Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation conditioning regimens and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy in various diseases

Figure 1 Differentiation of pluripotent embryonic stem cells into hematopoietic stem cells.

Figure 2 Pattern of various diseases treated by autologous hematopoietic stem cells transplantation. AML: Acute myeloid leukemia; ALL: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Figure 3 Comparison of various conditioning regimens in multiple myeloma. A: Comparison of overall survival between busulfan 0.8 mg/kg along with etoposide IV 400 mg/m² plus cyclophosphamide 50 mg/kg (BVC), melphalan (MEL) given at a dose of 100 mg/m²/d (HDM), high dose MEL 200 mg/m² (MEL 200), and low dose MEL given at a dose of 140 mg (MEL 140); B: Comparison of progression free survival between BVC, HDM, MEL 200, and MEL 140.

Figure 4 Comparison of various conditioning regimens in acute myeloid leukemia. A: Comparison of leukemia free survival (LFS) and over survival (OS) between intravenous busulfan (12.8 mg/kg) combined with cyclophosphamide (120 mg/kg), melphalan (140 mg/kg), and etoposide; B: Comparison of LFS and OS between busulfan (12.8 mg/kg) plus melphalan (140 mg/kg) and busulfan (12.8 mg/kg) plus cyclophosphamide (120 mg/kg). BU: Busulfan; MEL: Melphalan; Cy: Cyclophosphamide; LFS: Leukemia free survival; OS: Over survival; BUCY: Busulfan and cyclophosphamide; BUMEL: Busulfan and melphalan.

Figure 5 Comparison of various conditioning regimens in Hodgkin lymphoma. A: Comparison of progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) between carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan (BEAM) [carmustine 300 mg/m² given at day 6, etoposide 200 mg/m² and cytarabine 200 mg/m² between day 2 to day 5, melphalan (MEL) 140 mg/m² at day 1] and mitoxantrone (MITO) 60 mg/m² in three divided doses at day 5 along with MEL 180 mg/m² in three divided doses at day 2 constituting a group with MITO/MEL; B: Comparison of PFS and OS between BEAM (n = 313), CBV-low (cyclophosphamide, carmustine, and etoposide) (n = 279), and CBV-high (cyclophosphamide, carmustine, and etoposide) (n = 219). PFS: Progression free survival; OS: Over survival; BEAM: Carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan; MITO: Mitoxantrone; MEL: Melphalan.

Figure 6 Comparison of progression free survival and overall survival between full dose melphalan (MEL) (200 mg/m²), low or reduced intensity MEL (100 mg/m²), and modified MEL (100 mg/m²). PFS: Progression free survival; OS: Over survival; MEL: Melphalan.