Oncogenic role of leptin and Notch interleukin-1 leptin crosstalk outcome in cancer

Table 1 Expression of Notch, interleukin-1 and leptin crosstalk outcome components in African American and Chinese women suffering from endometrial cancer

	Endometrial cancer
	African American women			Chinese women
	Type I (n = 12)	Type II (n = 17)		Type I (n = 97)	Type II (n = 23)
NILCO IHC	H SCORE	H SCORE	P value	H SCORE	H SCORE	P value
Notch1	1.19	1.80	< 0.01	1.00	1.78	< 0.01
Notch2	1.10	1.30	0.05	1.00	1.15	> 0.05
Notch3	1.15	1.45	> 0.05	1.10	1.20	> 0.05
Notch4	1.50	1.96	< 0.01	1.10	1.58	< 0.05
JAG1	1.36	2.20	< 0.01	1.30	1.87	< 0.01
DLL4	1.80	2.49	< 0.01	1.31	1.80	< 0.01
Survivin	1.20	1.96	< 0.01	1.17	1.60	< 0.01
OB-R	1.60	1.73	< 0.01	1.10	1.50	< 0.05
IL-1R tI	1.28	2.00	< 0.01	1.40	1.73	< 0.05
Hey2	1.14	1.45	< 0.01	1.07	1.30	< 0.05
WB	Protein expression	Protein expression	P value
Notch1	48	58	< 0.05
Notch2	38	36	> 0.05
Notch3	48	44	> 0.05
Notch4	44	98	< 0.01
JAG1	140	172	< 0.05
DLL4	40	115	< 0.01
Survivin	131	230	< 0.05
OB-R	25	70	< 0.01
IL-1R tI	59	109	< 0.05
Hey2	46	100	< 0.01
qPCR	mRNA expression	mRNA expression	P value
Notch1	1.00	1.30	< 0.01
Notch3	0.45	0.80	< 0.05
Notch4	0.80	1.40	< 0.01
JAG1	0.05	0.52	< 0.01
DLL4	1.10	1.50	< 0.01
Survivin	0.48	0.51	< 0.05
OB-R	0.45	0.65	> 0.05
IL-1R tI	0.82	1.56	< 0.01
Hey2	0.03	0.62	< 0.01

NILCO: Notch, interleukin-1 and leptin crosstalk outcome; IHC: immunohistochemistry; H SCORE[32]: Semi-quantitative value calculated for each antigen as determined by the following equation H SCORE = ∑pi(i + 1); WB: Western blot; qPCR: Real-time polymerase chain reaction; Notch1-4: Transmembrane receptors; JAG1: Jagged 1; DLL4: Delta like-4 protein, and Notch ligand; Survivin: An anti-apoptotic factor and Notch target; OB-R: Leptin receptor; IL-1R tI: Interleukin 1 receptor type I; Hey2: Hes-related family BHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif 2 and Notch ligand.

Table 2 Leptin signaling impacts on pancreatic cancer progression

Treatments	Human pancreatic cancer cell lines
	BxPC-3 less aggressive				MiaPaCa-2 more aggressive		Panc-1 more aggressive
	Control	Leptin	Leptin + CT	Leptin+ CT + LI	Control	Leptin	Control	Leptin	CT	Leptin + CT	Leptin + CT + LI
Proliferation (%)	100	2122			100	1202	100	1302
Survival1 (%)	100	100	632	552			100	100	352	412	362
PCSC (%)	100	130-140			100	120-130
Notch1	100	1702			100	NC
Notch2	100	1472			100	75
Notch3 (%)	100	NC			100	NC
Notch4	100	71			100	1462
Tumorsphere formation (%)	100	1972			100	1842	100	2212

¹Cell survival was determined by flow cytometry and MTT assays in media containing 10% fetal bovine serum (BxPC-3) or serum free medium containing leptin (Panc-1);

²Statistically significant (P < 0.05) vs control. CT: Chemotherapy, LI: Leptin inhibitor 90; PCSC: Pancreatic cancer stem cell markers; NC: No change.