Role of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio as a predictive marker for diabetic coronary artery disease: A cross-sectional study

Table 1 Demographic characteristics and biochemistry parameters of Group I and Group II

Demographic parameters	Group I	Group II	P value
Age (yr) (mean ± SD)	54.2 ± 10.2	53.2 ± 10.3	0.473
Gender (male/female)	81/19	89/11	0.82
Diet (non-veg/veg)	81/19	60/40	0.004
Smoker (yes/no)	65/35	50/50	0.022
Alcoholic (yes/no)	26/74	25/75	0.500
Tobacco chewer (yes/no)	49/51	39/61	0.100
Hypertension history (hypertensive/normotensive)	39/61	20/80	0.003
RBS (mg/dL) (mean ± SD)	220.63 ± 100.26	120.61 ± 42.52	0.001
HbA1c (mean ± SD)	8.83 ± 2.03	5.65 ± 0.38	0.001
TC (mg/dL) (mean ± SD)	154.86 ± 51.04	139.54 ± 55.23	0.006
TG (mg/dL) (mean ± SD)	176.03 ± 99.57	124.47 ± 67.05	0.001
HDL (mg/dL) (mean ± SD)	33.82 ± 9.02	35.15 ± 11.28	0.564
LDL (mg/dL) (mean ± SD)	84.74 ± 38.78	80.92 ± 43.55	0.278
VLDL (mg/dL) (mean ± SD)	34.97 ± 21.77	25.50 ± 14.56	0.001
Hb in gm (mean ± SD)	13.49 ± 2.10	13.87 ± 1.90	0.17
WBC in 109/L (mean ± SD)	9.92 ± 3.5	10.75 ± 7.5	0.75
Neutrophils, 109/L (mean ± SD)	6.25 ± 2.99	6.92 ± 4.85	0.64
Lymphocytes, 109/L (mean ± SD)	3.49 ± 1.68	2.46 ± 1.27	0.001
Monocytes, 109/L (mean ± SD)	0.58 ± 0.26	0.75 ± 0.66	0.13
Eosinophils, 109/L (mean ± SD)	0.27 ± 0.19	0.39 ± 0.59	0.572
LMR (mean ± SD)	6.19 ± 4.14	4.19 ± 2.78	0.001

RBS: Random blood sugar; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; HDL: High density lipoprotein; LDL: Low density lipoprotein; VLDL: Very low density lipoprotein; Hb: Hemoglobin; WBC: White blood cells; LMR: Lymphocyte to monocyte ratio.

Table 2 Comparison of atherogenic indices between Group I and Group II

Atherogenic index	Group I	Group II	P value
Atherogenic index of plasma (mean ± SD)	0.67 ± 0.24	0.51 ± 0.26	0.001
Castelli's risk index I (mean ± SD)	4.88 ± 1.98	4.37 ± 3.42	0.001
Castelli's risk index II (mean ± SD)	2.70 ± 1.50	2.60 ± 2.77	0.115
Atherogenic coefficient (mean ± SD)	3.88 ± 1.98	3.37 ± 3.42	0.001
Non-HDL-C (mean ± SD)	121.27 ± 50.39	104.38 ± 54.59	0.002

AIP: Atherogenic index of plasma; CRI-I: Castelli's Risk Index I; CRI-II: Castelli's Risk Index II; AC: Atherogenic coefficient; NHC: Non-HDL cholesterol.

Table 3 Logistic regression analysis of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio for diabetic coronary artery disease

Model	Exp(B)	95%CI		P value
		Lower	Upper
LMR (model 1)	1.48	1.28	1.72	0.001
LMR + (model 1 + age, gender, diet, smoking, history of hypertension)	1.49	1.29	1.74	0.001
LMR + (model 2 + high TC, high TG)	1.49	1.27	1.75	0.001
Model 1: Unadjusted
Model 2: Age + gender + diet + smoking + history of hypertension + model 1
Model 3: Model 2 + high TC, high TG

LMR: Lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio; TC: Total cholesterol, TG: Triglycerides.