Issues related to post-COVID-19 syndrome

Table 1 Involvement of organ systems in post-coronavirus disease 2019 syndrome

Systems	Findings
Respiratory system	Decreased diffusion capacity of the lung due to ongoing fibrosis
	Decreased exercise capacity, cough, and chest pain
Hematologic system	CD4+- T lymphocytes remained lower
	Mild elevation in white blood cell (WBC) count
	High levels of WBCs are driven by raised neutrophils
	Direct injury of endothelium and cytokine release causing prothrombotic tendency
	Elevation of Von Willebrand Factor antigen (VWF: Ag), VWF propeptide (VWFpp), and Factor VIII coagulation (FVIII: C) elements
Cardiovascular system	Vascular, pericardial, and myocardial tissue inflammation
	Chest pain, palpitations, dizziness, and increment in resting heart rate
	Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS)
Gastrointestinal system	Diarrhea, abdominal pain, and nausea
	Viral RNA could still be present in the stool after 30 d
	Weight loss and risk of malnutrition due to decreased appetite
Neurologic system	Mild headache, hyposmia, hypogeusia, fatigue, sleep disorders, pain, cognitive impairment, and rarely Guillain-Barré syndrome
	Anosmia and hypogeusia, underlying low-grade inflammation of the frontal lobe, loss of cognition, brain fog, and headache
Psychiatric issues	Social withdrawal, social isolation, economic loss due to being unable to work, increased child care and familial charges, and burden of guilt if other contacts contract the virus
	Psychological distress and post-traumatic stress disorder