Convection-based vs conduction-based cooling in rehabilitation: A cadaveric porcine study of surface and intra-articular temperature reduction

doi:10.5493/wjem.124656

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine

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2220-315x

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Exp Med. Sep 20, 2026; 16(3): 124656
Published online Sep 20, 2026. doi: 10.5493/wjem.124656

Table 1 Subdermal temperature response at baseline and 20 minutes

Condition	T0 [°C (°F)]	T20 [°C (°F)]	ΔT20 [°C (°F)]
SootheAway 1	42.5 (108.5 °F)	38.6 (101.5 °F)	-3.9 (-7.0 °F)
SootheAway 2	35.6 (96.1 °F)	27.2 (81.0 °F)	-8.4 (-15.1 °F)
ThermoCuff	35.4 (95.7 °F)	20.6 (69.1 °F)	-14.8 (-26.6 °F)
Ambient	40.8 (105.4 °F)	39.0 (102.2 °F)	-1.8 (-3.2 °F)

ΔT20 = T (20 minutes) - T0; negative values indicate cooling.

Full Size Table

Table 2 Intramuscular temperature response at baseline and 20 minutes

Condition	T0 [°C (°F)]	T20 [°C (°F)]	ΔT20 [°C (°F)]
SootheAway 1	24.6 (76.3 °F)	31.1 (88.0 °F)	+6.5 (+11.7 °F)
SootheAway 2	33.5 (92.3 °F)	32.2 (90.0 °F)	-1.3 (-2.3 °F)
ThermoCuff	29.6 (85.3 °F)	27.8 (82.0 °F)	-1.8 (-3.2 °F)
Ambient	31.4 (88.5 °F)	31.0 (87.8 °F)	-0.4 (-0.7 °F)

ΔT20 = T (20 minutes) - T0; negative values indicate cooling.

Full Size Table

Table 3 Intra-articular temperature response at baseline and 20 minutes

Condition	T0 [°C (°F)]	T20 [°C (°F)]	ΔT20 [°C (°F)]
SootheAway 1	28.5 (83.3 °F)	33.3 (91.9 °F)	+4.8 (+8.6 °F)
SootheAway 2	37.2 (99.0 °F)	33.3 (91.9 °F)	-3.9 (-7.0 °F)
ThermoCuff	37.2 (99.0 °F)	27.2 (81.0 °F)	-10.0 (-18.0 °F)
Ambient	33.9 (93.0 °F)	30.6 (87.1 °F)	-3.3 (-5.9 °F)

ΔT20 = T (20 minutes) - T0; negative values indicate cooling.

Full Size Table

Citation: Ibrahim MA, Abdelhameed B, Beltagi A, Masoud M, Mohamed SAA, Khalifa AA. Convection-based vs conduction-based cooling in rehabilitation: A cadaveric porcine study of surface and intra-articular temperature reduction. World J Exp Med 2026; 16(3): 124656
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-315x/full/v16/i3/124656.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5493/wjem.124656

Ibrahim MA, Abdelhameed B, Beltagi A, Masoud M, Mohamed SAA, Khalifa AA. Convection-based vs conduction-based cooling in rehabilitation: A cadaveric porcine study of surface and intra-articular temperature reduction. World J Exp Med 2026; 16(3): 124656 [DOI: 10.5493/wjem.124656]

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