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Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Exp Med. Mar 20, 2024; 14(1): 86898
Published online Mar 20, 2024. doi: 10.5493/wjem.v14.i1.86898
Table 1 Cytokines produced by adipose tissue that may contribute to low-grade inflammation
TNF-αSecreted by macrophages, natural killer cells, and lymphocytes[13]. Crucial in formation and maintenance of granulomas[30]
IL-1Produced by various cell types including macrophages, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells[13]. Stimulates fibroblast and keratinocyte growth and collagen synthesis by fibroblasts
IL-6Secreted by various cell types including macrophages and adipocytes[13]. An important mediator of the acute phase response and regulator of glucose homeostasis in obesity
IL-8Produced by various cell types including macrophages, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells[13]. Primarily recruits neutrophils and other granulocytes to sites of tissue injury
MCP-1Also known as CCL2. Primarily secreted by monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells[13]. Attracts monocytes, memory T cells, and dendritic cells to sites of inflammation produced by either tissue injury or inflammation
Table 2 Animal models used in wound healing, advantages and disadvantages
Animal model
Advantages
Disadvantages
Hypertrophic wound modelLow costHypertrophic scar different from human[27,29]
Allows for production of hypertrophic scar[28,29]Requires special device[28,29]
Labor intensive: Frequent care to maintain tension and device placement[31]
Wound-induced hair follicle neogenesis (WIHN) modelLow cost
Regeneration following adult wounding with minimal recovery of hair follicles at the scar center[32,48]High variability: Mouse strains, environmental conditions, age of mice, and wound size)[33]
Test therapeutics to activate regenerative wound healing[33]May not translate to human injury[48]
Excisional wound modelLow costLabor intensive: Frequent dressing changes to maintain tension[35]
Wound healing similar to human[35]
Allows for fibroblast lineage tracing[49]