Supervised vs home-based exercise program in kidney transplant recipients: A pilot pragmatic non-randomized study

Table 1 Baseline comparison between the two groups, n (%)

	HBex, N = 9	Sgym, N = 6	P value
Age, years (mean ± SD)	63 ± 3	55 ± 11	0.06
Male sex	6 (67)	3 (50)	0.53
Dialysis vintage, month (mean ± SD)	24 ± 15	23 ± 20	0.85
Age of transplantation (mean ± SD)	56 ± 8	52 ± 10	0.15
Risk factors and comorbidities
Smokers	0	1	0.41
Hypertension	9	6	1
Diabetes	1	0	0.41
Hyperlipidemia	4	4	1
Charlson index (mean ± SD)	4 ± 2	5 ± 4	0.52
Medications
Ace-inhibitors	2	1	0.8
Diuretics	2	0	0.24
Beta-blockers	8	5	0.19
Calcium antagonists	1	3	0.22
Antiplatelets therapy	7	5	0.37
Statins	7	4	0.16
Laboratory parameters (mean ± SD)
Hemoglobin, g/dL	12.6 ± 1.1	12.5 ± 1.6	0.88
Serum creatinine, mg/dL	1.06 ± 0.25	1.64 ± 0.64	0.028
Sodium mmol/L	127.1 ± 33.2	140.0 ± 1.8	0.47
Potassium mEq/L	4.2 ± 0.4	4.0 ± 0.2	0.76
PTH mg/mL	71 ± 33	136 ± 72	0.07
RAPA questionnaire (mean ± SD)	3.3 ± 3.8	6.7 ± 3.1	0.1
6MWD (m)	356 ± 113	478 ± 53	0.030a
PFWD (m)	278 ± 172	442 ± 71	0.047a
VO2peak (ml/100 g/min)	18.8 ± 8.3	21.9 ± 3.1	0.41
5T-STS	18.3±16.2	11.0 ± 1.9	0.3

^aP < 0.05. HBex: Home-based group; PFWD: Pain-free walking distance; PTH: Parathormone; RAPA: Rapid assessment of physical activity; Sgym: Supervise training group; VO2: Maximum oxygenation; 5T-STS: 5-time sit-to-stand test; 6MWD: 6-minute walking distance.

Table 2 Values of outcome parameters in the two groups

	HBex, N = 9			Sgym, N = 6			Between group Ancova
	T0	T6	Δ	T0	T6	Δ	Bonferroni-Corrected P value
6MWD (M)	356 ± 113	408 ± 107a	+52 ± 23	478 ± 53	488 ± 68	+8 ± 34	0.005
PFWD (M)	278 ± 172	366 ± 147a	+97 ± 88	442 ± 71	459 ± 78	+17 ± 31	0.25
VO2peak (Ml/100 g/Min)	18.8 ± 8.3	21.9 ± 8.1a	+3.1 ± 2.2	21.9 ± 3.1	22.8 ± 3.4a	+0.9 ± 0.7	0.26
5t-Sts (S)	18.3 ± 16.2	13.3 ± 8.6	-5.0 ± 7.9	11.0 ± 1.9	10.3 ± 2.2	-0.7 ± 1.5	0.60
Systolic blood Pressure (mmHg)	146 ± 21	142 ± 14	-4 ± 5	142 ± 17	136 ± 15	-6 ± 3	0.57
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	74 ± 8	74 ± 8	0 ± 2	72 ± 7	75 ± 5	3 ± 2	0.18
BMI (Kgm-2)	28.3 ± 8	28.2 ± 8.2	-0.1 ± 0,5	24.2 ± 2.4	24.5 ± 3.0	0.4 ± 1.4	0.22

^aP < 0.05 concerning baseline in the within-group comparison. BMI: Body mass index; HBex: Home-based group; PFWD; Pain-free walking distance; PTH: Parathormone; RAPA: Rapid assessment of physical activity; Sgym: Supervised training group; VO2: Maximum oxygen consumption; 5T-STS: 5-time sit-to-stand test; 6MWD: 6-minute walking distance.