Systematic Reviews
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2020.
World J Transplant. Mar 31, 2020; 10(3): 64-78
Published online Mar 31, 2020. doi: 10.5500/wjt.v10.i3.64
Table 1 Cell transplantation
Donor
Recipients (disease, strain etc.)OutcomesYear
CellsSpeciesTreatments [co-culture (Co), organoid generated]
HepatocytesHuman-Human (ALF)Hepatic function2018[13]
-Human (ACLF)Hepatic function2014[22]
-Human (metabolic disease)Engraftment, hepatic function2012[23]
-Human (oxalosis)Hepatic function2012[24]
-Rat (SD)Hepatic function, survival extension2017[25]
-Mouse (NOD/SCID)Alb secretion, engraftment2017[26]
-Mouse (FRG)Engraftment, hepatic function2013[27]
-Mouse (SCID/Alb-uPA)Analysis of NK cell2010[28]
UC-MSC (human)Mouse (BALB/c)Engraftment, hepatic function2018[29]
Rat-Mouse (C57BL/6 FRG)2018[30]
-Rat (Wistar)Engraftment2015[31]
-Rat (SD)Engraftment, hepatic function2015[32]
-RatEngraftment2014[33]
-Rat (DPP4-)Engraftment, repopulation2014[34]
-Rat (An alb)Engraftment, hepatic function2014[35]
HSCs (Rat), SECs (Rat)/CoMouse (C57BL/6)Engraftment, survival extension2014[36]
-Rat (SD)Hepatic function2010[37]
MouseOrganoidMouse (C57BL/6)Engraftment2017[38]
-Mouse (emdr2−/−)Engraftment, Repopulation2015[39]
-Mouse (Fah-/-)Hepatic function2010[40]
-Mouse (FVB/N)Engraftment, analysis of metabolite2010[41]
-Mouse (C57BL/6)Engraftment2010[42]
Hepatocytes (fetal)Rat-Rat (DPPIV-)Engraftment, repopulation2018[43]
Mouse-Mouse (C57BL/6)Engraftment, hepatic function2012[44]
Liver cellsRabbit-Rabbit (New Zealand)Hepatic function2012[45]
Hepatic oval cellsRat-Rat (Lewis)Hepatic function, survival extension2013[46]
Hepatoma cell line-Rat (SD)Hepatic function, survival extension2013[47]
UC-MSCsHuman-Human after OLTHepatic function, intervention rate2017[48]
-Human after OLTHepatic function2017[49]
BM-MSCs/BM-MNCsHuman-Human (LC)Hepatic function2017[50]
-2016[51]
-Human (Liver failure)Hepatic function2013[52]
Rabbit-RabbitRemodeling2011[53]
BM-MSCs/HSCsHuman-Human (EPP)Engraftment2010[54]
BM-MSCHuman-Human (LC)Engraftment, hepatic function2011[55]
-Rat (Wistar)Hepatic function2014[56]
-Mouse (SCID)Engraftment, analysis of glucose2017[57]
-Mouse (Pfp/Rag2−/−)Engraftment2010[58]
Rhesus macaque-MouseHepatic function2018[59]
Rat-Rat (SD)Hepatic function2014[60]
BM-MNC-EPCRat-Rat (SD)Remodeling2012[61]
Liver-MSCsHuman-Mouse (NOD/SCID)Engraftment, repopulation2011[62]
AD-MSCsHuman-Mouse (c57/B6)Analysis of IRI2014[63]
Mouse-Mouse (Swiss CD1)Repopulation2012[64]
AD-MSC-HepMouse-Mouse (C57BL/6)Engraftment2015[65]
CD34+ cellsHuman-Human (LC)Hepatic function2015[66]
ESCs-HepMouse-Mouse (BALB/c)Engraftment, hepatic function2012[67]
iPSC-HepHumanOrganoidMouse (Alb-Tk-NOG)Survival extension, hepatic function2017[68]
OrganoidMouse (NOD/SCID)Engraftment2013[69]
Mouse-Mouse (Fah-/- C57Bl/6)Engraftment2010[70]
iMPC-HepHuman-Mouse (FRG)Engraftment2014[71]
GPSCs-HepMouse-Mouse (Hfe-null)Engraftment2015[72]
Liver stem cellsRatOrganoidRat (Fah−/−Il2rg−/−)Engraftment, hepatic function2016[73]
“-” means negative treatment. ALF: Acute liver failure; ACLF: Acute on chronic liver failure; SD: Sprague dawley; UC-MSCs: Umbilical cord deriver mesenchymal stem cells; BM-MSCs: Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells; MNCs: Mononuclear cells; HSCs: Hematopoietic stem cells; LC: Liver cirrhosis; EPP: Erythropoietic protoporphyria; BM-MNC-EPC: BM-MNC derived endothelial progenitor cell; AD-MSCs: Adipose derived MSCs; IRI: Ischemia-reperfusion injury; AD-MSC-Hep: AD-MSC derived hepatocyte; iMPC: Induced multipotent progenitor cell; GPSCs: Germ line cell-derived pluripotent stem cells.
Table 2 Xeno-organ transplantation
Donor organRecipientsOutcomesYear
GTKO pigTibetan macaquesCytokine profile2017[74]
BaboonSurvival extension2018[5]; 2017[14]; 2014[75]; 2012[76]; 2010[77]
Analysis of thrombotic microangiopathy2016[78]
Analysis of platelet2014[79]
Analysis of rejection2012[80]
Platelet aggregation2012[81]
Analysis of coagulopathy2012 [82]
Hepatic function2010[83]
PigBaboonAnalysis of immunoglobulin2018 [84]
RabbitPorcine, rabbitAnalysis of IgG2012[85]
GTKO: Alpha 1-3 galactosyltransferase gene knockout; IgG: Immunoglobulin G.
Table 3 Scaffold-based transplantation
Donor
Recipients (strain)OutcomesYear
ScaffoldSpeciesSeeding cell
Decellularized organ liverHumanMouse (C57BL/6J)Immunogenicity2015[2]
PorcineRat (F344)Immunogenicity2013[86]
PorcineImmunogenicity2013[87]
PorcineEngraftment2012[88]
Sheep, ratSheep, ratEngraftment2015[89]
RatHepatocytes (rat), BM- MSCs (Rat)Rat (Lewis)Engraftment2014[90]
Hepatocytes (rat)Rat (Lewis)Engraftment, Hepatic function2010[91], 2011[92]
MouseHematopoietic progenitor cells (mouse)Mouse (C57Bl/6)Hepatic function, metabolic function2018 [93]
BM-MSCs (mouse)Mouse (NOD-SCID)Survival extension, hepatic function2014[94]
PlacentaHumanLiver cells (sheep)SheepSurvival extension, hepatic function2018[15]
Amniotic membraneHumanAD-MSCs (human)MouseSurvival extension, hepatic function2015[95]
Nonwoven polyglycolic acid scaffoldsLiver cells (human, mouse)Mouse (NOD/SCID)Analysis of human metabolite2017[19]
3D hydrogelHepatocytes (human)Mouse (nude)Engraftment, hepatic function2016[16]
Hyaluronan tubeHepatocytes (rat), adipose-MSCs (human)Rat (nude)Engraftment, hepatic function2016[17]
Polyethylene glycol hydrogelsHepatocytes (rat)Mouse (Nude)Engraftment2015[20]
MicrobeadsHepatocytes (rat)Rat (SD)Hepatic function2014 [96]
Poly-L-glycolic acidHepatocytes (mouse)Mouse (NOD/SCID)Engraftment2014[21]
Hyaluronan hydrogelsHepatic stem cells (human)Mouse (Athymic nude)Engraftment2013[97]
Apatite-fiber scaffoldHepatocytes (mouse) + HSC + SECsMouse (BALB/CA nu)Hepatic function2011[98]
Chitosan-alginate fibrous scaffoldsBM-MSCs (human)Rat (Wistar)Hepatic function2010[99]
Hyaluronic acid spongeFetal hepatocyte (rat)Rat (LEC)Engraftment, hepatic function2010[18]
3D: Three dimensional; SD: Sprague dawley; HSCs: Hematopoietic stem cells; BM-MSCs: Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells.
Table 4 Sources of alternative therapy
DonorsSpeciesNumbers
Organ liverTotal25
Human1[2]
Porcine16[5,14,74-84,86-88]
Sheep1[89]
Rabbit1[85]
Rat4[89-92]
Mouse2[93,94]
Hepatocytes (adult)Total31
Human10[13,16,22-29]
Rat14[17,20,30-37,90-92,96]
Mouse7[21,38-42,98]
Hepatocytes (fetal)Total3
Rat2[18,43]
Mouse1[44]
Liver cellsTotal3
Human1[19]
Sheep1[15]
Rabbit1[45]
MSCs (umbilical cord)Human3[29,48,49]
MSCs (bone marrow)Total15
Human9[50-52,54-58,99]
Macaques1[59]
Rabbit1[53]
Rat3[60,61,90]
Mouse1[94]
MSCs (Adipose)Total4
Human2[17,63]
Mouse2[64,65]
MSCs (liver)Human1[62]
Hematopoietic stem cellsHuman2[54,66]
ESCsMouse1[67]
iPSCsTotal3
Human2[68,69]
Mouse1[70]
GPSCsMouse1[72]
Liver stem cellsTotal2
Human1[97]
Rat1[73]
MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells; ESCs: Embryonic stem cells; iPSCs: Induced pluripotent stem cells; GPSCs: Germ line cell-derived pluripotent stem cells.