Obesity research: Status quo and future outlooks

doi:10.5528/wjtm.v3.i3.119

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Dec 12, 2014 (publication date) through Oct 30, 2025

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World Journal of Translational Medicine

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2220-6132

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World J Transl Med. Dec 12, 2014; 3(3): 119-132
Published online Dec 12, 2014. doi: 10.5528/wjtm.v3.i3.119

Table 1 Gut hormones and their clinical relevance

Peptide	Production site	Effect	After bariatric surgery	Potential pharmaceutical intervention
Ghrelin	Stomach, mainly fundus	Appetite stimulating	↓	Receptor antagonists
		Growth hormone releasing		GOAT inhibition
				Vaccination
GLP-1	L-cells of the distal small bowel	Postprandialinsuline secretion	↑	Weight loss in patients with diabetes
		Suppresses glucagon secretion		Off-label use in obese patients
		Delays gastric emptying
		Suppresses appetite
GIP	Duodenum, jejunum	Postprandial insulin secretion	↓	GIP receptor antagonist
		Energy expenditure
CCK	Duodenum, jejunum	Delays gastric emptying	↑	CCK analogue substance
		Suppresses appetite
PYY	Distal small bowel	Delays gastric emptying	↑	Long-acting analogue substance
		Suppresses appetite
PP	Distal small bowel	Suppresses appetite	↔	PP analogue substance
OXM	L-cells of the distal small bowel	Delays gastric emptying	↑	Receptor agonist
		Suppresses appetite
		Increase energy expenditure

Modified according to Kim et al[135]. GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1; GIP: Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide; CCK: Cholecystokinin; PYY: Peptide YY; PP: Pancreatic polypeptide; OXM: Oxyntomodulin; GOAT: Ghrelin O-acyltransferase.

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Citation: El Gammal AT, Dupree A, Wolter S, Aberle J, Izbicki JR, Güngör C, Mann O. Obesity research: Status quo and future outlooks. World J Transl Med 2014; 3(3): 119-132
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-6132/full/v3/i3/119.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5528/wjtm.v3.i3.119