Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026.
World J Transplant. Jun 18, 2026; 16(2): 119247
Published online Jun 18, 2026. doi: 10.5500/wjt.v16.i2.119247
Published online Jun 18, 2026. doi: 10.5500/wjt.v16.i2.119247
Table 1 Patient demographic variables for the book-receiving cohort, n (%)/median (interquartile range)
| Liver donors (n = 6) | Kidney donors (n = 19) | Liver recipients (n = 24)1 | Kidney recipients (n = 26)1 | |
| Age at donation or transplant | 41 (34.5-47.5) | 44 (36-51) | 51 (41-56)2 | 55 (49-70)3 |
| Female sex | 4 (66.7) | 11 (57.9) | 6 (33.3)2 | 7 (36.8)3 |
| Primary language | ||||
| English | 6 (100.0) | 19 (100.0) | 23 (95.8) | 25 (96.2) |
| Spanish | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.2) | 1 (3.8) |
| Highest level of education | ||||
| Less than high school | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.3) | 1 (4.2) | 2 (7.7) |
| High school/GED | 1 (16.7) | 4 (21.1) | 5 (20.8) | 2 (7.7) |
| College | 2 (33.3) | 9 (47.4) | 14 (58.3) | 13 (50.0) |
| Advanced degree | 3 (50.0) | 5 (26.3) | 4 (16.7) | 9 (34.6) |
| Employment status | ||||
| Full-time | 4 (66.7) | 15 (78.9) | 11 (45.8) | 7 (26.9) |
| Part-time | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.3) | 1 (4.2) | 3 (11.5) |
| On disability | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (20.8) | 2 (7.7) |
| Unemployed | 2 (33.3) | 2 (10.5) | 4 (16.7) | 5 (19.2) |
| Retired | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.3) | 3 (12.5) | 9 (34.6) |
| History of prior surgeries | 4 (66.7) | 8 (42.1) | 17 (70.8) | 16 (61.5) |
Table 2 Postoperative respondent outcomes compared with historic rates (calendar year 2023), n (%)
| Book-receiving (current) cohort | Historical cohort | P value | |
| Liver donors | n = 6 | n = 23 | |
| 30-day readmission | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1.000 |
| Unplanned clinic visits | 1 (16.7) | ||
| 30-day ED encounters | 0 (0.0) | 2 (8.7) | 1.000 |
| Call to transplant coordinators | 3 (50.0) | ||
| Kidney donors | n = 19 | n = 93 | |
| 30-day readmission | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.1) | 1.000 |
| Unplanned clinic visits | 0 (0.0) | ||
| 30-day ED encounters | 1 (5.3) | 16 (17.2) | 0.069 |
| Call to transplant coordinators | 1 (5.3) | ||
| Liver recipients | n = 241 | n = 141 | |
| 30-day readmission | 7 (29.2) | 62 (44.0) | 0.189 |
| Unplanned clinic visits | 12 (50.0) | ||
| 30-day ED encounters | 4 (16.7) | 34 (24.1) | 0.601 |
| Call to transplant coordinators | 7 (29.2) | ||
| Kidney recipients | n = 261 | n = 299 | |
| 30-day readmission | 3 (11.5) | 60 (20.1) | 0.438 |
| Unplanned clinic visits | 12 (46.2) | ||
| 30-day ED encounters | 3 (11.5) | 58 (19.4) | 0.437 |
| Call to transplant coordinators | 15 (57.7) | ||
| All donors | n = 25 | n = 116 | |
| 30-day readmission | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.01) | 1.000 |
| Unplanned clinic visits | 1 (4.0) | ||
| 30-day ED encounters | 1 (4.0) | 18 (15.5) | 0.197 |
| Call to transplant coordinators | 4 (16.0) | ||
| All recipients | n = 49 | n = 440 | |
| 30-day readmission | 9 (18.4) | 122 (27.7) | 0.177 |
| Unplanned clinic visits | 23 (46.9) | ||
| 30-day ED encounters | 7 (14.3) | 92 (20.9) | 0.350 |
| Call to transplant coordinators | 21 (42.9) | ||
| Full cohort | n = 74 | n = 556 | |
| 30-day readmission | 9 (12.2) | 123 (22.1) | 0.049 |
| Unplanned clinic visits | 24 (32.4) | ||
| 30-day ED encounters | 8 (10.8) | 110 (19.8) | 0.080 |
| Call to transplant coordinators | 25 (33.8) |
- Citation: Di Napoli M, Kadri H, Kessler D, Canty G, Klingenberg K, Pomfret EA, Pomposelli JJ, Pshak T, Choudhury RA, Nydam TL, Baimas-George M. Picturing better outcomes: Illustrated educational booklets improve patient-reported outcomes and reduce healthcare utilization in abdominal transplantation. World J Transplant 2026; 16(2): 119247
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3230/full/v16/i2/119247.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5500/wjt.v16.i2.119247