Burnout syndrome and anxiety among healthcare workers during global pandemics: An umbrella review

Table 1 The search strategy of the present umbrella review study

Search terms	Results	Database(s)
Anxiety in healthcare professionals pandemic	82	Google Scholar
Burnout in healthcare professionals pandemic	50	Google Scholar
[(healthcare) OR (physician) OR (health personnel)] AND [(burnout) OR (anxiety)] AND (pandemic) NOT (intervention)	44	PubMed Central; MEDLINE
[(healthcare) OR (physician) OR (health personnel)] AND [(burnout) (health personnel)] AND [(burnout) OR (anxiety)] AND (COVID-19)	46	PubMed Central; MEDLINE
NOT (intervention) (burnout syndrome OR anxiety) AND (healthcare workers OR medical professionals) AND (global pandemics OR COVID-19 OR SARS OR MERS)	145	PubMed Central; MEDLINE

COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; SARS: Severe acute respiratory syndrome; MERS: Middle East respiratory syndrome.

Table 2 Summary of articles (n = 24) that included in this umbrella review

Ref.	Database(s) searched	Study design	Studies included	Study population	Study period	Pandemic studied	Mental health outcome(s) measured	Risk of bias (quality) assessment	Burn out prevalence	Anxiety prevalence
Abdulla et al[39], 2021	MEDLINE (PubMed); Cochrane Library; Scopus; Web of Science; Google; Google Scholar; ResearchGate	Systematic review and meta-analysis	23	Multi-professional healthcare workers	Until Feb 2021	COVID-19	Anxiety	Downs and Black checklist	NIL	42.87%
Adibi et al[26], 2021	ISC; Magiran; PubMed; Scopus; Web of Science; Cochrane; ProQuest; Science Direct; Embase; Google Scholar	Systematic Review and Meta-analysis	15	Multi-professional healthcare workers	Jan 2020 to Jun 2020	COVID-19	Anxiety	STROBE checklist	NIL	30.5%
Aymerich et al[12], 2022	Web of Science Core Collection; BIOSIS Citation Index; KCI-Korean Journal Database; MEDLINE; Russian Science Citation Index; SciELO Citation Index; Cochrane Central Register of Reviews; Ovid/PsycINFO	Systematic Review and Meta-analysis	239	Multi-professional healthcare workers	Until Mar 2021	COVID-19	Anxiety; Burnout	NOS	37.0%	42.0%
Busch et al[16], 2021)	PubMed; Web of Science Core Collection; MEDLINE; PsycINFO	Systematic Review and Meta-analysis	86	Multi-professional healthcare workers	Until Oct 2020	SARS, H1N1, Ebola, MERS, COVID-19	Anxiety; Burnout	JBI critical appraisal tool	31.81%	25.36%
Chen et al[30], 2022	CNKI; VIP; WanFang Data; PubMed	Systematic Review and Meta-analysis	30	Multi-professional healthcare workers	Dec 2019 to Apr 2022	COVID-19	Anxiety	Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 11-item checklist	NIL	43.0%
Chigwedere et al[40], 2021	PubMed; PsycInfo; PsycArticles	Systematic Review	76	Multi-professional healthcare workers	Until June 2020	SARS, MERS, Ebola, H1N1, H7N9, COVID-19	Anxiety; Burnout	JBI checklist for cross-sectional studies and cohort studies	NIL	NIL
Ching et al[13], 2021	Medline; Cinahl; PubMed; Scopus databases	Systematic Review and Meta-analysis	148	Multi-professional healthcare workers	Until Mar 2021	COVID-19	Anxiety; Burnout	STROBE checklist	68.3%	39.7%
Dong et al[24], 2021	PubMed; Embase; PsycINFO; Wanfang Data; Chongqing VIP; Sinomed; Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases	Systematic Review and Meta-analysis	22	Multi-professional healthcare workers	Jan 2020 to Oct 2020	COVID-19	Anxiety	Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 11-item checklist	NIL	34.4%
Dutta et al[27], 2021	PubMed/MEDLINE; Cochrane Library; Scopus; PsycINFO	Systematic Review and Meta-analysis	33	Multi-professional healthcare workers	Dec 2019 to Aug 2020	COVID-19	Anxiety	NOS	NIL	32.5%
Galanis et al[14], 2021	PubMed; Scopus; ProQuest; Cochrane COVID-19 registry; CINAHL; pre-print services (medRχiv and PsyArXiv)	Systematic Review and Meta-analysis	6	Nurses	Jan 2020 to Nov 2020	COVID-19	Burnout	JBI critical appraisal tool	Emotional exhaustion: 34.1%; Depersonalisation: 12.6%; Lack of personal accomplishment: 15.2%	NIL
Ghahramani et al[15], 2021	PubMed; Scopus; EMBASE; ScienceDirect Web of Science; Cochrane Library; ProQuest	Systematic Review and Meta-analysis	27	Multi-professional healthcare workers	Until Jan 2021	COVID-19	Burnout	STROBE checklist	52.0%	NIL
Gualano et al[11], 2021	PubMed; Embase; SCOPUS; PsycINFO	Systematic Review	11	Multi-professional healthcare workers	Jan 2020 to Nov 2020	COVID-19	Burnout	AXIS tool	49.3% to 58.0%	NIL
Hao et al[29], 2021	PubMed; EMBASE; Scopus; PsycINFO; Chinese Biomedical Literature Database; China National Knowledge Infrastructure; China Science and Technology Journal Database; Wanfang database	Systematic Review and Meta-analysis	20	Multi-professional healthcare workers	Jan 2020 to Apr 2020	COVID-19	Anxiety	Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 11-item checklist	NIL	28.6%
Hill et al[28], 2022	MEDLINE; Embase; The Cochrane Library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews); PsycINFO	Systematic Review and Meta-analysis	43	Multi-professional healthcare workers	Until Mar 2020	SARS, MERS, COVID-19	Anxiety	Hoy quality assessment checklist	NIL	COVID: 16.1%; SARS: 14.8%; MERS: 5.8%
Koontalay et al[41], 2021	MEDLINE via PubMed; CINAHL Complete; Embase through Ovid; Scopus; Web of Science	Systematic Review	10	Multi-professional healthcare workers	Nov 2020 to Feb 2021	COVID-19	Anxiety; Burnout	CASP Qualitative Research Checklist	NIL	NIL
Marvaldi et al[19], 2021	PubMed; PsycINFO	Systematic Review and Meta-analysis	70	Multi-professional healthcare workers	Until Oct 2020	COVID-19	Anxiety	NIH’s quality assessment tool and Crombie’s items	NIL	30.0%
Pappa et al[18], 2020	MEDLINE; PubMed; Google Scholar databases; Medrxiv; SSRN server	Systematic Review and Meta-analysis	13	Multi-professional healthcare workers	Until Apr 2020	COVID-19	Anxiety	NOS	NIL	23.2%
Salari et al[42], 2020	SID; MagIran; IranMedex; IranDoc; ScienceDirect; Embase; Scopus; PubMed; Web of Science (ISI); Google Scholar	Systematic Review and Meta-analysis	29	Multi-professional healthcare workers	Dec 2019 to Jun 2020	COVID-19	Anxiety	STROBE checklist	NIL	25.8%
Salazar de Pablo et al[17], 2020	Web of Science; grey literature	Systematic Review and Meta-analysis	115	Multi-professional healthcare workers	Jan 2020 to Apr 2020	SARS,MERS,COVID-19	Anxiety; Burnout	Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool(MMAT)	COVID: 25.0%; SARS: 38.2%; Any coronavirus:34.4%	COVID: 22.2%; SARS: 45.7%; Any coronavirus: 29.0%
Saragih et al[20], 2021	PubMed; Academic Search Complete; CINAHL; Web of Science; MEDLINE Complete; SocINDEX	Systematic Review and Meta-analysis	38	Multi-professional healthcare workers	Dec 2019 to Nov 2020	COVID-19	Anxiety	JBI tool for cross-sectional studies and the 10-questions of JBI tool for case–control studies	NIL	40.0%
Ślusarska et al, 2022[25]	PubMed; Web of Science; SCOPUS	Systematic Review and Meta-analysis	23	Nurses	Mar 2020 to Feb 2021	COVID-19	Anxiety	Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 11-item checklist	NIL	29.0%
Sun et al[22], 2021	PUBMED; EMBASE; WEBOF SCIENCE	Systematic Review and Meta-analysis	47	Multi-professional healthcare workers	Nov 2019 to Sep 2020	COVID-19	Anxiety	Modified NOS	NIL	38.0%
Xiong et al[21], 2022	Medline; PsycINFO; EMBASE; the Cochrane Library (including Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews); Sinomed; CNKI, WanFang data; Medrxiv; SSRN servers; Google Scholar; daily updated WHO COVID-19database	Systematic Review and Meta-analysis	44	Multi-professional healthcare workers	Until Jun 2020	COVID-19	Anxiety	Modified NOS	NIL	17.0%
Zhang et al[23], 2021	PubMed; Embase; the Cochrane Library; E. B. Stephens Company data- base; Web of Science; ALOIS; PsycINFO; Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature database (CINAHL); ClinicalTrials.gov; Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI); Sinomed; Wanfang Data; Chongqing VIP database	Systematic Review and Meta-analysis	26	Multi-professional healthcare workers	Jan 2020 to May 2020	COVID-19	Anxiety	Quality	NIL	27.0%

COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; SARS: Severe acute respiratory syndrome; MERS: Middle East respiratory syndrome; NOS: Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.