Radial artery deviation and reimplantation technique vs classical technique in arterio-venous fistula: A randomised control trial

Table 1 Comparison of patient demographic profile between radial artery deviation and reimplantation and classical group, n (%)

Variable	RADAR (n = 47)	Classical (n = 47)	P value
Average age (year), mean ± SD	44.36 ± 15.85317	47.42 ± 15.85317	0.856
Sex
Male	37 (78.7)	33 (70.2)	0.344
Female	10 (21.3)	14 (29.8)	-
Comorbidities
HTN	44 (93.6)	42 (89.36)	0.24
DM	8 (17.02)	12 (25.53)	0.17
CAD	4 (8.51)	2 (4.25)	0.20
Others	1 (2.12)	2 (4.25)	0.28
Diameter (mm), mean ± SD
Artery	2.18 ± 0.20358	2.18 ± 0.22824	0.159
Vein	2.29 ± 0.24181	2.36 ± 0.38086	0.200
CKD diagnosis (months), mean ± SD	2.7553 ± 2.16412	3.13 ± 2.795	0.472
HD duration (months), mean ± SD	1.64 ± 0.814	1.91 ± 1.943	0.390
BMI, mean ± SD	23.4043 ± 1.34342	22.8745 ± 1.77415	0.472

RADAR: Radial artery deviation and reimplantation; HTN: Hypertension; DM: Diabetes mellitus; CAD: Coronary artery disease; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; HD: Hemodialysis; BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Independent t test between procedure and continuous variables, mean ± SD

Variable	Classical	RADAR	P value
Duration of CKD (months)	3.13 ± 2.795	2.76 ± 2.164	0.472
Duration of hemodialysis (months)	1.91 ± 1.943	1.65 ± .814	0.389
Radial artery diameter (mm)	2.1630 ± 2.0616	2.1872 ± 1.4237	0.509
Cephalic vein diameter (mm)	2.2277 ± 3.6576	2.3021 ± 2.3636	0.244
Time for maturation (in days)	37.78 ± 5.683	28.33 ± 5.437	0.001

CKD: Chronic kidney disease; RADAR: Radial artery deviation and reimplantation.

Table 3 Univariate regression analysis of outcomes with respect to procedure, n (%)

Variable	n	Unadjusted OR	95%CI	P value
Success
RADAR (Ref)	45 (95.74)	-	-	-
Classical	36 (76.59)	0.145	0.030-0.699	0.016
Complication
RADAR (Ref)	6 (12.8)	-	-	-
Classical	14 (29.8)	2.899	1.004-8.372	0.049
Maturation time
RADAR (Ref)	28.33	-	-	-
Classical	37.78	18.874	15.136-22.613	0.001

RADAR: Radial artery deviation and reimplantation; Ref: Reference; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 4 Results of univariate regression and multivariate analysis of variables with respect to success

Univariate regression analysis
Variable	Unadjusted OR	95%CI	P value
Age (years)
18-40 (Ref)	-	-	0.360
40-55	0.628	0.180-2.194	0.466
> 55	2.879	0.313-26.506	0.351
Sex
Male	0.333	0.099-1.118	0.075
Female (Ref)
CKD duration	0.909	0.742-1.114	0.358
Hemodialysis duration	1.376	0.657-2.880	0.397
BMI	1.144	0.793-1.651	0.472
Radial artery diam	3.961	0.088-178.903	0.479
Cephalic vein diam	15.969	14.160-25.856	0.003
Procedure
Radar (Ref)	0.145	0.030-0.699	0.016
Classical
Maturation time	0.744	0.540-1.025	0.070
Complication	0.000	0.000	0.996
Multivariate regression analysis
RADAR (Ref)	0.091	0.013-0.663	0.018
Cephalic vein diameter	3.907	2.397-31.3	0.002

RADAR: Radial artery deviation and reimplantation; Ref: Reference; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; BMI: Body mass index.