Gut microbiota in a Saudi population with chronic kidney disease

doi:10.5527/wjn.v15.i2.118343

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World Journal of Nephrology

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2220-6124

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Nephrol. Jun 25, 2026; 15(2): 118343
Published online Jun 25, 2026. doi: 10.5527/wjn.v15.i2.118343

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of study participants across four groups, chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and healthy controls, n (%)

Characteristics	CKD (n = 48)	HD (n = 49)	PD (n = 43)	Control (n = 49)
Gender
Male	20 (41.7)	21 (42.9)	23 (53.5)	31 (63.3)
Female	28 (58.3)	28 (57.1)	20 (46.5)	18 (36.7)
Age, years
mean (SD)	53.69 (18.98)	58.55 (16.31)	44.86 (19.81)	45.73 (16.74)
Median	54.50	59	39	46
Family history of CKD
Yes	12 (25)	9 (18.4)	2 (4.7)	0 (0)
No	36 (75)	40 (81.6)	41 (95.3)	49 (100)
Comorbidities
CVD	9 (18.8)	15 (30.6)	10 (23.3)	NA
DM	30 (62.5)	30 (61.2)	21 (48.8)	NA
HTN	39 (81.3)	45 (91.8)	36 (83.7)	NA
SCD	1 (2)	0 (0)	0 (0)	NA

CKD: Chronic kidney disease; HD: Hemodialysis; PD: Peritoneal dialysis; CVD: Cardiovascular disease; DM: Diabetes mellites; HTN: Hypertension; SCD: Sickle cell disease; NA: Not available.

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Citation: Almuhanna AA, Vatte C, Guo Q, Elsalamouni TS, Al-Muhanna FA, Aboalrihy AM, Alhabib HA, Almomen MF, Alali RA, Habara AH, Alrubaish MA, Alfalah KM, Cyrus C, Abdul-Rahman IS, Keating BJ, Al-Ali AK, Wang C. Gut microbiota in a Saudi population with chronic kidney disease. World J Nephrol 2026; 15(2): 118343
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-6124/full/v15/i2/118343.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5527/wjn.v15.i2.118343

Almuhanna AA, Vatte C, Guo Q, Elsalamouni TS, Al-Muhanna FA, Aboalrihy AM, Alhabib HA, Almomen MF, Alali RA, Habara AH, Alrubaish MA, Alfalah KM, Cyrus C, Abdul-Rahman IS, Keating BJ, Al-Ali AK, Wang C. Gut microbiota in a Saudi population with chronic kidney disease. World J Nephrol 2026; 15(2): 118343 [DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v15.i2.118343]

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