Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026.
World J Methodol. Sep 20, 2026; 16(3): 121149
Published online Sep 20, 2026. doi: 10.5662/wjm.121149
Published online Sep 20, 2026. doi: 10.5662/wjm.121149
Figure 1 Structured overview of study design and methodology - see methods section and separate PowerPoint file.
Shoe size delta: Everyday shoe size minus climbing shoe size (European Union sizing). This design reflects a clinic-based sample and does not permit population-level prevalence estimates. IRR: Incidence rate ratio; IQR: Interquartile range; BMI: Body mass index.
Figure 2 Hyperkeratosis.
A: Pinch callus, first toe; B: Plantar hyperkeratosis; C: Dorsal hyperkeratosis of first toe.
Figure 3 Nail disorders.
A: Medial and lateral periungual hyperkeratosis, first toe; B: Beau’s lines on the first nail; C: First nail traumatic ridges; D: First nail subungual hematoma.
- Citation: Carioti G, Brighenti I, Le Donne N, Banfi C, Azzahrani L, Galassi L. Clinical assessment of nail and skin lesions in indoor climbers: A clinic-based cross-sectional study. World J Methodol 2026; 16(3): 121149
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2222-0682/full/v16/i3/121149.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5662/wjm.121149