Discovering hidden patterns: Association rules for cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Figure 1 Patient data extraction and management: A flowchart illustrating the process of data extraction and management in the study. CAD: Coronary artery disease; DM: Diabetes mellitus.

Figure 2 Schematic demonstrating calculation of support, confidence, and lift using clinical data for association rule mining. CAD: Coronary artery disease; DM: Diabetes mellitus; M: Male; F: Female; UM: Unmarried.

Figure 3 Association rule mining results for patients in the coronary artery disease-with-diabetes group, showing a support of 33%. CAD: Coronary artery disease; HBA1C: Glycated hemoglobin.

Figure 4 Association rule mining results for patients in the coronary artery disease-without-diabetes group, showing a support of 33%. CAD: Coronary artery disease; HBA1C: Glycated hemoglobin.

Figure 5 Association rule mining results for subjects in the healthy control group, showing a support of 33%. HC: Healthy control; CAD: Coronary artery disease; HBA1C: Glycated hemoglobin.