Copyright
©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Meta-Anal. Apr 28, 2021; 9(2): 153-163
Published online Apr 28, 2021. doi: 10.13105/wjma.v9.i2.153
Published online Apr 28, 2021. doi: 10.13105/wjma.v9.i2.153
No. | Ref. | Major finding |
1 | Perng et al[36], 2020 | BCAA levels and products of BCAA catabolism were higher in males than females with comparable BMI z-score; In multivariate analyses, HOMA-IR in males correlated positively with BMI z-score and a metabolic signature containing BCAA, uric acid, and long-chain acylcarnitines and negatively with byproducts of complete fatty acid oxidation |
2 | Hosking et al[14], 2019 | In longitudinal analysis, IR was associated with reduced concentrations of BCAA, 2-ketobutyrate, citrate and 3-hydroxybutyrate, and higher concentrations of lactate and alanine |
3 | Suzuki et al[44], 2019 | HOMA-IR was positively correlated with valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, methionine, threonine, lysine, alanine, tyrosine, glutamate, proline, arginine, ornithine, total free amino acids and aspartate; Blood uric acid levels were positively correlated with leucine and glutamate, and negatively correlated with serine, glycine, and asparagine |
4 | Perng et al[34], 2018 | BCAA and androgen hormone metabolite patterns are related to changes in metabolic parameters in a sex-specific manner during early adolescence |
5 | Xia et al[37], 2018 | Disrupted arginine and proline metabolism associated with phthalate exposure might contribute to the development of overweight and obesity in school-age children |
6 | Moran-Ramos et al[38], 2017 | Principal component analysis showed a serum amino acid signature composed of arginine, leucine/isoleucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, valine and proline significantly associated with obesity and serum triglycerides |
7 | Goffredo et al[39], 2017 | A branched-chain amino acid-related metabolic signature characterizes obese adolescents with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease |
8 | Hellmuth et al[40], 2016 | Tyrosine alterations in association with insulin resistance precede alteration in BCAA metabolism |
9 | Mastrangelo et al[43], 2016 | The majority of metabolites differing between groups were lysophospholipids (15) and amino acids (17), indicating inflammation and central carbon metabolism as the most altered processes in impaired insulin signaling |
10 | Lee et al[41], 2015 | Obese children presented significantly higher levels of BCAAs and several acylcarnitines and lower levels of acyl-alkyl phosphatidylcholines; Baseline BCAAs were significantly positively correlated with both HOMA-IR and continuous metabolic risk score at the 2-year follow-up |
11 | Butte et al[42], 2015 | BCAAs and their catabolites, propionylcarnitine and butyrylcarnitine, were significantly elevated in obese children; Lower lysolipids and dicarboxylated fatty acids were seen in obese children; Steroid derivatives were markedly higher in obese children, as were markers of inflammation and oxidative stress |
12 | Perng W et al[33], 2014 | BCAA and androgen metabolites were associated with adiposity and cardiometabolic risk during mid-childhood |
13 | Newbern et al[35], 2014 | BCAA levels and byproducts of BCAA catabolism are higher in obese teenage boys than girls of comparable BMI z-score; A metabolic signature comprising BCAA and uric acid correlates positively with HOMA-IR in males and TG to HDL ratio in females and inversely with adiponectin in males but not females |
Amino acid | 6 mo 50th (10th-90th) quantile value | 2 yr 50th (10th-90th) quantile value | 6 yr 50th (10th-90th) quantile value | 16 yr 50th (10th-90th) quantile value |
Alanine | 248 (182-396) | 229 (173-349) | 234 (182-319) | 370 (240-482) |
Arginine | 72 (43-120) | 70 (46-90) | 76 (50-99) | 96 (68-128) |
Asparagine | 41 (31-56) | 38 (29-56) | 42 (31-67) | 55 (37-81) |
Aspartic acid | 7 (4-18) | 6 (3-8) | 4 (3-6) | 4 (2-5) |
Citrulline | 26 (14-32) | 28 (17-35) | 30 (23-37) | 30 (23-39) |
Cystine | 38 (21-53) | 41 (27-52) | 44 (33-54) | 48 (36-61) |
Glutamic acid | 56 (31-113) | 52 (25-81) | 39 (13-65) | 25 (11-46) |
Glutamine | 583 (474-737) | 580 (473-692) | 604 (493-724) | 680 (551-797) |
Glycine | 207 (138-276) | 207 (138-276) | 213 (144-282) | 252 (183-322) |
Histidine | 76 (61-91) | 76 (61-91) | 78 (63-93) | 92 (77-107) |
Isoleucine | 53 (39-76) | 55 (4-78) | 54 (40-69) | 60 (47-74) |
Leucine | 115 (77-153) | 111 (79-147) | 110 (86-136) | 128 (101-159) |
Lysine | 129 (87-171) | 130 (88-172) | 139 (96-181) | 200 (157-242) |
Methionine | 55 (25-103) | 19 (13-22) | 20 (14-25) | 26 (20-34) |
Ornithine | 53 (38-78) | 35 (24-60) | 37 (25-50) | 47 (37-62) |
Phenylalanine | 52 (38-78) | 49 (39-65) | 49 (40-61) | 57 (47-74) |
Proline | 93 (151-265) | 128 (93-220) | 127 (93-201) | 184 (113-271) |
Serine | 126 (98-160) | 121 (97-154) | 118 (96-155) | 130 (101-177) |
Taurine | 59 (39-111) | 55 (39-80) | 53 (41-69) | 53 (41-66) |
Threonine | 102 (61-162) | 91 (61-115) | 94 (65-125) | 131 (104-188) |
Tryptophan | 54 (34-73) | 54 (35-73) | 56 (37-76) | 74 (54-87) |
Tyrosine | 60 (43-108) | 55 (40-77) | 55 (39-65) | 65 (46-87) |
Valine | 196 (135-260) | 199 (147-255) | 199 (165-234) | 233 (178-275) |
Group | Insulin | Glucose/insulin | HOMA-IR |
Prepubertal | |||
≤ 7.5 yr | 2.9 (1.6-10.9) | 29 (12-50) | 0.6 (0.3-1.4) |
> 7.5 yr | 5 (1.7-9.6) | 20 (10-47) | 1.1 (0.3-2.0) |
Pubertal | |||
Girls | 6.7 (1.8-16.9) | 12 (7.9-44) | 1.6 (0.3-2.6) |
Boys | 7.3 (2.2-12.9) | 16 (8.0-44) | 1.1 (0.3-2.4) |
- Citation: Matsumoto S, Nakamura T, Nagamatsu F, Kido J, Sakamoto R, Nakamura K. Metabolic and biological changes in children with obesity and diabetes. World J Meta-Anal 2021; 9(2): 153-163
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2308-3840/full/v9/i2/153.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.13105/wjma.v9.i2.153