Immunohistochemical expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and 13 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and their role in predicting lymph node metastasis

Table 1 Staining intensity and grading of matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression

Grade	Interpretation
0	No positivity
Mild	Up to 10% of positive tumor cells
Moderate	11%-50% of positive tumor cells
Intense	Above 50% of positive tumor cells

Table 2 Staining and grading of matrix metalloproteinase-13

Grade	Interpretation
0	No staining of the tumor or stromal cells
1+	Mildly (< 50%) positive staining of the tumor cells and/or weak staining of stromal cells
2+	Moderately (> 50%) positive staining of the tumor cells and/or moderate staining of stromal cells
3+	Intense staining of the tumor cells and/or strong staining of stromal cells. No normal epithelial cells were stained

Table 3 Gender frequency distribution of cases

	Male	Female	Total
Cases	25	15	40

Table 4 Site distribution of cases

Site	No of cases	Percentage
Buccal mucosa	20	50
Buccal vestibule	01	2.5
Tongue	16	40
Hard palate	03	7.5
Total	40	100.0

Table 5 Bryne’s histological grading of oral squamous cell carcinoma cases

Grade	No of cases	Percentage
I	12	30.0
II	25	62.5
III	3	7.5
Total	40	100.0

Table 6 Comparison of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression

Metastasis	MMP-9			MMP-13			Intense
	Mild	Moderate	Intense	Nil	Mild	Moderate
Absent	1	5	12	2	2	6	8
	5.6%	27.8%	66.7%	11.1%	11.1%	33.3%	44.4%
Present	0	6	16	1	7	5	9
	0.0%	27.3%	72.7%	4.5%	31.8%	22.7%	40.9%
Total	1	11	28	3	9	11	17
	2.5%	27.5%	70.0%	7.5%	22.5%	27.5%	42.5%

MMP: Matrix metalloproteinase.

Table 7 Association between tumor size with matrix metalloproteinase-9 and matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression

MMP-13					MMP-9
Tumor size	T1	T2	T3	T4	T1	T2	T3	T4
None	1	3	0	0
Mild	5	6	0	0	5	5	0	0
Moderate	1	11	1	0	2	6	0	0
Intense	1	8	2	1	1	17	3	1
χ2 (P) value				11.02 (0.27)				11.26 (0.80)

MMP: Matrix metalloproteinase.

Table 8 Association between node involvement and matrix metalloproteinase-9 and matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression

		MMP-9			MMP-13
		Mild	Moderate	Intense	Mild	Moderate	Intense
Node involvement	No involvement	9	6	1	10	2	0
	Nodes nearby	1	2	19	1	10	11
	Distant nodes	0	0	2	0	1	1
χ2 (P) value		26.17 (0.000)			29.18 (0.000)

MMP: Matrix metalloproteinase.

Table 9 Association of presence of metastasis with matrix metalloproteinase-9 and matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression

		MMP9			MMP13
		Mild	Moderate	Intense	None	Mild	Moderate	Intense
Presence of metastasis	Presence	1	2	21	0	1	11	12
	Absence	9	6	1	4	10	2	0
χ2 (P) value		26.03 (0.000)			29.16 (0.000)

MMP: Matrix proteinase.

Table 10 Association between tumor size, grade of node involvement, and presence of metastasis

Tumor size	Good	Moderate	Poor	χ2 (P) value
T1	2	6	0	4.31 (0.63)
T2	10	15	3
T3	0	3	0
T4	0	1	0
Node involvement
No involvement	4	12	0	3.55 (0.47)
Nodes nearby	7	12	3
Distant node	1	1	0
Presence of metastasis
Presence	8	13	3	2.88 (0.23)
Absence	4	12	0