New developments in transplant-acquired allergies

Table 1 Predisposing factors for transplant-acquired allergy development in different types of organ transplantation

Predisposing factors	Type of organ transplantation
	Liver	Renal
Use of MMF/prednisone	-	+
Delayed manifestation of food allergy in recipient	+	+
Recovery of delayed type hypersensitivity	++	+
Transfer of hematopoietic stem and dendritic cells	+	±
Transfer of food-specific IgE	+	+
Passive transfer of food-specific lymphocytes	++	+
Atopic background of recipient	+	+
Younger age of recipient	+	+
Allergy of donor	+	+

MMF: Mycophenolate mofetil; -: No effect; ±: Suspicious effect; +: Positive effect; ++: Strong positive effect.

Table 2 Side effects of immunosuppressive agents help developing transplant-acquired allergies in solid organ recipients

Types of side effects	Immunosuppressive agents
	Tacrolimus	Cyclosporine A
Intestinal injury	+	-
Inhibition of cellular energy production in intestine	+	-
Th1/Th2 imbalance	++	+
IL-2 production	↓↓	↓
IL-5 production	↑↑	↑
IL-10 production	↑↑	↑
IL-13 production	↑↑	↑
IgE production	↑↑	↑
Immunosuppression	++	+

IgE: Immunoglobulin E; IL: Interleukin; Th: T-helper cells; -: No effect; +: Positive effect; ++: Strong positive effect; ↓: Decrease; ↑: Increase; ↓↓: Strong decrease; ↑↑: Strong increase.