Future of inflammatory bowel disease treatment: A review of novel treatments beyond guidelines

Table 1 Distinction between biologics vs small molecules in inflammatory bowel disease

Feature	Biologics	Small molecules
Route of administration	IV-Subcutaneous	Oral
Risk of immunogenicity	High	Low
Onset of action	Moderate to slow	Fast
Long-term safety	Documented	Low data
Cost	Variable	High
Combination use	Immunomodulators	Biologics (some)

Table 2 Summary of clinical trials in inflammatory bowel disease treatment[17,18,21]

Trial name	Intervention	Disease	Ref.
UNITI 1-2	Ustekinumab	Crohn’s disease
GEMINI 1-2	Vedolizumab	UC/Crohn’s	[19,20]
SEAVUE	Ustekinumab vs Adalimumab	Moderate-severe Crohn’s
VARSITY	Vedolizumab vs Adalimumab	UC

UC: Ulcerative colitis.