Decline of the Sengstaken-Blakemore tube: A review of shifting practices in gastrointestinal hemorrhage management

Table 1 Outcomes of various techniques for variceal bleeding from current literature

Classification	Percentage
Success rate by primary EVBL	87%
Success rate in balloon tamponade without rebleeding	59%
Rates of Failure to control bleeding on balloon tamponade and re-bleeding on tamponade	21%-40.9%
Death from esophageal perforation from balloon tamponade	1.2%-6.4%
TIPS attempted rates in failed balloon tamponade	24%-50%
TIPS successful rates for esophageal varices	85%-94%
BRTO successful rates for gastric varices	97.3%-100%
Cyanoacrylate glue success for gastric varices	85%
Combined cyanoacrylate glue and endoscopic ultrasound guided coiling (endo coil) for gastric varices	100%
Combined TIPS and BRTO success rated for gastric and esophageal varices	100%

EVBL: Esophageal variceal band ligation; TIPS: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt; BRTO: Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous variceal embolization/obliteration.

Table 2 Rate of complications in esophageal stenting vs balloon tamponade from current literature

Classification	Percentage
Success rate	66%-96%	94%
Re-bleeding	0%-16.6%	50%
Device related ulceration	2.9%-7.7%	6.7%
Device migration	18.2%-23.8%	0%
Mortality from progressive hepatic damage and multi-organ failure	0%-38.9%	42%
TIPS performed	10.9%-46.1%	66.6%
Aspiration pneumonia or broncho aspiration	7.7%	53.3%
Esophageal rupture	0%	7.1%

TIPS: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt.