Applications of artificial intelligence in common pulmonary diseases

Table 1 Example of Conformité Européenne (CE)-marked, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved or FDA-permitted artificial intelligence devices

Pulmonary conditions	AI device/algorithm	Imaging	Brief description
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	Lung density analysis software	Chest CT	Uses three-dimensional segmentation of the lungs, volumetric analysis and density evaluations from CT images to aid in diagnosis and progression of the disease
	LungQ software	Chest CT	Quantitative analysis of lung volume. Airway morphology analysis
Interstitial lung disease	LungPrint Discovery	Chest CT	Lung tissue and airway evaluation. Quantitative analysis using deep learning to detect interstitial lung disease and chronic obstructive lung disease
	Lung Texture Analysis	Chest CT	Transforms a standard chest CT into a detailed map. Lung textures quantification
Pulmonary infection	Icolung	Non-contrast Chest CT	Detects COVID-19 at an early stage and quantify the extent of lung lesions
	InferRead CT pneumonia	Chest CT	Real-time identification. Alerts of suspected pneumonia cases
Lung nodule	Syngo.CT Lung CAD	Multidetector Chest CT	Computer-aid detection tool designed to detect solid pulmonary nodules using convolutional neural network. To be used as the second reader.
	AI-Rad Companion (Pulmonary)	CT DICOM chest	Quantitative and qualitative analysis using deep learning. Segmentation of lung lobes and identification of lesions
	Temporal Comparison software	Chest X-ray	The new image is superimposed on the old image to detect changes in the lung parenchyma.
	ClearRead CT	CT chest	Lung nodule detection asymptomatic population

COVID-19: Coronavirus disease-2019; CT: Computed tomography; DICOM: Digital imaging and communication.