Patellar reconstruction in primary total knee arthroplasty using bone chips from routine cuts: A case report and review of literature

Table 1 Patellar reconstruction techniques

Ref.	Type of patellar reconstruction	Number of patients	Follow-up	Outcomes	Complications
Buechel[26], 1991	Bone auto and allograft - iliac crest, femoral resection and bone bank	6 (7 knees)	24 to 125 months	Full ROM, strengthening, pain free gait and no signs of graft resorption	1 CRPS
Kulkarni et al[28], 1999	Extensor mechanism allograft	1	3 yr	Improve ROM, strength, level of pain and no signs of graft resorption	None
Tirveilliot et al[25], 2003	Bone auto and allograft - 6 tibial plateau / 1 fragment of femoral head	7	1.5 months to 6 yr	IKS pre/postoperative; Knee: 41/78; Function: 35/72	4 were removed for migration
Lakshmanan and Wilson[10], 2004	Bone autograft - entire tibial plateau	1	9 months	KSS postoperative; Knee: 90; Function: 92	None
Busfield and Ries[27], 2006	Extensor mechanism allograft	7 (9 knees)	39 to 48 months	KSS pre/postoperative; Knee: 59/85; Function: 63/67	2 infections 1 patellar resorption
Kwong and Desai[29], 2008	Prosthetic augment	7	6 to 21 months	Initial recovery was good, complications emerged over time	3 loosening 2 continuing pain
Pang and Sathappan[23], 2008	Bone autograft - distal medial femoral condyle	1	2 yr	Full ROM, strengthening, pain free gait and no signs of graft resorption	None
Jabbar and Ruiz[22], 2009	Bone autograft - posterior lateral femoral condyle	1	4 yr	Full ROM, strengthening, pain free gait and no signs of graft resorption	None
Daentzer et al[24], 2012	Bone autograft - iliac crest	13	3 to 92 months	KSS postoperative; Knee 67.3; Function 57.5	3 infections (one removed patella); 1 patellar instability; 1 fracture of ASISe
George et al[21], 2017	Bone autograft - medial femoral condyle	2	1.5 to 4 yr	Full ROM, strengthening, pain free gait and no signs of graft resorption	None
Giessler and Hendrich[37], 2016	Hybrid - vascularized bone graft with metal augmentation	1	6 months	Full ROM, strengthening, pain free gait and no signs of graft resorption	None
Gómez-Palomo et al[6], 2019	Extensor mechanism allograft	1	5 yr	Full ROM, strengthening and pain free gait	None

ROM: Range of motion; CRPS: Complex regional pain syndrome; IKS: International Knee Society; KSS: Knee Society Score; ASIS: Anterior superior iliac spine.