Osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand as biomarkers for bone resorption-related disorders

doi:10.5493/wjem.120531

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine

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2220-315x

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Exp Med. Sep 20, 2026; 16(3): 120531
Published online Sep 20, 2026. doi: 10.5493/wjem.120531

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Figure 1 Normal bone homeostasis and abnormal osteoclast activation by receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand from metastatic cancer cells, resulting in bone resorption and increased pro-tumorigenic growth factors. RANKL: Receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand; RANK: Receptor activator of NF-kappaB; OC: Osteoclast; OB: Osteoblast; IGF: Insulin-like growth factor; TGF: Transforming growth factor. Created in BioRender (Supplementary material).

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Figure 2 Management options in preventing osteoclast stimulation from the pathological activation of the receptor activator of NF-kappaB/receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand/osteoprotegerin axis. RANKL: Receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand; RANK: Receptor activator of NF-kappaB; OC: Osteoclast; OB: Osteoblast; IGF: Insulin-like growth factor; TGF: Transforming growth factor. Created in BioRender (Supplementary material).

Citation: Lalotra T, Gunasekar A, Jeyaraman N, Nallakumarasamy A, Muthu S, Devanand V, Jeyaraman M. Osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand as biomarkers for bone resorption-related disorders. World J Exp Med 2026; 16(3): 120531
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-315x/full/v16/i3/120531.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5493/wjem.120531

Lalotra T, Gunasekar A, Jeyaraman N, Nallakumarasamy A, Muthu S, Devanand V, Jeyaraman M. Osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand as biomarkers for bone resorption-related disorders. World J Exp Med 2026; 16(3): 120531 [DOI: 10.5493/wjem.120531]

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