Predictors of severe and critical COVID-19: A systematic review

Table 1 Characteristics of the studies included

Study	Duration	Design	Country	Number	Male	Age	MINORs score
Li et al[11], 2020	Jan 2020- Feb 2020	Retrospective	China	83	44	45.5	14 (Low)
Zhou et al[12], 2020	Dec 2019- Jan 2020	Retrospective	China	191	119	56	13 (High)
Liu et al[13], 2020	Dec 2019- Jan 2020	Retrospective	China	78	39	38	12 (High)
Qu et al[14], 2020	Dec 2019- Jan 2020	Retrospective	China	30	16	50.5	13 (High)
Wu et al[15], 2020	Dec 2019- Jan 2020	Retrospective	China	201	128	51	12 (High)

MINORs: Methodological index for non-randomized studies.

Table 2 Clinical symptoms of the patients, n (%)

Study	Fever	Cough	Dyspnea	Abdominal	Myalgia	Headache	Critical cases
Li et al[11], 2020	72 (86.7)	65 (78.3)	9 (10.8)	7 (8.4)	15 (18.1)	9 (10.8)	25 (30.1)
Zhou et al[12], 2020	180 (94.2)	151 (79)	NA	9 (4.7%)	29 (15.1)	NA	119 (62.3)
Liu et al[13], 2020	NA	34 (34.6)	NA	NA	NA	NA	11 (14.1)
Qu et al[14], 2020	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	3 (10)
Wu et al[15], 2020	188 (93.5)	163 (81.1)	80 (39.8)	NA	65 (32.3)	NA	84 (41.8)

NA: Not applicable.

Table 3 Complications and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 in the studies

Study	Complications	ARDS	Mortality
Li et al[11], 2020	25	25	NA
Zhou et al[12], 2020	493	162	54
Liu et al[13], 2020	20	20	2
Qu et al[14], 2020	NA	NA	NA
Wu et al[15], 2020	84	84	44

ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Table 4 Prognostic scoring system to predict severe coronavirus disease 2019

Predictive factor	Odds ratio	Score points
Bronchial wall thickening in CT scan	32.593	3
CT score > 7	19.200	2
Elevated D-dimer	18.42	2
Decreased monocyte ratio	18	2
Smoking	14.285	2
Elevated C-reactive protein	13.2	1
Lymphopenia	12	1
Dyspnea	10.899	1
Chest pain	10.85	1
Medical comorbidities	10.607	1

CT: Computed tomography.Probability of severe COVID-19: Low (0-5 points), moderate (6-10 points), high (11-16 points).