Hypertension, type IV cardiorenal syndrome and chronic kidney disease: Pathophysiological and therapeutical approach

doi:10.5494/wjh.v7.i1.10

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Feb 23, 2017 (publication date) through Oct 26, 2025

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World Journal of Hypertension

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2220-3168

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Hypertens. Feb 23, 2017; 7(1): 10-18
Published online Feb 23, 2017. doi: 10.5494/wjh.v7.i1.10

Table 1 Selected factors implicated with hypertension in chronic kidney disease

Factor	Dominant mechanism
Impaired Na excretion	Expansion of ECF volume
Activation of RAS	Direct vasoconstriction
Activation of RAS	Sympathetic activation
Sympathetic activation	Direct vasoconstriction
Sympathetic activation	Stimulation of renin release
Imbalance in PG or kinins	Vasoconstriction
Endothelin	Direct vasoconstriction
Endothelin	Renal injury
Reduced nitric oxide	Loss of vasodilatator effect

RAS: Renin-angiotensin system; ECF: Extracellular fluid; PG: Prostaglandins.

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Citation: Di Lullo L, Bellasi A, De Pascalis A. Hypertension, type IV cardiorenal syndrome and chronic kidney disease: Pathophysiological and therapeutical approach. World J Hypertens 2017; 7(1): 10-18
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3168/full/v7/i1/10.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5494/wjh.v7.i1.10