Post-transplant malignancy: Focusing on virus-associated etiologies, pathogenesis, evidence-based management algorithms, present status of adoptive immunotherapy and future directions

Figure 1 Cancer immunoediting and influence of immunosuppression after transplantation. +: Promote; –: Inhibit; MDI: Multidrug immunosuppression; MHC: Major histocompatibility complex; NK: Natural killer cell; NKR: Natural killer cell receptor; SOT: Solid organ transplant.

Figure 2 Summary of etiology of increased cancer incidence after transplantation. SOT: Solid organ transplant; UV: Ultraviolet.

Figure 3 Technique of adoptive immunotherapy (steps, isolation and types of virus-specific T cells). AdV: Adenovirus; APC: Antigen presenting cells; CMV: Cytomegalovirus; DC: Dendritic cells; EBV: Epstein–Barr virus; HLA: Human leukocyte antigen; LCL: Lymphoblastoid cell lines; VSTs: Virus-specific T cells.