Impact of dexmedetomidine administration on serum creatinine levels following liver transplantation: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 1 Details of the studies included in this meta-analysis

Ref.	Number of patients		Intervention	Control	Study type
	Dexmedetomidine	Control
Fayed et al[9], 2016	20	20	A continuous intraoperative infusion of dexmedetomidine was administered at a rate of 0.8 µg/kg/hour, initiated following the induction of anesthesia and maintained throughout the surgical procedure until its completion	Placebo	RCT
Zhang et al[11], 2021	28	26	Dexmedetomidine was administered as a continuous infusion at a rate of 0.4 µg/kg/hour, commencing at the time of surgical incision and continued until completion of the operative procedure	None	Cohort study
Zhang et al[12], 2022	62	59	Dexmedetomidine was administered as a continuous intraoperative infusion at a rate of 0.4 µg/kg/hour without a loading dose, beginning at the time of surgical incision and maintained until completion of the procedure	None	Cohort study
Yang et al[10], 2024	165	165	After induction of anesthesia, a loading dose of dexmedetomidine (1 μg/kg) was administered over 10 minutes, followed by a continuous infusion at 0.5 μg/kg/hour maintained throughout the surgical procedure until its completion	An equivalent volume loading dose of 0.9% saline was administered following induction of anesthesia, followed by a continuous infusion of an equal volume maintained until completion of the surgical procedure	RCT

Yang et al[10] enrolled 165/165 but 160/160 completed surgery and contributed to the creatinine analysis, which is the n used in the meta-analysis. RCT: Randomised controlled trial.

Table 2 Risk-of-bias summary

Ref.	Randomization	Deviations	Missing data	Outcome measurement	Selective reporting	Overall
Fayed et al[9], 2016	Unclear risk	Low risk	Low risk	Some concerns	Low risk	Some concerns
Yang et al[10], 2024	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Zhang et al[11], 2021	Not applicable1	Not applicable1	Not applicable1	Not applicable1	Not applicable1	Moderate risk
Zhang et al[12], 2022	Not applicable1	Not applicable1	Not applicable1	Not applicable1	Not applicable1	Moderate risk

¹Risk of bias for observational studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.