Renal biopsy reports in nephritic syndrome: Update

Table 1 Characteristics of the reviewed studies and their patient populations

Ref.	Country	Region/town	Nephrology centers	Study duration	Publication year	Age, range/mean ± SD	Total, n
Ossareh et al[4]	Iran	Tehran	Hasheminejad Kidney Center	1998-2007	2010	12–84	1407
Saberafsharian et al[5]	Iran	Mashhad	Ghaem and Emam Reza hospitals	2016-2018	2020	41.40 ± 16.02	860
Pakfetrat et al[6]	Iran	Shiraz	Shiraz University of Medical Sciences	January 2011–December 2017	2020	1- 60	1355
AlFaadhel et al[7]	Kingdom of Saudi Arabia	Riyadh and Jeddah	Hospital, Jeddah; Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh; College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh	1998-2017	2019	18-65	1070
Al-Saegh et al[8]	Iraq	Kerbala	University Hospital of Kerbala	June 2010-June 2012	2013	6–50	58
Ismail et al[9]	Egypt	Zagazig	Zagazig University	June 2012-November 2014	2016	16-70	150
Al-Qaise et al[10]	Jordan	Amman	Princess Iman Research and Laboratory Center, King Hussein Medical Center	January 2005-December 2008	2010	14-75	273
Turkmen et al[11]	Turkey	Nation-wide data	47 centers across Turkey	May 2009-May 2019	2020	41.5 ± 14.9	4399
Sahinturk et al[12]	Turkey	Antalya	Antalya Training and Research Hospital	2006-2016	2019	> 65 yr	136
Hu et al[13]	China	Henan	The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University	January 2009-December 2018	2020	≤ 14–60+	34,630
Su et al[14]	China	Changchun	First Hospital of Jilin University	January 2007-December 2016	2019	> 14 yr	2725
Wang et al[15]	China	Xinxiang	The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University	January 1996–December 2010	2013	16–72 yr	919
Chiu et al[16]	Taiwan of China	Taichung	Taichung Veterans General Hospital	January 2014-September 2016	2018	48.4 ± 16.6	1445
Nair et al[17]	United States	Nationwide	Multiple referral centers	March 2001-December 2003	2004	60-91	533
Harmankaya et al[18]	Turkey	Istanbul	Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital	2006 and 2014	2015	≥ 65	103
Sarwal et al[19]	India (North)	Chandigarh	Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research	2007 to 2016	2019	2–94	359
Devadass et al[20]	India (South)	Bangalore	M.S. Ramaiah Medical College and Hospitals	2008 to 2013	2014	8 mo-78 yr	680
Das et al[21]	India (South)	Hyderabad	M.S. Ramaiah Medical College and Hospitals	January 1990-December 2008	2011	10-80	1849
Gupta et al[22]	India	New Delhi	Sir Ganga Ram Hospital	January 2011-December 2014	2018	60–85	109
Mohapatra et al[23]	India	Vellore	Christian Medical College and Hospital	January 1996-December 2015	2018	12.8 ± 4.9	1740
Modugumudi et al[24]	India	Tirupati	Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences	May 2010-August 2012	2016	15-74	137
Khetan et al[25]	India	Hyderabad	Apollo Hospitals, Jubilee Hills	N/A	2018	0-15	799/958
Beniwal et al[26]	India	Jaipur, Rajasthan	SMS Medical College and Hospital	January 2012-December 2017	2020	60-87	230
Koshy et al[27]	India	Chennai, Tamil Nadu	Madras Medical Institute	January 2010-August 2016	2018	60-82	231
Maixnerova et al[28]	Czech	National report	31 centers	1994–2011	2014	0-75+	10472
Horvatic et al[29]	Croatia	Zagreb	Dubrava University Hospital	1996 till February 2012	2013	16-84	922
Oygar et al[30]	Cyprus	North Cyprus	Burhan Nalbantoglu General Hospital	January 2006-2015	2017	18-78	153
Perkowska-Ptasinska et al[31]	Poland	National	The Polish Registry of Renal Biopsies	2009-2014	2017	19-88	8443-951 = 7492
Pio et al[32]	Portugal	Porto	Hospital Geral de Santo António	January 1997-December 2008	2010	1 mo-18 yr	142
Naumovic et al[33]	Serbia	Belgrade	University of Belgrade	1987 to 2006	2009	16-79	1733
Volovăt et al[34]	Romania	Iasi	“Dr. C. I. Parhon” Hospital	2005-2010	2013	41.9 ± 2.8	514/559
Covic et al[35]	Romania	Timisoara	C.I. Parhon’ Hospital, Iasi and 2 Dialysis and Transplantation Centers	1995–2004	2006	18–80	635
Costa et al[36]	Brazil (NorthEast)	Pernambuco	2 centers: Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (HC-UFPE) and Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP)	February 1998-January 2016	2017	0-60+	677/1151
Özkayin et al[37]	Turkey	Edirne	Trakya University School of Medicine	2005-2015	2016	1-17	100
Sugiyama et al[38]	Japan	National registry report	94 centers	January 2009-December 2010	2013	0-80+	7034
Sugiyama et al[39]	Japan	Nationwide	23 centers	1979 and 2008	2011	0–80+	2404
Malik et al[40]	Pakistan	Bahawalpur	Bahawal Victoria Hospital	January 2012-April 2018	2019	14-68	195
Imtiaz et al[41]	Pakistan	Karachi	The Kidney Center Post Graduate Training Institute	January 1996-December 2013	2017	18–88	1521
Hashmi et al[42]	Pakistan	Karachi	Liaquat National Hospital	January 2009-December 2013	2016	20-75	140
Mubarak et al[43]	Pakistan	Karachi	Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation	July 1995-December 2008	2011	19–85	1793
Imtiaz et al[44]	Pakistan	Karachi	The Kidney Center Post Graduate Training Institute	1997 to 2013	2016	0.1-17	423
Lanewala et al[45]	Pakistan	Karachi	Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation	July 1995 and June 2008	2009	4 mo-18 yr	801
AlYousef et al[46]	Kuwait	Sabah Al Nasser	Farwaniya Hospital	January 2013-December 2018	2020	12-90	545
Mesquita et al[47]	Belgium	Brussels	Brugmann University Hospital	January 1991-December 2006	2011	Adult (47 ± 19)	326
Jegatheesan et al[48]	Australia	Queensland	11 hospitals	January 2002-December 2011	2016	48 ± 17 (18+)	2048/3697
Prada Rico et al[49]	Colombia	Bogot´a, Cundinamarca	Fundaci´on Cardioinfantil, Bogot´	2007-2017	2013	11 ± 4.3	241

Table 2 Meta-analysis of the estimated incidence (95% confidence interval) of nephropathy diagnoses for patients with nephritic syndrome

Nephropathy	Highest rate (%)	Lowest rate (%)	Pediatric (%)	Adults (%)	Elderly (%)	General (%)	NiS-NS (%)	Total (%)
MGN	M.E. 10.2 (8.1-12.3)	Eu. 2.4 (1.9-2.8)	2.5 (0.4-4.6)	7.3 (6.9-7.7)1	2.3 (0-5.7)	4.4 (3.9-4.8)	11.7 (6.8-16.6)	5.9 (5.6-6.2)
IgA nephropathy	E.A. 50.1 (49.3-50.8)	S.A. 9.8 (7.6-11.2)	11 (8.2-13.7)	42.6 (41.9-43.4)1	5.9 (2.8-8.9)	37.4 (36.4-38.3)	3.7 (0-7.8)	38.3 (37.7-38.9)
Henoch Schönlein purpura2	Eu. 10.7 (2.8-18.6)	S.A. 1.9 (0.5-3.2)	6.3 (3-9.6)	7.6 (7.2-8.1)1	-	1.2 (0-2.6)	-	7.1 (6.6-7.5)
FSGS	M.E. 11.4 (9.3-13.4)	E.A. 1.6 (1.4-1.8)	3.4 (1.7-5.1)	1.6 (1.4-1.8)	3.9 (0.9-6.8)	4.3 (3.9-4.7)1	19.4 (13-25.8)	2.1 (1.9-2.2)
Lupus nephropathy	L.A. 44.6 (33.7-55.5)	Eu. 4.6 (4-5.3)	12.9 (9.8-15.9)1	9.3 (8.9-9.8)	5.3 (1.6-8.9)	5.4 (4.7-6.1)	10.4 (6.1-14.7)	8.2 (7.8-8.6)
MCD	S.A. 4.4 (1.8-6.9)	E.A. 0.7 (0.5-0.8)	5.7 (0-12.6)1	0.7 (0.6-0.8)	-	1.6 (1.2-1.9)	-	0.8 (0.7-0.9)
Crescentric GN	USCA 18.9 (16.6-21.3)	E.A. 0.6 (0.2-1)	3.4 (1.7-5)	1.7 (1.3-2.2)	45.7 (36.6-54.8)1	6.4 (5-7.9)	-	2.3 (1.9-2.7)
MPGN	USCA. 12.9 (4.8-20.9)	E.A. 0.9 (0.7-1.1)	14.2 (11.4-17)	1 (0.9-1.2)	17.5 (12.1-22.9)1	4.1 (3.5-4.8)	9.2 (4.2-13.5)	1.3 (1.1-1.4)
Amyloidosis	Eu. 1.2 (0.5-1.9)	E.A. 0.8 (0.6-1.1)	0.6 (0-1.4)	0.4 (0.1-0.7)	-	2 (1.6-2.4)1	-	0.9 (0.7-1.1)
Diabetic nephropathy	Eu. 3.9 (3.3-4.5)	S.A. 0.8 (0-1.6)	-	1.5 (1.3-1.7)	3.1 (0-6.2)1	2.7 (2.2-3.2)	-	1.7 (1.5-1.9)
TID	L.A. 27.8 (4.9-50.7)	E.A. 0.6 (0.5-0.7)	3.5 (1.1-5.8)	0.6 (0.5-0.8)	6.7 (1.8-11.7)1	2.3 (1.3-3.3)	-	0.7 (0.5-0.8)
Vascular nephropathy	L.A. 19.3 (10.6-27.9)	M.E. 0.8 (0.1-1.5)	2.9 (0.4-5.4)	2.2 (1.9-2.4)	4.3 (1.4-7.2)1	3 (2.5-3.5)	-	2.3 (2.1-2.5)
Nephroangiosclerosis2	M.E. 20 (0-57.8)	S.A. 0.7 (0-1.6)	-	1.7 (1.5-1.9)	22.7 (9.8-35.6)1	3.3 (2.7-3.9)	-	1.8 (1.6-2)
Hereditary nephropathy	Eu. 3.4 (0.9-5.9)	E.A. 0.7 (0.6-0.9)	2.9 (0.8-5)1	0.7 (0.6-0.9)	-	-	-	0.8 (0.6-0.9)
Unspecific Proliferative GN	S.A. 34.2 (31.5-37)	E.A. 1.4 (1.2-1.6)	23.4 (20-26.9)1	1.6 (1.4-1.8)	20.4 (9.7-31)	11.7 (9.8-13.6)	14.1 (9-19.2)	1.7 (1.6-1.9)
MesPGN2	E.A. 10 (8.2-11.8)	S.A. 4.5 (3.1-5.9)	7.5 (5.2-9.7)1	5.3 (4.5-6.2)	-	6.2 (4.5-8)	9.2 (4.2-13.5)	5.7 (5-6.5)
Unspecific Paraproteinemia	S.A. 11.8 (1.6-22)	E.A. 0.6 (0.4-0.7)	-	0.6 (0.4-0.7)	11.8 (1.6-22)1	-	-	0.6 (0.4-0.7)

¹Zero incidence rates have been omitted to report; the frequency (95% confidence interval) are those representing the highest for each diagnosis.

²Subsections of their abovementioned entity as described previously[2].

E.A.: East Asia; Eu.: Europe; FSGS: Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis; L.A.: Latin America; MCD: Minimal change disease; M.E.: Middle East; MesPGN: Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis; MGN: Membranous glomerulonephritis; MPGN: Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis; NiS-NS: Patients simultaneously presenting with nephritic- & nephrotic syndromes; S.A.: South Asia; TID: Tubulointerstitial diseases; USCA: United States-Canada-Australia.