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World J Transplant. Dec 18, 2024; 14(4): 95967
Published online Dec 18, 2024. doi: 10.5500/wjt.v14.i4.95967
Table 1 Factors contributing to growth failure in children with chronic kidney disease and undergoing transplantation
Factors
Genetic
        Parental height
        Sex
        Syndromic kidney disease
Birth related
        Prematurity
        Small for gestational age
        Intensive care requirement
Comorbidities
        Other organ involvement
        Including liver, heart
Age at onset of CKD
Severity of CKD and residual renal function
Metabolic disturbances
        Salt and water metabolism
        Metabolic acidosis
        CKD-mineral bone disorder
Anemia
Malnutrition
        Contributed by anorexia, Vomiting, altered taste sensation, nutrition losses, dietary restrictions
Protein-energy wasting
        Infection and inflammation
        Uremic toxins
        Oxidative stress
        Inflammatory cytokines
Hormonal disturbances affecting
        Somatotropin hormone axis
        Gonadotropic hormones axis
        Gastrointestinal hormones
CKD: Chronic kidney disease.