Automated peritoneal dialysis with shortened break-in periods in urgent-start scenarios: A retrospective cohort study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes stratified by shortened break-in period, n (%)/mean ± SD

Variables	Catheter opening after placement
	< 12 hours, n = 34	≥ 12 hours, n = 28	P value
Female	9 (26.5)	8 (28.6)	0.854
Age in years	48.6 ± 13.3	50.2 ± 13.6	0.652
BMI in kg/m2	25.8 ± 4.3	26.6 ± 5.2	0.523
Length of stay in days	11 (8-14)	11 (8-16)	0.904
APACHE	11 (7-17)	13 (10-17)	0.574
SOFA	5 (3-7)	5 (4-6)	0.553
Type 2 diabetes	23 (67.6)	15 (53.6)	0.302
Hypertension	27 (79.4)	19 (67.9)	0.386
CKD	30 (88.2)	27 (96.4)	0.366
History of abdominal surgery	11 (32.4)	3 (10.7)	0.066
HD prior to PD catheter placement	8 (24.2)	15 (53.6)	0.033
Time elapsed between admission and catheter placement in h	72 (24-96)	96 (48-144)	0.033
Time between admission and catheter placement			0.327
< 24 h	7 (20.6)	2 (7.1)
24-48 h	2 (5.9)	2 (7.1)
> 48 h	25 (73.5)	24 (85.7)
Dysfunction	5 (14.7)	4 (14.3)	0.963
Catheter migration	5 (14.7)	1 (3.6)	0.209
PD fluid leakage	5 (14.7)	3 (10.7)	0.719
PD catheter replacement	4 (11.8)	3 (10.7)	0.897

APACHE: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; BMI: Body mass index; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; HD: Hemodialysis; PD: Peritoneal dialysis; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.

Table 2 Comparison of laboratory parameters before and after automated peritoneal dialysis, median (25^th-75^th percentiles)/mean ± SD

Variables	Before APD	After APD	P value
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	8.37 ± 1.49	9.11 ± 1.59	0.007
Serum albumin (g/dL)	3.09 ± 0.56	2.79 ± 0.68	0.265
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)	13.90 (9.35-18.37)	9.23 (7.43-12.84)	< 0.001
BUN (mg/dL)	104 (80-143)	69 (53-82)	< 0.001
Urea (mg/dL)	223 (171-307)	147 (115-175)	< 0.001
Serum sodium (mEq/L)	135 (132-139)	133 (131-136)	0.033
Serum potassium (mEq/L)	4.80 (4.30-5.40)	4.00 (3.50-4.40)	< 0.001
Serum chloride (mEq/L)	99 (96-103)	94 (92-96)	< 0.001
Serum calcium (mEq/L)	7.59 (7.10-7.96)	8.00 (7.40-8.40)	0.001
Serum phosphorus (mEq/L)	7.94 (5.61-9.19)	4.80 (4.32-5.93)	< 0.001
pH	7.35 (7.29-7.39)	7.44 (7.40-7.46)	< 0.001
Bicarbonate (mEq/L)	18.7 (15.2-21.9)	26.3 (24.7-28.5)	< 0.001
pCO2 (mmHg)	33 (29-38)	40 (36-42)	< 0.001
Lactate (mmol/L)	0.80 (0.70-1.20)	1.30 (1.00-1.60)	0.001

APD: Automated peritoneal dialysis; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen.

Table 3 Comparison of demographics and catheter-related complications between the automated peritoneal dialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis groups, n (%)

Variables	APD	CAPD	P value
Age (years)	49.3 ± 13.4	54.5 ± 14.6	0.008
Female	17 (27.4)	137 (49.5)	0.002
Length of stay in days	11 (8-15)	15 (11-22)	< 0.001
Dysfunction	9 (14.5)	66 (23.8)	0.129
Catheter migration	6 (9.7)	34 (19.1)	0.113
PD fluid leakage	8 (12.9)	26 (9.4)	0.481
Hemoperitoneum	0 (0.0)	5 (1.8)	0.589
PD catheter replacement	7 (11.3)	46 (16.6)	0.340
PD catheter-related complications	17 (27.4)	84 (30.3)	0.759

APD: Automated peritoneal dialysis; CAPD: Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis; PD: Peritoneal dialysis.