Leveraging artificial intelligence to differentiate benign from malignant biliary strictures: A step toward precision diagnosis

doi:10.35712/aig.118476

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Artificial Intelligence in Gastroenterology

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2644-3236

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

Artif Intell Gastroenterol. Aug 8, 2026; 7(2): 118476
Published online Aug 8, 2026. doi: 10.35712/aig.118476

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Figure 1 Flow chart of the literature search.

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Figure 2 Artificial intelligence frameworks for indeterminate pancreatobiliary stricture diagnosis. CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; CNN: Convolutional neural network; EUS: Endoscopic ultrasound; MRCP: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography.

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Figure 3 Artificial intelligence assisted pre-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography risk stratification based on discriminative performance. AI: Artificial intelligence; AUROC: Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; MRCP: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography; EUS: Endoscopic ultrasound; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; D-SOC: Digital single-operator cholangioscopy; FNB: Fine needle biopsy.

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Figure 4 Endoscopic ultrasound precision cascade. AI: Artificial intelligence; CNN: Convolutional neural network; D-SOC: Digital single operator cholangioscopy; EUS: Endoscopic ultrasound; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

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Figure 5 Artificial intelligence-driven precision diagnostic cascade for biliary strictures. AI: Artificial intelligence; AUROC: Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; MRCP: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; D-SOC: Digital single-operator cholangioscopy; EUS: Endoscopic ultrasound; FNB: Fine needle biopsy.

Citation: Majeed AA, Butt AS. Leveraging artificial intelligence to differentiate benign from malignant biliary strictures: A step toward precision diagnosis. Artif Intell Gastroenterol 2026; 7(2): 118476
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2644-3236/full/v7/i2/118476.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.35712/aig.118476

Majeed AA, Butt AS. Leveraging artificial intelligence to differentiate benign from malignant biliary strictures: A step toward precision diagnosis. Artif Intell Gastroenterol 2026; 7(2): 118476 [DOI: 10.35712/aig.118476]

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