Hepatocyte selection medium eliminating induced pluripotent stem cells among primary human hepatocytes

Figure 1 Gluconeogenesis from galactose. Galactose is converted to galactose 1-phosphate by galactokinase. The process of gluconeogenesis is shown and further described in the text. UDP: Uridine diphosphate.

Figure 2 Urea cycle. L-ornithine is converted to L-citrulline by ornithine transcarbamylase. L-arginine is produced from L-ornithine by the urea cycle. Please see text for further detail.

Figure 3 Co-culture of primary human hepatocytes and induced pluripotent stem cells. HiPS cells were cultured in Repro FF (Reprocell, Yokohama, Japan), a feeder free condition (A). The medium was changed to HSM, and cultured further for three days. All the iPS cells were eliminated (B). To address the possibility that hepatocytes survive and iPS cells were eliminated in HSM, co-culture of primary human hepatocytes (arrow) and hiPS cells (asterisk) were established (C). Currently, differentiation of hiPS cell to mature hepatocytes has not been successful. Primary human hepatocytes were used in place of hepatocytes from hiPS cells. HiPS cells were eliminated and primary human hepatocytes survived after three days culture in HSM (D). Original magnification: × 400. HiPS: Human induced pluripotent stem; HSM: Hepatocyte selection medium.