Risk factors for pathological upgrading pre- and post-endoscopic resection of colorectal adenoma: A retrospective study

Table 1 Comparison of preoperative biopsy and postoperative pathological findings stratified by colorectal adenoma histological subtype, n (%)

Variables	Total	Non-upgrading group (n = 151)	Upgrading group (n = 49)
Tubular adenoma	150	125 (83.3)	25 (16.7)
Tubulovillous adenoma	42	24 (57.1)	18 (42.9)
Villous adenoma	8	2 (25.0)	6 (75.0)

Percentages indicate the proportion of non-upgrading/upgrading lesions within each adenoma subtype.

Table 2 Baseline characteristics of colorectal adenomas stratified into non-upgrading and pathological upgrading groups

Variables	Non-upgrading group (n = 151)	Pathological upgrading group (n = 49)	t/χ2	P value
Age (years)	58.83 ± 9.39	61.20 ± 11.70	1.289	0.202
BMI (kg/m2)	24.33 ± 3.28	23.76 ± 3.39	-1.063	0.289
Hb (g/L)	138.13 ± 14.59	131.25 ± 21.67	-2.075	0.042
PLT count (× 109/L)	198.15 ± 62.15	201.88 ± 81.11	0.337	0.736
CEA (ng/mL)	1.89 ± 1.05	2.34 ± 1.89	1.594	0.116
Cholesterol (mmol/L)	5.11 ± 1.15	4.77 ± 1.32	-1.752	0.081
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.97 ± 1.53	1.71 ± 1.10	-1.11	0.268
Glucose (mmol/L)	5.91 ± 2.52	5.97 ± 2.04	0.149	0.882
Gender			0.044	0.834
Male	93 (61.6)	31 (63.3)
Female	58 (38.4)	18 (36.7)
Smoking			0.77	0.781
Yes	40 (26.4)	12 (24.5)
No	111 (73.6)	37 (75.5)
Drinking			0.081	0.775
Yes	34 (22.5)	12 (24.5)
No	117 (77.5)	37 (75.5)
Diabetes			0.042	0.838
Yes	17 (11.3)	5 (10.2)
No	134 (88.7)	44 (89.8)
Tumor history			2.793	0.095
Yes	10 (6.6)	7 (14.3)
No	141 (93.4)	42 (85.7)
Adenoma location			0.937	0.333
A group	61 (40.4)	16 (32.7)
B group	90 (59.6)	33 (67.3)
Adenoma diameter (mm)			51.144	0.000
≤ 20	148 (98.0)	30 (61.2)
> 20	3 (2.0)	19 (38.8)
Yamada classification			8.153	0.043
I	30 (19.9)	4 (8.2)
II	72 (47.7)	22 (44.9)
III	29 (19.2)	18 (36.7)
IV	20 (13.2)	5 (10.2)
Mucosal surface hyperemia			10.269	0.001
No	86 (57.0)	15 (30.6)
Yes	65 (43.0)	34 (69.4)

BMI: Body mass index; Hb: Hemoglobin; PLT: Platelet; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen.

Table 3 Multivariate logistic regression analysis of factors influencing pathological upgrading of colorectal adenoma

Variables	OR	95%CI	P value
Hb	0.987	0.964-1.011	0.277
Diameter (mm)
≤ 20	Reference
> 20	23.237	5.868-92.018	< 0.001
Mucosal surface hyperemia
No	Reference
Yes	1.825	0.793-4.201	0.158
Yamada classification
I	Reference
II	1.489	0.410-5.403	0.545
III	2.735	0.703-10.637	0.146
IV	0.747	0.126-4.421	0.748

Hb: Hemoglobin; OR: Odds ratio.