Stepwise model to differentiate pathogenic from non-pathogenic organisms in urinary isolates: Effectiveness, safety, and feasibility prospective study

Table 1 Association between duration of hospitalization and clinical/microbiological parameters (n = 275), mean ± SD

Parameters	Duration of hospitalization (days)	P value
Age (years)	Correlation coefficient (rho) = -0.06	0.302
Age (years)		0.682
18-30	15.21 ± 15.13
31-40	14.47 ± 10.44
41-50	14.07 ± 9.87
51-60	13.12 ± 9.46
61-70	12.62 ± 8.64
71-80	15.81 ± 14.51
81-90	6.83 ± 1.72
> 90	13.00 ± 0
Gender		0.221
Male	12.98 ± 9.38
Female	15.51 ± 13.76
Organism detected		0.347
Escherichia coli	12.05 ± 8.29
Klebsiella pneumoniae	16.05 ± 10.89
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	14.76 ± 11.64
Candida spp.	14.46 ± 17.37
Enterococcus faecium	11.44 ± 5.76
Acinetobacter baumannii	11.27 ± 5.14
Enterobacter cloacae	11.67 ± 4.62
Others	24.33 ± 16.74
Enterococcus faecalis	8.00 ± 0
Staphylococcus epidermidis	15.00 ± 0
Localized symptoms of UTI		0.003
Yes	14.66 ± 11.71
No	10.33 ± 7.90
Symptom: Increased urination		0.002
Yes	15.76 ± 12.28
No	12.92 ± 10.56
Symptom: Urination urgency		< 0.001
Yes	16.15 ± 6.92
No	13.48 ± 11.91
Symptom: Dysuria		0.063
Yes	13.06 ± 10.45
No	15.10 ± 12.23
Symptom: Pyuria		0.018
Yes	18.65 ± 12.18
No	3.50 ± 11.10
Symptom: Hematuria		0.563
Yes	10.43 ± 4.86
No	14.02 ± 11.37
Symptom: Flank pain		0.174
Yes	17.97 ± 18.20
No	13.38 ± 9.89
Factor for asymptomatic bacteriuria: Pregnancy		0.911
Yes	14.00 ± 11.31
No	13.93 ± 11.29
Factor for asymptomatic bacteriuria: Urological procedure		0.32
Yes	9.92 ± 4.44
No	14.11 ± 11.45
Factor for asymptomatic bacteriuria: Post renal transplant	No patients
Factor for asymptomatic bacteriuria: None		0.004
Yes	10.25 ± 8.86
No	14.42 ± 11.47
SOFA score change > 1		0.591
Yes	15.04 ± 13.76
No	13.89 ± 10.48
Pathogenicity (microbiologist) (pathogenic)	13.93 ± 11.26
Pathogenicity (treating team)		0.487
Pathogenic	13.98 ± 11.31
Non-pathogenic	9.33 ± 4.04
Pathogenicity (algorithm)		< 0.001
Pathogenic	14.68 ± 11.55
Non-pathogenic	6.77 ± 3.06
Commensal organism		0.459
Yes	13.17 ± 9.45
No	15.59 ± 14.40
Colonizer organism		0.212
Yes	13.89 ± 16.10
No	13.94 ± 10.13
Contaminant organism		0.038
Yes	3.50 ± 0.71
No	14.01 ± 11.27
Direct organism		0.006
Yes	18.08 ± 12.21
No	13.23 ± 10.97
Type of pathogenic organism		0.05
Pathogenic-commensal	13.88 ± 9.65
Pathogenic-colonizer	14.67 ± 16.95
Pathogenic-direct	18.08 ± 12.21
Type of non-pathogenic organism		0.093
Non-pathogenic commensal	6.84 ± 3.22
Non-pathogenic colonizer	7.80 ± 2.28
Non-pathogenic contaminant	3.50 ± 0.71
Type of any organism		< 0.001
Pathogenic-commensal	13.88 ± 9.65
Pathogenic-colonizer	14.67 ± 16.95
Pathogenic-direct	18.08 ± 12.21
Non-pathogenic commensal	6.84 ± 3.22
Non-pathogenic colonizer	7.80 ± 2.28
Non-pathogenic contaminant	3.50 ± 0.71
Patient outcome at discharge		0.201
Discharged	13.43 ± 10.07
Death	22.80 ± 28.17
DOPR	14.29 ± 2.75
LAMA	23.00 ± 15.64
Duration of antibiotics (days)	Correlation coefficient (rho) = -0.06	0.318
Cost of antibiotics (Rs)	Correlation coefficient (rho) = 0.13	0.036
Thirty-day mortality		0.017
Yes	27.75 ± 29.56
No	13.52 ± 10.09

SOFA: Sequential organ failure assessment; UTI: Urinary tract infections; DOPR: Discharge on patient request; LAMA: Leave against medical advice.