorders 2024; 6(2) doi: 10.3390/gidisord6020038
166
Sijie Gong, Jianwei Yu, Feiyang Zhong, Pingyu Zhong, Qinfen Lan, Xuejing Zhong. Climate classification, sociodemographic development, and the burden of inflammatory bowel disease in tropical countries. Tropical Medicine and Health 2026; 54(1) doi: 10.1186/s41182-026-01050-1
Copyright © 1993-2026 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA. All rights reserved, including rights relating to text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. For open-access content, the applicable copyright and licensing terms govern.