Chitosan DNA nanoparticles for oral gene delivery

Table 1 Chitosan-enzyme inhibitor conjugates¹

	Enzyme inhibition	Drug protection
Chitosan-ATA	DNAase	pDNA[34]
	Lysozyme
Chitosan-EDTA	DNAase	pDNA[37]
	Trypsin	Insulin[39]
	Chymotrypsin	Trypsin and bromelain[93]
Chitosan-aprotinin	Trypsin	Insulin[38]
	Chymotrypsin	Calcitonin[41]
Chitosan-BBI	Trypsin	Calcitonin[42]
	Chymotrypsin	Insulin[40]
Chitosan-pepstatin	Pepsin	Calcitonin[43]
Chitosan-elastinal	Elastase	Calcitonin[42]
		Insulin[40]
Chitosan-phenylboronic acid	Trypsin	Calcitonin[44]
	Elastase
Chitosan-bacitracin		Hepatitis B surface antigen[94]

¹Summary of the various enzyme inhibitors that chitosan has been conjugated with in order to decrease degradation and maximize delivery of drug product. All references of original studies are included. Chitosan-ATA and chitosan-EDTA conjugates are most relevant to gene therapy advancements, as they have been shown to protect pDNA and increase transfection efficiency. EDTA: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; ATA: Aurintricarboxylic acid; BBI: Bowman-birk inhibitor.