Comparison of carotid intima-media thickness between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients

doi:10.5527/wjn.v15.i2.120396

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World Journal of Nephrology

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2220-6124

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Nephrol. Jun 25, 2026; 15(2): 120396
Published online Jun 25, 2026. doi: 10.5527/wjn.v15.i2.120396

Table 1 Characteristics of study populations based on dialysis modality

Characteristic	PD (n = 43)	HD (n = 40)	P value
Age (year), mean (SD)	41.14 (12.67)	51.85 (11.06)	< 0.001²^,^a
Male	22 (51.2)	21 (52.5)	0.903¹
Female	21 (48.8)	19 (47.5)	0.903¹
Cause of ESRD
Diabetes	5 (11.6)	5 (12.5)	0.932¹
Hypertension	30 (69.8)	24 (0.6)
Unknown	8 (18.6)	10 (0.25)
Duration of dialysis, month	40 (15; 52)	35.5 (15.5; 64.5)	0.459³
Hemoglobin, gr/dL	8.32 (2.13)	9.55 (2.26)	0.012²^,^a
NLR	4.02 (2.08)	2.98 (1.77)	0.001²^,^a
TSAT, %	29 (23; 43)	27 (23; 37.5)	0.943²
Albumin, g/dL	3.52 (0.69)	2.98 (1.77)	0.068²
Calcium, mg/dL	7.72 (1.54)	7.91 (5.81)	0.067²
Phosphor, mg/dL	4.55 (1.41)	3.80 (2.20)	0.840²
Calcium/phosphor product	35.97 (12.34)	35.02 (24.56)	0.821²
Klotho, ng/mL	6.12 (2.99; 9.11)	5.30 (1.88; 8.36)	0.286³
FGF-23, pg/mL	132.26 (77.82; 312.93)	148.66 (106.05; 457.42)	0.155³
FGF-23/Klotho ratio	26.06 (13.32; 69.45)	67.34 (16.56; 131.35)	0.039³^,^a
cIMT, mm	0.53 (0.47; 0.63)	0.63 (0.54; 0.70)	0.005³^,^a
iPTH, pg/mL	603.10 (347.00; 841.10)	209.05 (110.55; 423.87)	< 0.001³^,^a

¹χ² test.

²Independent t-test.

³Mann–Whitney U test.

^aSignificant values.

Data were presented in n (%), mean (SD), median (interquartile range). PD: Peritoneal dialysis; HD: Hemodialysis; NLR: Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; TSAT: Transferrin saturation; FGF-23: Fibroblast growth factor 23; cIMT: Carotid intima-media thickness; iPTH: Intact parathyroid hormone.

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Table 2 Factors associated with carotid intima-media thickness in dialysis patients (n = 83)

Variables	Coefficient (β)	Standard error	t-value	95%CI	P value
Age, year	0.006	0.002	3.078	0.002-0.009	0.003¹^,^a
Hemoglobin, g/dL	0.002	0.010	0.211	-0.018 to 0.022	0.833
NLR	-0.006	0.011	-0.547	-0.029 to 0.017	0.586
Albumin, g/dL	0.004	0.018	0.189	-0.034 to 0.041	0.851
Calcium, mg/dL	0.000	0.006	0.076	-0.011 to 0.012	0.940
FGF-23/Klotho ratio	-0.050	0.080	-0.563	-0.229 to 0.128	0.575
FGF-23, pg/mL	0.053	0.249	1.641	-0.011 to 0.118	0.105
iPTH, pg/mL	-0.025	0.024	-1.039	-0.074 to 0.023	0.302

¹Multivariate regression analysis.

^aSignificant values. The determinant value (adjusted R²): 0.161 and the β value: 0.006.

NLR: Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; FGF-23: Fibroblast growth factor 23; CIMT: Carotid intima-media thickness; iPTH: Intact parathyroid hormone.

Full Size Table

Table 3 Correlation between several chronic kidney disease mineral bone disorder parameters between peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients

Variable	PD, r (P value)			HD, r (P value)
Variable	Klotho, ng/mL	FGF-23, pg/mL	FGF-23/Klotho ratio	Klotho, ng/mL	FGF-23, pg/mL	FGF-23-Klotho ratio
Calcium, mg/dL	-0.056 (0.723)	0.465 (0.002)^a	0.408 (0.007)^a	0.056 (0.732)	0.078 (0.634)	0.016 (0.921)
Phosphor, mg/dL	-0.088 (0.575)	0.440 (0.003)^a	0.341 (0.025)^a	0.119 (0.465)	0.094 (0.563)	-0.013 (0.938)
Calcium/phosphor product	-0.098 (0.530)	0.592 (< 0.001)^a	0.486 (0.001)^a	0.065 (0.692)	0.144 (0.376)	0.033 (0.838)
cIMT, mm	0.345 (0.023)^a	0.171 (0.273)	-0.100 (0.522)	0.148 (0.361)	0.096 (0.555)	-0.051 (0.756)
PTH, pg/mL	-0.178 (0.254)	0.069 (0.659)	0.165 (0.290)	0.309 (0.052)	0.459 (0.003)^a	0.132 (0.415)
NLR	0.129 (0.409)	0.274 (0.075)	0.154 (0.324)	0.015 (0.927)	-0.014 (0.933)	0.009 (0.958)

^aSignificant values.

Spearman correlation. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) correlated with calcium levels (r = 0.313; P = 0.049) and phosphorus levels (r = 0.384, P = 0.015) only in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Overall [both PD and hemodialysis (HD) patients], NLR correlated only with phosphorus levels (r = 0.349, P = 0.001). There was no significant correlation between carotid intima-media thickness and intact parathyroid hormone in PD patients (r = -0.219; P = 0.158) and HD patients (r = -0.180; P = 0.267). PD: Peritoneal dialysis; HD: Hemodialysis; cIMT: Carotid intima-media thickness; PTH: Parathyroid hormone; NLR: Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; FGF-23: Fibroblast growth factor 23.

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Citation: Samsu N, Hayati M, Winoto ES, Susianti H. Comparison of carotid intima-media thickness between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients. World J Nephrol 2026; 15(2): 120396
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-6124/full/v15/i2/120396.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5527/wjn.v15.i2.120396

Samsu N, Hayati M, Winoto ES, Susianti H. Comparison of carotid intima-media thickness between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients. World J Nephrol 2026; 15(2): 120396 [DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v15.i2.120396]

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