Arthroscopic capsular release and manipulation under anaesthesia for frozen shoulders: A hot topic

Table 1 Advantages and risks of manipulation under anaesthesia and arthroscopic capsular release in the treatment of a frozen shoulder

Advantages	Disadvantages/risks
Manipulation under anaesthesia
Time efficient	Fracture of humeral shaft or neck
Cost efficient	Rotator cuff tearing
Technical easy procedure	Brachial plexus nerve injury
	Labral lesions
	(Osteo)chondral fracture (glenoid rim)
Arthroscopic capsular release
Visually controlled capsular release	Less time and cost efficient compared to MUA
Identification and treatment of associated intra-articular pathology	Can be technically more demanding
No excessive bleeding in the joint	Cartilage damage when introducing the arthroscope
	Axillary nerve injury
	Chondrolysis due to heat generation
	Extravasation of fluid in surrounding tissues
	Infection

MUA: Manipulation under anaesthesia.