Scoping review of micronutrient imbalances, clinical manifestations, and interventions

Figure 1 Diagram depicting the activation of vitamin D. Vitamin D from diet and the skin forms pre-vitamin D₃, which is converted to the storage form of vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) in the liver via 25-hydroxylase. Low serum calcium and phosphorous concentrations activate the kidney, converting 25(OH)D to activated 1,25(OH)2 D₃via 1α-hydroxylase. This activated form subsequently promotes calcium and phosphorus reabsorption in the kidneys and intestines and increases the release of both minerals from the bone.