Liver transplant practices in the era of normothermic machine perfusion in the United States

Table 1 Demographics of transplant between normothermic liver machine perfusion and non-normothermic liver machine perfusion, n (%)/median (25^th-75^th percentiles)

Variable	NMP (n = 1083)	Non-NMP (n = 18515)	P value
Recipient
Age	59.0 (51.0-65.0)	57.0 (47.0-64.0)	< 0.001
Male,	711 (66)	11799 (64)	0.20
Race (White)	768 (71)	13096 (71)	0.088
Black	48 (4.4)	1178 (6.4)
Hispanic	205 (19)	3179 (17)
Asian	45 (4.2)	745 (4.0)
Others	17 (1.6)	317 (1.7)
Body mass index (kg/m2)	28.8 (25.1-32.7)	28.5 (24.8-32.9)	0.50
Blood type (A)	401 (37)	6621 (36)	< 0.001
AB	38 (3.5)	965 (5.2)
B	107 (9.9)	2532 (14)
O	537 (50)	8397 (45)
Primary diagnosis of liver disease (ALD)	372 (34)	8141 (44)	< 0.001
MASH	240 (22)	3,809 (21)
Hepatitis C virus	60 (5.5)	945 (5.1)
Hepatitis B virus	15 (1.4)	312 (1.7)
Acute liver failure	5 (0.5)	344 (1.9)
Hepatocellualr carcinoma	84 (7.8)	774 (4.2)
Others	307 (28)	4190 (23)
Diabetes	349 (32)	4838 (26)	< 0.001
HCV seropositive status	126 (13)	2209 (12)	0.77
HCV NAT positive status	29 (3.3)	498 (3.7)	0.57
Previous abdominal surgery	495 (50)	8075 (45)	0.005
Portal vein thrombosis	147 (15)	2316 (13)	0.089
Dialysis at transplant	86 (8.1)	2747 (15)	< 0.001
TIPSS	87 (8.1)	1316 (7.2)	0.25
MELD	20 (13-27)	26 (17-33)	< 0.001
MELD exception	42 (3.9)	1602 (8.7)	< 0.001
Ventilation at transplant	26 (2.4)	571 (3.1)	0.20
Waiting days	77 (14-272)	31 (6-198)	< 0.001
Location of patient (missing)	80 (7.4)	474 (2.6)	< 0.001
ICU	98 (9.0)	2816 (15)
Inpatient	145 (13)	4798 (26)
Outpatient	760 (70)	10427 (56)
Donor
Age	47.0 (34.0-57.0)	42.0 (31.0-55.0)	< 0.001
Male	695 (64)	11528 (62)	0.21
Race (White)	724 (67)	11427 (62)	0.001
Black	153 (14)	3509 (19)
Hispanic	157 (14)	2813 (15)
Asian	31 (2.9)	500 (2.7)
Others	18 (1.7)	266 (1.4)
Blood type (A)	407 (38)	6764 (37)	0.052
AB	17 (1.6)	533 (2.9)
B	118 (11)	2200 (12)
O	541 (50)	9018 (49)
BMI	28.5 (24.4-33.5)	27.4 (23.7-32.0)	< 0.001
HCV nucleic acid testing positive	34 (3.1)	948 (5.1)	0.004
HCV antibody positive	83 (7.7)	1794 (9.7)	0.028
DCD donor	598 (55)	1976 (11)	< 0.001
Share type: Local	417 (39)	6743 (36)	0.27
Regional	311 (29)	5302 (29)
National	355 (33)	6470 (35)
Preservation time	12.20 (8.98-15.79)	5.75 (4.70-7.00)	< 0.001
Day-time: Recipient reperfusion	74%	55%	< 0.001
Day-time: Donor cross-clamp	60%	60%	0.99
DRI	2.23 (1.85-2.72)	1.70 (1.45-2.04)	< 0.001
Distance ($)	156 (43-354)	138 (40-302)	< 0.001
Length of post-transplant stay	8 (6-13)	10 (7-17)	< 0.001

ALD: Alcohol related liver disease; MASH: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis; DCD: Donation after cardiac death; DBD: Donation after brain death; TIPSS: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; MELD: Model for end stage liver disease; DRI: Donor risk index; NMP: Normothermic liver machine perfusion; ICU: Intensive care unit.